crop protection crop protection management in brazil macadamia production - leonardo moriya
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TRANSCRIPT
LEONARDO MORIYA
Agronomist
Queen Nut Macadamia
6th International Macadamia Symposium
Crop protection Management in Brazil Macadamia Production
TOPICS OF PRESENTATION
•ON FIELD RESULTS
•The “Vaversa farm case”
•The “Firma farm case”
• Insects that occur in Brazil
Key points for a good crop
Trees nutrition
Crop protection
Favorable climate
conditions
“VAVERSA CASE”
• 500 hectares
• 120.000 trees
• Average age of 25 years old
• Trees spacing of 8 x 5 m
• Staff of 90 people – 70 for harvesting
• Since 2008 they had a drastic drop on crop
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
To
ns
Years
VAVERSA CROPS
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
To
n/h
aYears
VAVERSA Productivity
NIS 10% Moisture
“FIRMA FARM CASE”
• 10.000 trees
• Spacing of 8 x 5
• 15 years old orchard
• Reasonable trees nutrition program
• Trees with not bad structure of vegetation and condition
• That lead to a good crop on the next years
• First action was to correct all the operations related to crop
protection
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2009 2010 2011 2012
To
ns
Years
FIRMA FARM CROPS
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
2009 2010 2011 2012
To
n/h
aYears
FIRMA FARM Productivity TON/ha
NIS 10% Moisture
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
To
ns
Years
QUEEN NUT CROPS
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
To
ns/h
aYears
QUEEN NUT Productivity
NIS 10% Moisture
GENERAL EVALUATION
“VAVERSA CASE”
• Bad nutrition program
• Wrong products sprayed for the wrong problems
• They didn’t know what the insects pests
• The sprayers was wrong regulated, also with
wrong nozzles
STRATEGIES SET UP
• Established a new nutrition program
- Based on leaf and soil analyses
• Established a insects pest monitoring and control
- Staff training
• Started a pruning program
• Set up a list of on field control papers
FOR PEST CONTROL AND LEAF NUTRITION
• Volume sprayed of 1.500 to 2.000 liters per hectare
• Application around 6 times from flower to shell hardening
• Application of micronutrients on raceme setting and nut set
- Zinc, Boron, Calcium, Magnesium and Copper
• Application of aminoacids plus micronutrients
AMINOACIDS
• Alanine
• Arginine
• Leucine
• Isoleucine
• Threonine
• Proline
• Lysine
• Tryptophan
Act directly on flower formation
and pollen fertilization
INSECTS
• What’s the damage and what’s the insects?
• Which moment they attack?
• How to control?
• Do they promote loss of productivity?
• Do they promote loss of quality?
BLACK APHID (Toxoptera citricida)
THRIPS
GREEN PLANTHOOPER (Empoasca sp.)
WHITE BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)
STINK BUGS (Nezara viridula, Loxa sp. and others)
LONG-TAILED MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus sp.)
NUT BORER (Ecdytolopha aurantiana)
SPRAYER
