crusades overview & urban ii activity (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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The CrusadesA Brief Look
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The Crusades • A series of military campaigns from the 1090s to the 1400s by a variety of European military groups into parts of the Byzantine Empire and Muslim controlled Middle East.
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Why did the CRUSADES begin?
Read Pope Urban II’s speech –
List in your notebook the: “The top 5 reasons” that Christians
should go on a crusade.
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Categorize your five reasons.
What are the political, economic, social, and religious reasons he gives?
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Events that may have led to the Crusades
A Christian Church in Jerusalem was destroyed by the “Caliph” of the region.
Pilgrim routes (to the Holy Land) were closed for a period of time.
The Byzantine Empire was losing territory to Islamic Turks; Byzantine leaders requested assistance from other Christian kingdoms.
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And so they fought . . .
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THE CRUSADES• The Islamic groups holding the regions
of the Middle East were not unified at the time and were “caught off guard” by these invasions.
• Each crusade was different—rarely unified.
• Massacres were committed by Muslim and Christian armies during the wars.
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Crusader KingdomsEventually,
European armies took and held regions in the
Middle East for nearly a century.
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RESULTS of the CRUSADESBECAUSE of several hundred years of
“contacts” with the Byzantine & Islamic regions. Western Europe experienced an:
• Increased desire for “eastern” goods • increased trade connections with the
African and Asian markets.• exposure to Byzantine (Greek) and Islamic
learning, innovation, and technological advancements
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Late Medieval Trade Routes
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RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On the Byzantine Empire• Weakening of the Empire due to the
pillaging of Constantinople and taking of Byzantine lands.
• Severed political and religious connections to Western Europe.
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Siege of Constantinople
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RESULTS of the CRUSADESOn the Islamic groups of the Middle East• Very little change in politics or culture• The Islamic Leader, Saladin, helped
unify Muslim forces and re-conquered most of the Middle East and Anatolia by the 1200s.
• Though crusades continued, Muslims held the “Holy Land”
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