csec biology excretion

8/4/2019 Csec Biology Excretion

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2/11

Unit 11 Excretion MCQ 11 o PAGE 2 ThinkinPro c7. In a kidney machine, which of the

followingpasses from the blood tothe dialysis fluid?A glucoseB plasma proteinC red blood cellsD urea

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8. The diagram showsthe structures as-sociated with a human kidney.

kidney .>

z vena cavaWhat are the relative concentrationsof urea in X, Y and Z?

X Y ZA high low highB high low lowC low high highD low high low

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9. The diagram represents a dialysismachine (kidney machine).Which substances in the dialysisfluid should be at a lower concentra-tion than in the blood?

A amino acids andglucoseB glucose and saltsC glucose and ureaD salts and urea

blood in

blood outdialysis - _ 1 -f luid in

[J991P1IQ20j

- : ( /MCQ0. Samples ofblood from the renal ar-tery and the renal vein are analysed.What does the blood in the renalartery contain, in comparison withthe blood in the renal vein?A less carbon dioxide and more

ureaB more carbon dioxide and less

ureaC less oxygen and more ureaD more oxygen and less urea

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11. Which substance is present at alower concentration in the renalartery than in the renal vein?A amino acids C glucoseB carbon dioxide D urea

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12. Which substances are found in theglomerular filtrate in the kidneys ofa mammal?

glucose protein saltsA ./ ./ 1B ./ X ./C 1 ./ ./0 1 1 ./key . / = present 1= absent

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4/11

Unit 11 Excretion MCQ 11 0PAGE 4 T h n

21. The diagram shows part of the ex-cretory system of a mammal.

2

3

4 -----tL.What are the numbered structures?

1 2 3 4A bladder ureter kidney urethraB bladder urethra kidney ureterC kidney ureter bladder urethra?D kidney urethra bladder ureter

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22. The diagram shows part of the uri-nary system of a mammal.

What are the structures labelled X,Y and Z?

X y ZA artery vein ureterB artery vein urethraC artery ureter urethraD vein artery ureterE vem ureter urethra

[D931PlIQ18j23. The diagram represents the process

of dialysis in a kidney machine.

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Which substance would not bepresent in the dialysis fluid flowingin?A glucoseB salt

C ureaD water

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24. What happens to blood as it passesthrough a kidney machine?A Carbon dioxide is removed.B Glucose is added.C Oxygen is added.D Urea is removed.

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25. Some of the structures in the excre-tory system are listed.

1 bladder2 ureter3 urethra

In which order does a molecule ofurea pass through these structures?first~last

A 1 2 3B 1 3 2C 2 1 3D 3 1 2

[D03IPlIQ19j

26. How is a working kidney dialysismachine similar to a healthy kidney?A It takes sugar molecules out of

the blood.B It regulates the concentration of

the blood.C It deaminates amino acids to

urea.D It removes large molecules from

the blood.[D03IPlIQ20j

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6/11

Unit 11 Excretion THEORY 11 "PAGE 1 T h inkPro c e

UNIT 11 Excret ionTHEORY Section

Question 1Fig. 5.1 shows a longitudinal section through the abdomen of a person (notall abdominal organs are shown) and some detail of the membrane, R, thatlines the abdominal cavity.

Fig. 5.1(a) On Fig. 5.1, name the structures labelled S, T and U. [3](b) Fig. 5.2 shows a method of dialysis used by patients whose kidneys have

ceased to function.

Fig. 5.2While the fluid is in the abdominal cavity, chemicalscan pass into it fromthe blood in the capillaries, through membrane R.Toprevent useful chemicals leaving the patient's blood,certain chemicalsmay be added to the dialysing fluid before it enters the abdominal cavity.

muscles ofthe abdomen

membranecapillary R

dialysing fluid is pouredinto the abdominal cavityand the opening to tube Vis sealed at L

s .T .u .

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a few hours later, thef luid is drained out andfresh fluid is introduced


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8/11

Unit 11 Excretion THEORY 11 o PAGE 3 T h k

(b) A diagrammatic representation ofa kidney dialysis machine is shown below: COMMENT o n ANSPump(to drive bloodthrough thedialysismachine)

Cel loph anetub e

----.Bloodfrom artery

!Dialysisfluidoutloodreturntovein============~============:Z~.E:~==~~Dialysis tfluid in Dialysis machine

In the dialysis unit of the kidney dialysis machine, the patient's blood inthe coiledcellophane tubule is bathed in a sterile dialysis fluid which collectsthe waste molecules. The cellophane tubule acts as a semi-permeable mem-brane which allows small molecules of substances to diffuse through andprevents the passage of blood cells and large proteins. The dialysis fluidcontains a carefully regulated amount of dissolved salts and glucose with acomposition similar to the blood plasma (without nitrogeneous waste).A concentration gradient is set up and nitrogeneous wastes, excess mineralsalts and other toxins diffuse from patients bloodacross the cellophane intothe dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid is changed regularly to remove the wastesubstances and to maintain the diffusion gradient between the patient's bloodand the dialysis fluid. The patient's bloodis led froman artery in his forearmthrough the coiledcellophane tube in the dialysis machine and then re-entersthe body via a vein in the same arm. The blood is prevented from clottingin the machine by addition of an anti-clotting chemical. The temperature ofthe dialysis fluid is maintained at body temperature.

(c) Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products which are formed inchemical reactions in the cells.Removal of faeces (defaecation) is the removal of undigested or indigestiblesubstances from the alimentary canal through the anus. Since faecal matteris not produced by metabolism, removal of faeces cannot be considered asexcretion.

Question 3Explain how the blood system carries a named waste product from the liverto the kidneys. [4]

[D951P21Ql0bJ

SolutionUrea is producedin the liver during the deamination ofamino acids. Itis carriedin the blood as a dissolved substance in the plasma. It is carried in the renalartery to the kidney.


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10/11

Unit 11 E xcr e t i on THEORY 11 0PAGE 5

(d) (i) The concentration of urea in the urine would increase. This is becausemeat contains a large proportion of proteins, which are broken down toamino acids in the small intestine. Excess amino acids are deaminatedin the liver and converted to ammonia and then to urea. The urea istransported to the kidneys to be removed in the urine.

(ii) The concentration of glucose would increase. Without sufficient insulin,glucose cannot be converted to glycogen for storage, or utilised by thetissue cells in tissue respiration. The blood glucose concentration risesand some glucose is subsequently lost in the urine.

Question 5(a) Define the term excretion. [2](b) What part is played in excretion by (i) the lungs, and (ii) the kidneys?

[5](c) Explain how a kidney machine helps a person whose kidneys have ceased

to function. [5][J941 P21Q8]

Solution(a) Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste products (e.g. urea, carbon

dioxide and water) are removed from the body of an organism.(b) (i) The lungs excrete carbon dioxide and water vapour from the body in the

expired air.(ii) The kidneys excrete excess mineral salts, nitrogenous waste products

(urea, creatinine and uric acid) and excess water in the urine.(c) Blood is drawn from an artery in the patient's arm and is allowed to flow

through the tubing in the dialysis machine. The tubing, which has selectivelypermeable walls, is bathed in a specially controlled dialysis fluid. Urea andother waste products diffuse out of the tubings into the dialysis fluid. Thefiltered blood is then returned to a vein in the patient's arm. In this way,the dialysis machine acts as a substitute kidney and helps remove wasteproducts which would otherwise have accumulated in the body.

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csec biology excretion

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