cs 3043 social implications of computing 10/6/2015© 2009 keith a. pray 1 class 12 students present...

CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing

04/21/23 © 2009 Keith A. Pray 1

Class 12Students Present

Keith A. Pray

Instructorsocialimps.keithpray.net


© 2009 Keith A. Pray 204/21/23

Overview

1. Students Present1. Jenn2. Bill3. Jared4. Ravi5. Pat6. Pragathi7. Steve8. Adam

If you expected to present and do not see your name here please see Avani right now.


Body Scanners in Airports

What are they? Why use them? How will they be used? Ethical Implications

Jennifer Wunschel


Body Scanners in AirportsWhat, Why, and How What:

Low intensity X-Rays Considered safe

Why: Prevents smuggling

How: Voluntarily Confidentially

Jennifer Wunschel

Jennifer Wunschel


Body Scanners in AirportsIs this Ethical?

Ethical Deontological

Voluntary Consequentialist

Prevents dangerous attacks

Saves time Avoids offensive pat-

downs

Unethical Deontological

Invasion of privacy Consequentialist

Exposure of medical issues

Long term health effects

Not actually voluntary

Jennifer Wunschel

Jennifer Wunschel


Christopher Calabrese said using the scanners in place of metal detectors "is unquestionably a step in the direction of having these machines be mandatory."

Jennifer Wunschel


7

Artificial Intelligence - Bill

1. Growth of Information technologies

2. Challenges

3. Risks and Rewards

4. Ethics of it all


Growth of Information - Bill technologies Moore’s Law Video game AI

8


Challenges - Bill

Vision recognition Pattern recognition

Learning curve

9


Risks and Rewards - Bill

Terrorist attacks Movie scenarios

10

Planetary exploration medicine


Ethics of it all - Bill

Sentient beings Consequentialism Utilitarianisum

11


© 2009 Keith A. Pray 1204/21/23

Computer Dependency

1. Poll

2. Statistics

3. Ethical Concerns

4. A Solution?

5. Questions

Jared Ingalls


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Computer Dependency: Poll

1. How many people in this room own a car?

2. How many own a computer?1. More than one?

3. How many own a cell phone?1. Do you use it every day?

Jared Ingalls


© 2009 Keith A. Pray 1404/21/23

Computer Dependency: StatsNearly every person indeveloped countriestoday owns a cell phone.

There is one cell phonesubscription for everytwo people in the world.

Source: www.itu.int/

Jared Ingalls

Global Internet Use 1997-2007

Global Cell Phone Use 1997-2007


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Computer Dependency: Ethics

Humans Positive

Adaptable Capable of thinking for

themselves Have instincts, feelings

Negative Can’t process or react as

fast as computers can

Jared Ingalls

Computers Positive

Repetitive tasks Do exactly what they’re

told

Negative Do exactly what they’re

told


What is the Solution?

Responsibility Computers are only as reliable as the people responsible

for them “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”

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Questions?

Jared Ingalls


Recommendation SystemsRavi Singh

Overview

1. What are recommendation systems?

2. Where are they used?

3. The Netflix Contest

4. Concerns

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Three approaches

1. Item Recommendation

2. Personalized Recommendation

3. Social Recommendation

Used in websites such as Amazon, Pandora, Netflix, etc.

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 1904/21/23



Accuracy of predictions

1. Improves over time

2. Requires a lot of user data

Ongoing research in making these systems better. Ex. Netflix Contest

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$1 Million Netflix ContestRavi Singh

Challenge: Improve Netflix recommendation algorithm by 10%

Contest Rules: Share methods to the world describing how it is done

and why it works. Algorithm licensed to Netflix indefinitely.

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Concerns

1. Data Leaks

2. Privacy

3. Accuracy of predictions

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Questions?

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 2304/21/23


ReferencesRavi Singh "$1 million Netflix prize to be awarded soon - CNN.com." CNN.com - Breaking

News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. 04 Oct. 2009 <http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/09/02/netflix.prize/>.

"Netflix Prize: Review Rules." Netflix Prize: Home. 04 Oct. 2009 <http://www.netflixprize.com/rules>.

Netflix: Rent as many movies as you want for only $8.99 a month! Free Trial. 04 Oct. 2009 <http://www.netflix.com/PrivacyPolicy>.

Ott, Katherine. "The Netflix Prize: How Mathematics Can Predict Movies You'll Love." Worceter Polytechnic Institute, Worcester. 23 Sept. 2009.

"UCI Machine Learning Repository: Netflix Prize Data Set." 04 Oct. 2009 <http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Netflix+Prize>.

"Vitaly Shmatikov." Department of Computer Science - The University of Texas at Austin. 04 Oct. 2009 <http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/abstracts.html>.

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 2404/21/23


Self-Parking CarsPatrick Dignan

Prius Lexus LS 460 L BMW 7 Series

© 2009 Patrick Dignan 2504/21/23


How It WorksPatrick Dignan

Driver defines lines for parking area Sensors find car location in relation to parking

area Car steers itself in



How It Works (cont’d)Patrick Dignan

BMW video: http://paultan.org/2006/07/12/bmw-demos-a-self-parking-bmw-730i/

Prius video: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3085477229043932685&ei=5ILKSqeyNobalQf5hMDqBg&q=prius+ipas&hl=en&dur=1#



What it Can ImprovePatrick Dignan

Close-fit parallel parking situations Small garages Taking up multiple spots



IssuesPatrick Dignan

IPAS/APGS can’t detect objects Every program has bugs BMW needs set markers in the parking spot Hitting people Causing accidents



AI in GamesPragathi Balasubramanian

What does it involve? Early AI Games Recent AI Games What are its ethical implications? What are its future implications?

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What does it involve?Pragathi Balasubramanian

Making computers perform tasks that we (humans) normally do – human intelligence

‘Game AI’ – decision making capabilities of computer controlled agents

Better Quality AI = Better Game

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 3104/21/23


Early AI GamesPragathi Balasubramanian

1950’s : Chess & Checkers 1996 : IBM Deep Blue

Defeated by world champion Garry Kasparov (4 wins, 2 losses)

1997 : IBM “Deeper” Blue Defeated Garry Kasparov (3 ½ to 2 ½)

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 3204/21/23


Recent AI GamesPragathi Balasubramanian

The Sims Life – simulation of a “virtual family”

Halo First person shooting game

Left 4 Dead First person shooting game AI technique “The Director”

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 3304/21/23


What are its ethical implications?Pragathi Balasubramanian

Consequentialist/Luddite Better AI games simulate real life, people might like it

more than real life The Sims – practice with real life situation

Utilitarian No direct benefit

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What are its future implications?Pragathi Balasubramanian

Technological Singularity & Pattern Recognition Kasparov lost against Deep Blue Successful use in AI Game, could mean implementation

in real life scenarios

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Wireless SecurityStephen Franceschelli

How Wireless Works Why it’s generally unsafe Ethics of wireless networks

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How Wireless WorksStephen Franceschelli

Packets Similar to network packets Anyone can intercept

Clients listen for packets meant for them WEP, WPA

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Why it’s generally unsafeStephen Franceschelli

WEP is easily brute forced WPA is a bit harder but can still be done MAC address spoofing

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 3804/21/23


Ethics of wireless networksStephen Franceschelli

Insecure networks Secure networks Risk involved in having a wireless network

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GPGPU-Overview

1. What is GPGPU?

2. How does GPGPU work?

3. Why is it so cool?

4. What is the future of GPGPU?

5. Questions

Adam Panzica


What is GPGPU?

GPGPU stands for “General Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units”[1]

GPGPU allows non-graphics related processing to be handled by a GPU[2]

Two primary offerings[3]

CUDA from nVidia Stream from AMD/ATI

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 4104/21/23


How does GPGPU work?

GPU’s are capable of managing thousands of threads simultaneously[4]

High end GPU’s have 240+ cores[5]

Massive Parallel Processing Power[6]

Extremely constrained by SIMD model for divergent tasks [7][8]

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 4204/21/23


Why is GPGPU cool?

Can be used in videogames for physics calculations

nVidia’s PhysX is GPGPU acceleratable [10]

AMD/ATI and Intel are working to make Havok GPGPU acceleratable [11]

Large performance increase per detail level with dedicated PhsyX [12}

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 4304/21/23


Why is GPGPU cool?

Other consumer applications of GPGPU include Photoshop CS4 Badaboom (video encoder) MATLAB

Scientific applications of GPGPU include Physics simulators Biological Protein Simulation (Fold@Home and similar) Astrophysic simulations GPGPU supercomputing

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 4404/21/23


The Future of GPGPU: Fermi

nVidia’s next GPU architecture is called Fermi

16 SMP’s * 32 cores =512 cores Each core handles 2 threads,

giving a total of 1,024 active and 24,756 total threads [13]

Natively supports C, C++, Java and Fortran

Double-precision performance approaching 800 GFLOPS [14]

Power Consumption: ~200W

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 4504/21/23

Fermi SMP block diagram. There are 16 of them per GPU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r17UOMZJbGs


References

[1][2][3][11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPGPU , accessed 10/07/09 [4][5][6][10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUDA , accessed on 10/07/09 [7] http://www.anandtech.com/video/showdoc.aspx?i=2870&p=6 , accessed

on 10/07/09 [8]

http://www.nvidia.com/content/PDF/fermi_white_papers/NVIDIA_Fermi_Compute_Architecture_Whitepaper.pdf, accessed on 10/07/09

[12] http://www.guru3d.com/article/physx-by-nvidia-review/ , accessed on 10/07/09

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCL /, accessed on 10/07/09 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectCompute /, accessed on 10/07/09 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMD /, accessed on 10/07/09

© 2009 Keith A. Pray 4604/21/23

cs 3043 social implications of computing 10/6/2015© 2009 keith a. pray 1 class 12 students present...

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