cross cutting strategies climate changeby benoit lebot undp feb 2011 english
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GEF Focal Area & Cross Cutting Strategies
Climate Change Mitigation
GEF Expanded Constituency Workshop Central Africa Constituency
15-17 February, 2011 Hotel Memling, Kinshasa, DRC
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Can we avoid Climate Change?
NO
Can we reduce Climate Change?
YES
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The International Context encouragesclimate change mitigation activities
The Cancun COP 16 confirms the target ofmaintaining global warming below 2 C
Each country to develop National AppropriateMitigation Actions (NAMAs )
The price of conventional energy is high & willcontinue to rise
Role of deforestation understood & accepted
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18%
1%
8%
14%
59%
World Greenhouse Gas Emissions
CH4
N2OF Gas
CO2From
Combustion
CO2FromLUCF
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64%
0%
11%
20% 5%
Mainstreaming CCRM into UNDP Core Activities- RBARR Cluster Meeting
Greenhouse gas emissions in Sub-Sahara countries
CH4
N2O
F Gas
CO2
CO2
FromLUCF
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Source: IPCC AR4, Synthesis Report (shares are for 2004)
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All sectors & regions have the potential to contribute
Note: estimates dont include non-technical options such as lifestyle changes
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The goal of GEF Climate ChangeMitigation is to support countries toward
a low-carbon development path Promote low-carbon technologies
Promote energy efficiency Promote renewable energy Low-carbon urban transport Sustainable management land-use
change, & forestry (LULUCF) Enabling Activities & Capacity Building
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GEF 5 promotes low-carbontechnologies
1.Technologies demonstrated, deployed &transferred
2. Enabling policy environment and mechanisms
Prevision $300 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
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GEF 5 promotes energy efficiency
1. Policy, legal and regulatory frameworks
2. Sustainable financing mechanisms
Prevision $260 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
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GEF 5 promotes renewable energy
1. Policy and regulatory frameworks2. Increased investment in RE technologies
Prevision $320 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
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GEF 5 promotes sustainable urbantransport
1. Legal and regulatory frameworks2. Increased investment in sustainable transport
Prevision $250 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
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GEF 5 promotes the Conservation &enhancement of carbon stocks through
LULUCF
1. Good management practices in LULUCF2. Restoration and enhancement of carbon stocks
in forests and non-forest lands (peatlands)
Prevision $50 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
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GEF 5 supports enabling activities &capacity building
1. National Communications and OtherObligations under the UNFCCC
2. Countries can also receive support forvulnerability & adaptation assessments,capacity building, and technology needsassessments
Prevision $50 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
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GEF CC Mitigation & Carbon Finance(i) capacity building to help create enabling legal & regulatory
environments;
(ii) support of programmatic carbon finance & other activitiesunder the post-2012 climate regime;
(iii)demonstration of technical and financial viabilities oftechnologies;
(iv)partial risk guarantees and contingent financing for carbonfinance projects; and
(v) co-financing of innovative projects, with credits to be retained
in the recipient country for further project replication.
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Features of GEF & CDMGEF CDM
Mandate Financial mechanism ofUNFCCC
Market-based mechanism of KP
Objective To transform the marketstoward less-carbon-intensivepaths
To meet emissions targets for developedcountries and provide finances resources andtechnology for developing countries
Strategy Barrier removal; long-term;catalytic
Project based; focusing on direct emissionsreduction
Modality Upfront grant or concessionalfinancing for agreedincremental costs
Payment on delivery of emissions reduction(to improve project revenue streams)
Projecttype
Preventive measures toreduce/avoid CO2; primarilyRE, EE, and transport projects
End-of-pipe fixes to capture/decomposegases of high GWP (HFC, CH4); relatively fewRE, EE, transport projects
M&V Ex ante estimate; weak
traceability; self-reporting
Rigorous methodology; quantified,
monitored, verified, and certified
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What GEF has supported
GEF creates enabling legal, regulatoryenvironment; CF supports specificprojects.
GEF demonstrates technical andfinancial viability; CF replicates.
GEF provides partial risk guarantees;CF participates in project financing.
GEF provides funding from non-CCfocal areas; CF project earns creditsfrom reduced/avoided emissions.
What GEF has shied away from
o Creation and operation of DNAs
o CDM methodology development
o PIN/PDD development
o CDM project verification andcertification
o (Co-)Financing projects that earnCERs
GEF & CDM: Rule of Thumb in the Past
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Climate Change Mitigation under GEF 5
Focal Area Allocation $1,360 million
Under STAR $1,088 million
Contribution to Sustainable
Forest Management $100 million.
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As Climate Changes, Can We?
Kofi Annan, UN SGWednesday, November 8, 2006
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A
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Thank you for your kind [email protected]
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