Cross-Cultural Communications

in Business

We’re Going To Talk About…. A Communications A Communications

ModelModel What is “Culture”?What is “Culture”? Good Cross-Cultural Good Cross-Cultural

CommunicatorsCommunicators High-Context CulturesHigh-Context Cultures Low-Context CulturesLow-Context Cultures

A Communications ModelChannel

Sender Message Audience

Feedback

A Better Communications Model

Context

Channel

Sender Message Audience

Feedback

What is Culture??? Provides patterns of Provides patterns of

acceptable behavior & acceptable behavior & beliefs.beliefs.

May be based on….May be based on….NationalityNationalityRace and ReligionRace and ReligionHistorical RootsHistorical Roots……All of the AboveAll of the Above

Good Intercultural Communicators Are….

are values & are values & behaviors not behaviors not always “right.”always “right.”

Flexible & open to Flexible & open to change.change.

And….. Sensitive to verbal Sensitive to verbal

& nonverbal & nonverbal behavior.behavior.

Aware of values, Aware of values, beliefs, practices of beliefs, practices of other cultures.other cultures.

Sensitive to Sensitive to differences differences withinwithin cultures.cultures.

HIGH CONTEXT VS. LOW CONTEXTCULTURES

High-Context Cultures Infer information from Infer information from

message message contextcontext, rather than , rather than from from contentcontent..

Prefer indirectness, Prefer indirectness, politeness & ambiguity.politeness & ambiguity.

Convey little information Convey little information explicitly.explicitly.

Rely heavily on nonverbal Rely heavily on nonverbal signs.signs.

AsianAsian Latin AmericanLatin American Middle EasternMiddle Eastern

Low-Context Cultures Rely more on Rely more on contentcontent rather than on rather than on contextcontext.. Explicitly spell out Explicitly spell out

information.information. Value directness.Value directness. See indirectness as See indirectness as

manipulative.manipulative. Value written word more Value written word more

than oral statements.than oral statements.

EuropeanEuropean

North AmericanNorth American

Some Cultural Scenarios

Japan China

India Mexico

JAPANTo help her American Company establish a presence in Japan, Mrs. Torres wants to hire a local interpreter who can advise her on business customs. Ms. Tomari has superb qualifications on paper, but when Mrs. Torres tries to probe about her experience, Ms. Tomari just says, “I will do my best. I will try very hard.” She never gives details about any of the previous positions she has held. Mrs. Torres begins to wonder if Ms. Tamari's résumé is inflated.

CHINAStan Williams wants to negotiate a joint venture between his American firm and a Beijing-based company. He asks Tung-Sen Lee if the Chinese people have enough discretionary income to afford his product. Mr. Lee is silent for a time, and then says, “Your product is good. People in the West must like it.” Stan smiles, pleased that Mr. Lee recognizes the quality of his product, and he leaves a contract for Mr. Lee to sign. Weeks later, Stan still hasn’t heard anything. If China is going to be so inefficient, he wonders if his company should try to do business there.

INDIAGloria Johnson is proud of her participatory management style. Assigned in Bombay on behalf of her U.S.-based company, she is careful not to give orders but to ask for suggestions. But the employees rarely suggest anything. Even a formal suggestion system she established does not work. Worse still, she doesn’t sense the respect and camaraderie that she felt at the plant she managed in Texas. Perhaps the people in India just are not ready for a woman boss.

MEXICOAlan Caldwell is a U.S. sales representative in Mexico City. He makes appointments with Senõr Lopez and is careful to be on time, but his host is frequently late. To save time, Alan tries to get right to business, his host wants to talk about sightseeing and about Alan’s family. Even worse, the meetings are interrupted constantly with phone calls, long conversations with other people, and even customers’ children who come into the office. Alan’s first report to his home office is very negative. He hasn’t yet made a sale. Perhaps Mexico just isn’t the right place to do business.

Ethical & Legal Issues in B.Communication.

An Un ethical act would lead to un necessary An Un ethical act would lead to un necessary legal Issues.legal Issues.

Eg. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1986.Eg. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1986. Seven Piece of Valuable advice to the Host Seven Piece of Valuable advice to the Host

Country such as :Country such as : 1. Do no intentional harm to the host country.1. Do no intentional harm to the host country. 2. Produce more good than bad for the host 2. Produce more good than bad for the host

country.country.

Cont…

3. contribute to the host country’s development.3. contribute to the host country’s development. 4. Respect the human rights of employees.4. Respect the human rights of employees. 5. Pay your fair share of Tax5. Pay your fair share of Tax 6. Respect the local Culture and work with it.6. Respect the local Culture and work with it. 7. Cooperate with the local govt. and social 7. Cooperate with the local govt. and social

reforms institutes.reforms institutes.

Cont..

Personal Integrity at the work place.Personal Integrity at the work place. Computer Ethics.Computer Ethics. Participate wholeheartedly in all types of Participate wholeheartedly in all types of

CSR activitiesCSR activities

Mass Communication and Business. Organization should have external RelationsOrganization should have external Relations- Helps in Image BuildingHelps in Image Building- Awareness through Audio- Visual Media.Awareness through Audio- Visual Media.- -Prees Relations-Prees Relations- - Opinion Polls- Opinion Polls- -Internal Public Relations should also be -Internal Public Relations should also be

encouraged.encouraged.