CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF KUSHANSProgress of Literature: Great patrons of learning and literatre Man! s"#olars of Sans$rit langage %ere patroni&ed Ks#ans ' foreigners (( )ade sans$rit as state langage Created "ongenial at)osp#ere of ro!al patronage for t#e prod"tion of Sans$rit literatre Ins"ription also %ritten in Sans$rit As#*agos#a+ ,ioneer of literar! a%a$ening' greatest s"#olar of ti)e of Kanis#$a (( %ell *ersed in p#ilosop#!- )si"- literatre- religion and de.ate ++ o%ing to #is *ersatile a.ilities / t# 0dd#ist "on"il %as #eld in Kas#)irdring t#e reign of Kanis#$a 0oo$s of As#*agos#a ' 0dd#a"#arit#a- Sandaranand- Sariptra ,ra$arana- Va1ras"#i 0dd#a"#arit#a ' i)p poeti" "o)position of 0dd#is)Nagarjuna: Great s"#olar and p#ilosop#er Kno%n as t#e .est e2ponent of 3Ma#a!anis)4 or ne% t#eor! of 0dd#is) 0oo$ ' 3,ra1na ,ar)ita Stra4 (( ni5e .oo$ on p#ilosop#! and s"ien"e E2plained 3T#eor! of relati*it!4+ "alled as 3Indian Einstein4Vasumitra:Vas)itra ' 0dd#ist t#eologistKanis#$a "on*ened t#e /t# .dd#ist "on"il nder t#e presidents#ip of Vas)itraCo)piled 3Ma#a*i.#asa S#astra4 ' *ala.le .oo$ on 0dd#ist p#ilosop#! Charak: C#ara$ ' repted ro!al p#!si"ian in t#e "ort of Kanis#$a Cele.rated at#or of A!r*edi" s"ien"e 0oo$ ' 3C#ara$ sa)#it#a4+ ni5e %or$ on A!r*edi" s"ien"eReligion: Follo%ed t#e poli"! of religios toleration ,eople attained religios freedo) E).ra"e an! religion a""ording to t#eir o%n %ill Kanis#$a e).ra"ed 0dd#is) ( ga*e ro!al patronage to 3Ma#a!ana 0dd#is)4 Ne*er "o)pelled an!.od! to follo% an! parti"lar se"t Most i)portant e*ent ' 0irt# of Ma#a!anis) (( Re)ar$a.le "#ange in t#e fnda)ental prin"iples of 0dd#is) ,eople )ade states of 0dd#a and %ors#ipped #i) as God 0dd#is) spread to foreign "ontries ' C#ina- Ti.et- 6apan- Central Asia Ks#an period ' Era of religios a%a$ening Re)ar$a.le progress in t#e do)ain of religionDevelopment of Art: Great patrons of Art Kanis#$a ' $een interest in t#e art of ar"#ite"tre Laid fondations of t#e to%ns ' ,rs#pr- Kanis#$apr 0eatifl .ildings and *i#aras Al.erni ' *er! )"# in7en"ed to see t#e *i#ara Stpas and Vi#aras %ere .ilt .! Ks#an rlers in a large n).er (( spported .! Hien Tsang The Gandhara !hool of !ulpture: Most signi8"ant featre of Ks#an period Main "entre of Art ' territor! of Gand#ara ++ N9 frontier (( "alled as Gand#ara s"#ool of artMa#a!anis) (( responsi.le for t#e gro%t# of t#is art Main t#e)e of Gand#ara Art ' Ma#a!anis) Gand#ara art ' li*el! "o))entar! on t#e life and deeds of Lord 0dd#a "ther Contri#utions: T#e great to%er at ,es#a%ar /:: ft #ig# %as "#ie7! )ade of %ood and "onstr"ted nder t#e sper*ision of a Gree$ engineer Agesilaos Kanis#$a .ilt a to%er near Ta2ila I)ages of 0od#isatt*as .egan to .e ere"ted in Gand#ara st!le At Mat#ra- %e #a*e a #eadless i)age of Kanis#$a in %#i"# #e is representedin t#e nifor) of a %arrior