cultural stud

8/9/2019 cultural stud

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JapanCultural studies


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Geography

The Japanese islands are covered by mountains,most of them heavily forested, and crisscrossedby short, swift rivers.

About 70% to 80% of the country is forested.About !% of the land are suited for a"ricultureand the same land is suitable for livin".

#arth$uaes are very often because it issurrounded by the &aci'c ocean


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Climate

Althou"h its topo"raphy creates di(culties, itsclimate is more benevolent.

The Japanese islands are for the most part in thetemperate )one.

contrast between winters on the coast facin" the*ea of Japan, called Japan+s snow country.


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Religion

*hintoand uddhismare Japan+s two ma/orreli"ions. They have been coe1istin" for severalcenturies and have even complemented eachother to a certain de"ree. 2ost Japanese consider

themselves uddhist, *hintoist or both.
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2056.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2055.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2055.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2056.html


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Architecture

Japanese houses have thin walls because of themild climateand overlappin", slanted, and sli"htlycurved roofs because of the fact that there isplenty of rain especially durin" early summer.

Timber is the traditional buildin" material forJapanese houses. 3t maes them airy which isimportant durin" the humid summer months. Thedisadvanta"es are that the houses can be

dama"ed easily by earth$uaesand 'res.4owadays, concrete and steel are, of course,widely used as well.
http://www.japan-guide.com/list/e1000.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2116.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2116.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/list/e1000.html


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Martial arts

5arate the empty hand

5endo the sword

5yudo the bow *umo is sometimes considered Japan+s national

sport and is one of its most popular.


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Demography

Population:6,8,97 :as of 2ay 600!;Japan is the 0th most populated country in theworld.


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Language

Language:JapaneseJapan+s o(cial lan"ua"e is Japanese, and about% of the population speas Japanese as their'rst lan"ua"e. 2ost public and private schools

re$uire students to tae courses in both Japaneseand #n"lish.


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Education

since


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Japanese Wedding

*prin" and autumn are the favorite seasons forJapanese weddin"s. =n certain days, which areconsidered auspicious in the Japanese almanac,there may be as many as forty couples united in

Japanese weddin"s at a *hinto shrine.


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Culture, traditions andcustoms

*ince the Japanese strive for harmony andare "roup dependent, they rely on faciale1pression, tone of voice and posture to tellthem what someone feels.

They often trust nonverbal messa"es morethan the spoen word as words can haveseveral meanin"s.

3t is considered disrespectful to stare intoanother person+s eyes, particularly those of aperson who is senior to you because of a"e orstatus.

The oldest person in a "roup is always


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ood

A bowl of plain cooed rice is served with mostJapanese meals. >or breafast, it is sometimesmi1ed with a raw e"" and soya sauce
http://www.japan-guide.com/topic/0007.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2045.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2045.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/topic/0007.html


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Rituals and practice Japanese tea ceremony3t is aJapanese culturalactivity involvin" the

ceremonial preparation and presentation ofmatcha, powdered "reen tea.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Japan


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Relationships ! Communication

The Japanese prefer to do business on the basis ofpersonal relationships.

3n "eneral, bein" introduced or recommended bysomeone who already has a "ood relationship

with the company is e1tremely helpful as it allowsthe Japanese to now how to place you in ahierarchy relative to themselves.

=ne way to build and maintain relationships iswith "reetin"s ? seasonal cards.

3t is best to telephone for an appointment ratherthan send a letter, fa1 or email.


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PR e"perience

The metro station.

ecause of local people@s fast life pace, the speedof escalators in metro stations was much fasterthan that of other places. To remind passen"ers tohold the handrails and stand 'rm, there was apicture of a pen"uin called idin"din" holdin" thehandrails on an escalator. idin"din" can beinterpreted as a pen"uin while it literally means

standstill in Cantonese. This &B tactic used cleverremar for safety tips and can be especiallyeective when tar"etin" at children who loveanimated characters.


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Pu#lic relations in Japan

3n Japan, the primary model of public relations usedis the personal inDuence model. 3t is widely usedbecause the culture re$uires that businesspartners build stable relationships by

communicatin" with them in informal settin"s.Another term to help public relations practitionersworin" in Japan is giri. This term means thethin"s people must do or the correct way of

behavior for smooth social life. 3f forei"npractitioners are to do well in Japanese businesssettin"s, they must obey these rules.


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Media outlets

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=T=>K=2# AIH#BT3*34F Commuter rail is the primary way that worers

commute in ma/or cities in Japan.


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PhilippinesCultural $tudies


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Geography

&hilippines is located in *outheast Asia.

The &hilippines is divided into three main "eo"raphicareasL Mu)on, Hisayas and 2indanao.

2anila is the capital.

&hilippines comprises of 7,07 islands. Topo"raphy ofthe islands is mostly mountainous with narrow to lar"ecoastal lowlands.

Kas problems of deforestation, soil and water pollution.

Kas problem of air pollution because of lar"e populationin urban centers.

4oteL 3mportant destination of =utsourcin"


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Demographics

Population of the country:

0,899,98 :July 60 est.;

Population growth rate:

.09% :60 est.; Birth rate:

6!.9< births?,000 population :60 est.;

Mortality rate:

!.06 deaths?,000 population :July 60 est.;


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Miteracy rateLde'nitionL a"e ! and over can read and writetotal populationL 6.%maleL 6.!%femaleL 6.7% :6000 census;


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Climatic Conditions

&hilippines has the Tropical Rainforest Climate allover the country.

*omerainfall is e1pected every month but it@sDuctuatin" throu"hout the year.

Two main characteristics of climate areL

Ki"h temperatures

Ki"h atmospheric humidity


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Typhoons

&resence of stron" typhoons. The Eestern &aci'ctyphoons occur in the period June4ovember.

The monsoon is a rainy wind comin" from

southwest, trade wind comin" from northeastmostly in the month of Iecember2ay.


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Culture, %raditions andCustoms

The nited *tates coloni)ed

the &hilippines from 88 to ilipino culture, customs and traditions.


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Mannerisms

Kospitality is the another aspect of their culture.

elieves in true friendship.

Always willin" to help forei"ners and others.

*harin" and =erin" others is their $uality.


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Religion

3n &hilippines there is appro1imately 8!%Christians :Boman Catholic;, 0% 2uslims and !%other reli"ion.

=nly one predominantly Christian country in all of

Asia.


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Language

>ilipino is the national lan"ua"e.

*panish was the o(cial lan"ua"e for 900 yearswhen *paniards coloni)ed &hilippines.

#n"lish are the o(cial lan"ua"e for education and"overnment.


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ood

&hilippines cuisine is a blend

of 2alay, *panish and Chinese

cultures.

Coconutis the importantcomponent in >ilipino dishes.

Coconutalso used in preparin"

desserts lie bibin"a, etc.

Kowever, riceis the staplefood of &hilippines.

Porkis the most popular meat.


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Rituals and Practice

>ilipinos believes in stars before doin" auspicioustass.

Amon" 3"orot tribes, some stars must be in linewith the moon before important events lie

huntin", battles, sacri'ces, etc.

Iurin" #aster, Boman Catholics mae a march onFood >riday to atone for their sins.


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Rituals and Practice

They believed that amulets:ob/ect worn aroundnec to protect themselves; nown as antin"antin" "ave the possessor the super powers andprotect them from iron weapons.

The belief in any ritual is that, there e1ists adelicate balance between nature and man and thespirit world.

Bituals e1pressed throu"h dance :symbol;.


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&a#its

>ood KabitsL They love to eat. They are

strict about their meal timin"s. They are "enerous

too in oerin" to others.

*tudy KabitsL &ositive attitude towardslearnin" and "ood reasonin" sills.

*hoppin" KabitsL Eiser purchasin"

habits:comparison;. &rioriti)e beauty and

health products.

The &ersonal >inance KabitsL *avin" habits,

Beliance on health insurance.


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Clothes

Barong Tagalog is the upper "arment and thetypical formal men@s wear in &hilippines.

Ternois the traditional dress for women.


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%ransport

Tricycles, 2ulticabs are used for

short distances :desired place;.

Jeepneys is used for short

and lon" distances. 3n bi" cities, lie Cebu or 2anila

jeepney is used for transportation.

uses and ta1is are available too.


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Media

3n the country, private media communicationnetwors outnumber their "overnmentcounterparts.

The structural order of private sector in

broadcastin", &B, advertisin" and print is imposedthrou"h trade or"ani)ations.

4ormal, print media :6< dailies;, television cables,radio :operated by civic and political or".,

2a"a)ines, etc.


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Communication

>ilipinos always try to remain calm

and control their emotions.

Their e1pressin" an"er, ne"ativity or publicembarrassment results in loss of face.

Avoid causin" embarrassment or oence whiledealin".

4ormally, avoid direct re/ection, disa"reement,especially when superior is involved.

Froup Moyalty is important.

Cordial personal relationship.


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Pu#lic Relations

&B in &hilippines blossomed mainly after 2anila :capital;came into e1istence from Japanese occupation.

*udden rise in business sections and pa"es.

Jose A.Carpio is the >ather of &hilippine &B and also

>ounder of &B*&. >ilipino &B practitioners understood the importance that

strate"ic "overnment &B creates awareness amon"people and also builds "ood ima"e.

&B*& would help the country to do its &B throu"h

seminars, trainin" pro"rams, networin", contacts andpublications.

Accordin" to Culbertson and Chen, its self propelled,dynamic and professional.

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