CROP PRODUCTIONAND MANAGEMENT

Submitted By:Hemant KarakotiJune, 2015Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Contents

Introduction Agricultural Practice Basic Practice of Crop Production1. Preparation of Soil2. Sowing3. Adding Manure and Fertilisers4. Irrigation5. Protection from Weeds6. Harvesting7. Storage

Introduction

All living organisms require food.

Crop production is a branch of agriculture that deals with growing crops for use as food and fiber.

Crop production includes grains, cotton, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, nuts and plants.

Agricultural Practice

When plant of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called crop.

Crops can be classified on the basis of following season:a. Kharif Crops: The crops which are sown

in the rainy season are called Kharif crops.

b. Rabi Crops: The crops grown in the winter season is called Rabi crop.

Basic Practice of Crop Production Cultivation of cops involves several

activities undertaken by farmers over a period of time.

These activities or tasks are referred to as agricultural practices.

These are as follows:1. Preparation of soil2. Sowing3. Adding manure and fertilizers4. Irrigation5. Protecting from weeds6. Harvesting7. Storage

1: Preparation of Soil The process of loosing and turning of the soil is

called tilling or ploughing. Plough: It is used for tilling the soil, adding the

fertilizers to the crop, removing the weeds, scraping of soil, etc.

Hoe: It is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil.

Cultivator: It is used for ploughing.

2: Sowing Before sowing, selection of good quality seeds

are more important. In sowing, little if any soil is placed over the

seeds. More precisely, seeds can be generally sown into the soil by maintaininga planting depth of about 2-3 times the size of the seed.

3: Adding Manure and Fertilisers The substance which are added to the soil in

the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called manure and fertilisers.

4: Irrigation Water is important for proper growth and

development of seeds of plants. The supply of water to crops at different

intervals is called irrigation.

5: Protection from Weeds Undesirable plants that’s may grow

naturally along with the crop is called weeds.

The removal of weeds is called weeding. Weeds are also controlled by using certain

chemical s, called weedicides.

6: Harvesting The cutting of crop after it is mature is called

harvesting. Harvesting is either done manually by sickle

or by a machine called harvester. harvesting activities include cutting, stacking,

handling, threshing, cleaning, and hauling.

7: Storage storing grains in a proper storage place under

appropriate moisture and temperature to prevent it from the attack of insects and to preserve it for later use is called storage of grain.

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