traditional approach to teaching literature

learners have to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.

represents the possibility Literature brings into the picture as regards the understanding and appreciation of different cultures and ideologies together with the developing of one’s perception of feelings and artistic forms.

Pros and Cons Pros

- encourage learners to understand different cultures and ideologies in relation to their own

- appreciation of different cultures and ideologies

- get an idea of the contemporary or historical way of life where the story is taking place and thus develop insight into the country that speaks the language they are learning

- An efferent reading focuses on descriptions of landscape, weather, architecture, decoration, dress, customs and traditions, among other things, which enhance vocabulary, language, and a cultural insight

Cons

- largely rejected by those in TEFL since not only tend to be teacher-centered but there is little opportunity for extended language work.

- efferent reading keeps the students alienated from the text and language

- missing the intertextual references the literary work

Example : Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde

- Students will develop the image of the story by themselves based on the teacher’s explanation.

Eg : - Social, most of the characters in this story have a respectful jobs such as doctor (Dr. Jekyll), physician (Dr. Lanyon) & lawyer (Mr. Utterson).

-Upper class society does not gossip among themselves as much as the working and lower class society do.

Eg: Mr. Utterson feel ashamed of his inappropriate manner of gossiping about Dr. Jekyll to Richard.

Pg 9 “Here is another lesson to say nothing,” said he. “I am ashamed of my long tongue. Let us make a bargain never to refer to this again.”

- Historical, 19th century (pre-industrial revolution era).