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S P E C I A L S E R V I C E F O R G R O U P S , I N C .P R E S E N T E R S

T R A N G H O A N G , L C S W , P H DK A R E N C H E N G L I M , P S Y D

S H E I L A W U , P H D

O C T O B E R 2 3 , 2 0 1 8

Culturallly Competent Services for Asian American & Pacific Islanders

T R A N G H O A N G , L C S W , P H . D .D I R E C T O R

S S G / A L L I A N C E

Engagement Strategies with AAPI Children & Families

1 ) P r o v i d e d e m o g r a p h i c s f o r l o c a l A A P I c o m m u n i t i e s i n c l u d i n g b a r r i e r s t o s e r v i c e a c c e s s a n d u t i l i z a t i o n .

2 ) H i g h l i g h t d e m o n s t r a t e d m o d e l s o f e n g a g e m e n t , p r e v e n t i o n , e a r l y i n t e r v e n t i o n a n d c r i s i s r e s p o n s e f o r a d u l t a n d o l d e r a d u l t s

3 ) H i g h l i g h t s t r a t e g i e s o f e n g a g e m e n t a n d i n t e r v e n t i o n w i t h c h i l d r e n a n d f a m i l i e s i n t h e d i v e r s e A A P I c o m m u n i t i e s

4 ) H i g h l i g h t w e l l n e s s p r a c t i c e a n d s t r a t e g i e s f o r m o b i l i z a t i o n a n d e m p o w e r m e n t f o r w e l l n e s s i n t h e A A P I c o m m u n i t i e s

5 ) D i s c u s s I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f C o m m u n i t y D e f i n e d P r a c t i c e f o r A A P I - C a r i n g f o r O u r F a m i l y

6 ) D i s c u s s i o n : l e s s o n s l e a r n e d a n d i m p l i c a t i o n s f o r r i v e r s i d e c o u n t y

Objectives

•T h e r e a r e 1 9 . 6 m i l l i o n s A P I s i n t h e U S

• T h e r e a r e 6 . 1 m i l l i o n s A P I s i n C a l i f o r n i a

•T h e r e a r e 2 . 1 3 m i l l i o n s A P I s i n L o s A n g e l e s , C A

•S i n c e 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 1 0 , A P I c o m m u n i t i e s h a v e b e e n i n c r e a s i n g a t 4 6 % g r o w t h r a t e

S o u r c e : U . S . C e n s u s B u r e a u , 2 0 1 0

AAPI in the US

F I L I P I N O

C H I N E S E

V I E T N A M E S E

K O R E A N

A S I A N I N D I A N

P A C I F I C I S L A N D E R

O T H E R

“ O T H E R ” I N C L U D E S E T H N I C G R O U P S N U M B E R I N G L E S S T H A N 1 0 , 0 0 0 E A C HB A N G L A D E S H I , B H U T A N E S E , B U R M E S E , C A M B O D I A N , H M O N G , I N D O N E S I A N , J A P A N E S E , L A O T I A N ,

M A L A Y S I A N , N E P A L E S E , P A K I S T A N I , S R I L A N K A , T A I W A N E S E , T H A I

S O U R C E : U . S . C E N S U S B U R E A U , 2 0 1 0

Asian Pacific Islanders in Riverside County

• R o l e o f c u l t u r e i n p e r c e p t i o n o f i l l n e s s a n d h e l p - s e e k i n g b e h a v i o r

• C o m m u n i t y a w a r e n e s s , m o b i l i z a t i o n , a n d r e s p o n s i v e n e s s

•T h e p u b l i c h e a l t h s y s t e m h a s r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s w h i c h p r e s e n t a s e t o f b a r r i e r s - i s s u e s o f b i l l i n g , t r a i n i n g , e v i d e n c e b a s e d m o d e l , d i a g n o s i s , a s s e s s m e n t ,

• T h e i n t e g r a t i o n o f t h r e e s e r v i c e s y s t e m s ( b e h a v i o r a l , m e d i c a l a n d s u b s t a n c e a b u s e ) p r e s e n t e d c h a l l e n g e s f r o m b a s i c d e f i n i t i o n s t h a t d i f f e r e d f r o m s y s t e m t o s y s t e m t o l e v e l s o f c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y.

•

Challenges & Barriers to Access and Service Utilization

• L a n g u a g e • T r a n s p o r t a t i o n & f i e l d b a s e d s e r v i c e s• F i n a n c i a l & c o n c r e t e s u p p o r t• S t i g m a & c u l t u r a l c o n c e p t o f h e a l t h , m e n t a l h e a l t h

& w e l l n e s s• O u t r e a c h t i m e f r a m e• E a r l y d e t e c t i o n & p s y c h o e d u c a t i o n• T o d i a g n o s e o r n o t t o d i a g n o s e – i m p l i c a t i o n• P r a c t i c e m o d e l s – l i v i n g w e l l , M H f i r s t a i d ,

m o t i v a t i o n a l i n t e r v i e w i n g , s e e k i n g s a f e t y , c a s e m a n a g e m e n t , p r o b l e m - s o l v i n g

Strategies for Engagement & Prevention, Early Intervention

• C r i s i s r e s p o n s e & s u p p o r t – i n d i v i d u a l & f a m i l i e s• L e v e l s o f c a r e : a c u t e , s u b a c u t e , m a i n t e n a n c e &

r e c o v e r y• C o m m u n i t y b a s e d s e r v i c e s : r o l e o f s e r v i c e p r o v i d e r s

a n d f a m i l i e s• C o m m u n i t y r e - i n t e g r a t i o n : d e f i n i n g c o m m u n i t y o f c a r e• D e v e l o p i n g r e s o u r c e s a n d m a i n t a i n i n g c o n t i n u i t y o f

c a r e – t r a n s i t i o n b e t w e e n p r o v i d e r s• D e f i n i n g r e c o v e r y• E x a m p l e s : i n t e g r a t e d c a r e , F S P , R R R , P E I

Strategies – Crisis response & Continuum of Care

K A R E N L I M , P S Y . D .P R O G R A M D I R E C T O R

S S G / A P C T CC H I L D R E N A N D F A M I L Y S E R V I C E S

Engagement Strategies with AAPI Children & Families

INDIV IDUAL & FAMILY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY OUTREACH & ENGAGEMENT

COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS

Levels & Strategies of Engagement

1 . Ongoing vs . one- t ime engagement May be needed to bu i ld t rus t and address s t igma

2 . B i l ingual and b icu l tura l s ta f f3 . Ref rame serv ices in cu l tura l ly acceptab le terms

Explain how services could help improve academic functioning, employment, harmony in the family.

4 . Parent or peer suppor t spec ia l is ts in the team Connec t w i th consumers /paren ts on ano ther leve l

to dec rease s t igma, d i s t rus t , res is tance

Individual & Family Engagement

1 . Hea l th C l in ics /PCPsAAPIs may t rus t & respond be t te r to the i r doc to rs ’ recommendat ion / re fe r ra l to MH serv ices .Examples o f pa r tne rsh ips : A F i l i p ino ped ia t r i c ian has a d i rec t l i ne to our

F i l i p ino the rap is t fo r re fe r ra ls

Par tnersh ip w i th F i l i p ino doc to r / researcher to imp lement Inc red ib le Years ( IY ) pa ren t g roups w i th F i l i p inos a t F i l i p ino churches & language schoo ls

Community Outreach & Engagement

2 . Loca l l ibrar ies Out reach & d rop- in consu l ta t ion a t the l i b ra ry

dur ing ch i ld ren ’s s to ry t ime

Conduc t b r ie f pa ren t workshops w i th concur ren t ch i ld ren ’s p lay g roup . Paren t ing top ics such as pos i t i ve a t ten t ion , manag ing tan t rums, e f fec t i ve d isc ip l i ne .


3 . Publ ic & Char ter Schools MOU/par tnersh ips w i th schoo l d i s t r i c t s to

p rov ide schoo l -based menta l hea l th se rv i ces Address access , t ranspor ta t ion bar r ie rs &

s t igma

Serv ices -assessment , i nd iv idua l , fami l y, g roup the rapy, pa r t i c ipa t ion in s tuden t ’s IEP, c lass room observa t ions , co l labora t ion w / teachers


3 . Publ ic & Char ter Schools

Par t i c ipa te in schoo l resource fa i r s to fu r the r engage the commun i ty

Oppor tun i t i es to conduc t workshops to paren ts , teachers and s tuden ts re la ted to menta l hea l th /we l l -be ing , subs tance use , e tc .


4 . As ian Language Schools & Af ter School ProgramsBu i ld re la t ionsh ips to es tab l i sh a re fe r ra l

sys tem.

Oppor tun i t i es to conduc t workshops to paren ts , teachers and s tuden ts re la ted to paren t ing , men ta l we l l -be ing , e tc . (Ex : Inc red ib le Years paren t ing g roup a t a F i l i p ino cu l tu ra l / l anguage schoo l )


5 . DCFS Bu i ld re la t ionsh ips and f requen t con tac ts w i th

API DCFS soc ia l workers to remind o f ava i lab le se rv i ces & capac i t y

Col labora te w i th DCFS API Program leadersh ip

Par t i c ipa te in Team Dec is ion Mak ing (TDM) and Ch i ld Fami l y Team (CFT) meet ings


6 . Fa i th -Based Organizat ions (Churches , temples) Bu i ld re la t ionsh ips w i th fa i th leaders

Oppor tun i t i es to conduc t workshops in a non-s t igmat i z ing loca t ion , on top ics such as ch i ld abuse repor t ing ( fo r church s ta f f ) , pa ren t ing , p romot ing se l f -es teem & pos i t i ve peer re la t ions ( fo r you th )

Commun i ty ou t reach dur ing re l i g ious fes t i va ls & ho l idays (e .g . , Khmer New Year )


Child Abuse Prevention & Reporting Workshop for church leaders and staff

7 . Non- t rad i t iona l ac t iv i t iesPrevention activities that are culturally congruent, build resiliency and social connections among AAPIs

Yoga, Tai Chi classesESL classes for Korean parents/caregivers (taught by bilingual

Korean teacher, focused on parent-child communication)Multi-family field tripsHoliday-themed parent-child activities (Ex. Chinese lantern-

making, pumpkin decorating)


8 . MEDIA OUTREACH Utilize different media outlets to increase awareness of API

community needs and projects Example: Asian Foster Family Initiative (AFFI)

- to increase awareness of the need for and to recruit more AAPI resource/foster families

• Press releases to Asian media• Asian media coverage of Information Sessions• Asian newspaper articles and TV/radio promotion• Asian TV interviews about AFFI


8 . MEDIA OUTREACH Utilize different media outlets to increase awareness about

mental health and resources, and address MH stigma Examples:

• PSAs in various Asian media – TV, radio, internet• Chinese & Khmer radio show on mental health• Posters & billboard in the community about API mental

health resources


N E V E R L E A V E Y O U R C H I L D I N T H E C A R A L O N E ( P A R T 1 )H T T P S : / / W W W . Y O U T U B E . C O M / W A T C H ? V = Y E I 5 L X 2 L D G 0 & F E A T

U R E = Y O U T U . B E

N E V E R L E A V E Y O U R C H I L D I N T H E C A R A L O N E ( P A R T 2 )H T T P S : / / W W W . Y O U T U B E . C O M / W A T C H ? V = U Q 7 A C C I K K R K

PSA Video

Col laborat ion wi th var ious API soc ia l serv ice & behaviora l hea l th agencies throughout LA County: Leverage & maximize resources & expertise DCFS-Funded Prevention Programs (serving 11 ethnic grps, 12

API languages/dialects)1. LA Countywide API Prevention & Aftercare Service (10 agencies)2. LA Countywide API Child Abuse Prevention, Intervention &

Treatment (8 agencies)

Collaborative Networks

Collaboration with various API social service & behavioral health agencies throughout LA County:

DMH-Funded Program/Services 1.LA Countywide - API Child Full Service Partnership/FSP (3 agencies,

serving 6 ethnic groups, 8 API languages/dialects)2.Prevention & Early Intervention (PEI) Community Outreach Service

(4 agencies, 8 API languages/dialects)

Collaborative Networks

S H E I L A W U , P H . D .D I R E C T O R

S S G - A P C T C

Implementation of Community Defined Practice for AAPI

33

Development and ImplementationCaring for Our Family

Family Connections LA ModelOverview

34

DeveloperDiane DePanfilis, MSW, Ph.D.

Professor and Associate Dean for research at the University of Maryland School of Social Work. Director of the Ruth H. Young Center for

Families and ChildrenPrincipal Investigator of research for

Family Connections. Principal Investigator for the Atlantic

Coast Child Welfare Implementation Center, which partners with state and tribal child welfare agencies to implement systems change improving lives of children, youth and families.

New York Child Welfare – Child Maltreatment Prevention ProgramNew York City Department of Mental

Health

35

Year Milestone 1996‐2002

Five year demonstration – US Department of Health & Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse & Neglect

1999‐2000

Testing FC adaptation targeting reunification when children placed in foster care – Baltimore City Department of Social Services

1999‐2002

Family Connections’ family strengthening initiative – US DHHS, Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

2003 ‐2009

Selected as “demonstrated effective program” by US DHHS, Office on Child Abuse & Neglect; federal replication funding for 8 sites (CA‐2, MD, MI, TN, TX‐2, WV); adaption with kinship caregivers

2007 SAMHSA award to develop Family Informed Trauma Treatment (FITT) Center; Trauma Adapted Family Connections (TA‐FC) developed

2008‐2009

Rated as a promising practice – CA Evidence‐Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare & the Pew Charitable Trust report; Special Issue of Protecting Children; JBA preliminary cross‐site findings presented

2010‐2012

Replications in CO, MD, NM, NJ, NV, TX, LA; development of SAFE‐FC as a demonstration project in Washoe County, NV; NYC ACS selects FC as an evidence‐based model for conversion of General Preventive and Family Treatment/Rehabilitation programs services

Milestone (continued)36

2012 James Bell Associates (JBA) cross site replication evaluation report release

2013 Replication by nine preventive service programs in NYC in the Bronx, East Harlem, lower Manhattan, and Brooklyn

2014 Replication in Central Florida by two Community Based organizations and their provider agencies, implementation in a new site in south Texas via CBCAP funding; expansion to 4 additional sites in Texas via an agency endowment

2015 Replication of Trauma Adapted Family Connections (TA‐FC) in Cleveland

Eight Replication Sites

37

1. SSG/APCTC – Los Angeles, CA2. Black Family Development – Detroit, MI3. Child and Family Tennessee – Knoxville, TN4. Children’s Institute – Los Angeles, CA5. DePelchin Children’s Center – Houston, TX6. Respite Care of San Antonio – San Antonio, TX7. University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD8. Youth Health Service – Elkins, West Virginia

Family Connections CFOF Fidelity Criteria

38

1. Philosophical principles2. Program structure3. Administrative activities4. Professional development activities5. Research activities

1. Philosophical Principles

39

Ecological developmental framework

Community outreach

Family assessment & tailored intervention

Helping alliance with family

Empowerment/strengths based

Cultural competence

Outcome-driven service plans

Focus on the practitioner

2. Program Structure

40

FC/CFOF screening inclusion criteria

1 business day response at intake

At least 1 hr weekly service visits

Comprehensive family assessment with clinical assessment instruments to target and tailor intervention

Outcome driven service plans

Services designed to increase protective & decrease risk factors

Evaluates change over time

3. Program Administration

41

Tailors the intervention manual to the target population

Establishes safety policies for practitioners related to work in the community

Quality assurance procedures

Risk management procedures

Tracks time units of services

4. Professional Development

42Professional workforce

Orientation, training, and reinforcement of intervention manual

Weekly supervision

Organizational culture reinforcing FC principles

Individualized training and methods to reinforce correctly implementing the model as intended

5. Research and Evaluation

43

Use of a logic model

Measures change over time

Documentation of the process of intervention

Implements strategies that document the process of implementation and the service delivery process

Original Logic Model - Family Connections

Inputs

Diverse Funding

Eligibility Criteria and

Referral Procedures

TrainedStaff

ProgramObjectives

Intermediate Outputs

Emergency Assistance

Comprehensive FamilyAssessment

Service Plan Development

Direct Counseling Services

Advocacy

Final

Outputs

Number offamilies

who complete services

Short-Term/ Intermediate Outcomes

Increase Protective Factors

• Parenting Attitudes• Parenting Satisfaction• Social Support

Decrease Risk Factors

• Everyday Stress• Parental Stress• Parental Depression

Long-Term Outcomes

Increase childsafety

Improve childbehavior

Intervention Manual

45

Adapted with permission from the University of Maryland School of Social Work Ruth H. Young Center for Families and Children, Family Connections Program © 2003, University of Maryland, Baltimore

Principal Author: Diane DePanfilis, ProfessorUniversity of Maryland School of Social WorkDirector, Ruth H. young Center for Families & Children-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Acknowledgements:Contributors to the Family Connections intervention manual include: Esta Glazer-Semmel, Michelle Farr, Gisele Ferretto, Fred Strieder, and Melissa McDermott-Lane.

The principal contributor to the Caring for Our Family version of this manual:Sheila Wu, Assistant DirectorAsian Pacific Counseling and Treatment CentersSpecial Service for GroupsLos Angeles, CACFOF is a community based intervention project supported through funds from California Mental Health Services Act’s (MHSA) Prevention and Early Intervention (PEI) program.

Multi-modal intervention: Individualized services geared to increase protective factors and decrease risk factors.

Practitioners use an Intervention manual to guide & tailor service delivery.

Intervention Manual specifies Theory Practice Principles Process (outreach, engagement,

assessment, planning, tailored outcome driven case plans, intervention strategies, methods for evaluating change).

Core Intervention Services

46

• Outreach• Intake & screening• Crisis intervention• Emergency-concrete services• Comprehensive Family

Assessment• Outcomes based service

planning

Multi-modal tailored intervention Individual & family

counseling Advocacy & service

facilitation Case management

Evaluation over time & at case closure

Initial Intervention Research Question

47

Does length of services affect change over time in:

• risk factors?• protective factors?• child safety or well-being

outcomes?

Intervention: Random Assignment

48

3-Month In tervent ion Emergency assistance Home based counseling

services Family AssessmentOutcome driven service

plans Service Referrals

Service coordination and facilitation

9-Month In tervent ion Emergency assistance Home based counseling

services Family AssessmentOutcome driven service

plans Service Referrals

Service coordination and facilitation

Outcome Study Questions

49

1. How much did fami l ies in the study improve over t ime?

2. Did Fami ly Connect ions fami l ies improve more than typical serv ices fami l ies?

3. Did assigned serv ice durat ion of Fami ly Connect ions matter in terms of outcomes?

4. Did f idel i ty to the Fami ly Connect ions model moderate improvements in outcomes?

Method and Discussion

50

1. Eight replication sites; Random assignment to condition2. Focus on the primary caregiver and an index child from

each family3. Assessments at Baseline, service completion (Post-Test),

and 6 month Follow-Up4. Regardless of condition, families showed significant

improvement over time for all 11 outcome variables.

Result: 3 vs 9 month group comparison

51

•9 month intervention demonstrated greater improvement than the 3 month group in:

•Child behavior

•No differences between groups in other domains (e.g., parenting stress, life stress, parenting attitudes, social support, household safety)

Child Behavior - Externalizing

52

1. A

* Significant difference from preceding time point at p < .05

APCTC Random Assignment

53

Cambodian and Korean families

6 months CFOF interventionor

3 months CFOF program (comparison group)

Overall Impact on Children and Families in APCTC

54

Most Cambodian and Korean families in both the 6 month intervention and the 3 month control groups welcomed CFOF services.Areas including depression, anxiety, and stress, parental skills and competencies, and child well-being are all potential areas that could be impacted by the services in CFOF.

Longer duration of CFOF may be more appropriate for higher need families. In this study, it would be the Cambodian families.

Publication -Cross-site Evaluation of

8 Replication studies

55

R e p l i c a t i n g t h e F a m i l y C o n n e c t i o n s P r o g r a m : L e s s o n s L e a r n e d , A m e r i c a n H u m a n e , P r o t e c t i n g C h i l d r e n , v o l 2 4 , N o v 3 , 2 0 0 9h t t p : / / w w w . a m e r i c a n h u m a n e . o r g / a s s e t s / p d fs / c h i l d r e n / p r o t e c t i n g - c h i l d r e n - j o u r n a l / p c -2 4 - 3 . p d f

•Demonstrated effective across different target population: geographic, cultural. •Specific to LA population, but maintain fidelity of original Family Connections

CFOF Community Defined Practice Evidence Model

in Los Angeles56

1. 2009 Proposal – State of California, Mental Health Services Act (MHSA) funding: Prevention and Early Intervention (PEI) 2010

2. Evidence –based practice (EBP) & Community Defined Evidence Models (CDE)

3. Empowerment and strengths-based approaches are integral to CFOF/Family Connections

4. Overall impact to families – targeting mental health issues: depression, anxiety, and stress; parenting skills and competencies, and child well-being.

5. Outcome measures: Family Assessment Form (FAF), Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA)

Partners in CFOF Collaborative

57

1. SSG/ Asian Pacific Counseling and Treatment Centers2. SSG/Occupational Therapy Training Program3. SSG/Weber Community Center4. Pacific Asian Counseling Services5. Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation 6. Southern California Health and Rehabilitation Program*7. Long Beach Asian Pacific Islander Family Mental

Health Center *

CFOF Clinical Oversight Committee

58

•Monthly Meetings•Clinical Case Discussion•Quality Assurance•Fidelity to Model•Technical Assistance•Research & Evaluation Team•Six Months Progress Report

CFOF Community Advisory Board

59Community Leaders:1. Bobby J. Davis – LA County Department of Mental Health2. Bruce Saito – Los Angeles Conservation Corps3. Denise Woo – LA County Department of Children and Family Services4. Donna Mills – Metropolitan Transit Authority5. Fred Noya – LA County Sheriff’s Department6. Jacquelyn McCroskey – USC Professor of Social Work7. Kenneth Langie – Community Leader/Child Advocate8. Michi Fu – Pacific Clinics9. Nancy Au – First 5 LA10.Virginia Culbertson - LA County Department of Children and Family

Services

1. March 20102. June 20103. January 20114. September 2011*5. March 2012*6. September 2012*7. September 2013*8. October 2014*9. May 201710. January 2018*

60

CFOF Trainings in Los Angeles

Close to 500 staffs trained in LA County

Referral Criteria

611. Lives in Los Angeles County 2. No current Involvement with

CPS/DCFS 3. Family is willing to participate 4. Child is at risk of harm because

basic needs have not been met5. Inadequate/delayed health care6. Inadequate nutrition7. Poor personal hygiene8. Inadequate clothing9. Unsafe household condition10.Unsanitary household conditions11.Unstable living conditions 12.Shuttling

11. Inadequate supervision12. Inappropriate substitute caregiver13. Inadequate nurturance or affection14. Isolating15. Witnessing violence16. Permitting alcohol or drug use17. Permitting other maladaptive

behavior18. Delay in obtaining needed mental

health care19. Chronic truancy20. Unmet special education needs

Outcome Measures

62CFOF requirement -2 outcome measures • Family Assessment Form (FAF) * <at intake, 3 months, 6 months or

discharge>• ASEBA* <at intake, 6 months or discharge>LA County Department of Mental Health requirement –1) General Outcome Measure:

• Youth Outcome Questionnaire (YOQ)• Youth Outcome Questionnaire Self Report (YOQ/SR)

2) Specific Outcome Measure:• Change the ASEBA to ECBI/SESBI – November 2012• Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI)• Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavoir Inventory Revised (SESBI-R)• ECBI – Spanish version

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Internalizing Externalizing Total Problems

Baseline Mean3 Mos. F/U Mean

63

Preliminary DataChild Behavioral Checklist – Caregiver Report

Cumulative through March 2012* <outcome measure changed>

Mean 10.47 5.33 16.33 11.14 47.71 30.76

* All Family CBCL factors showed significant difference from preceding time point at p < .05

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Factor A Factor B Factor C Factor D Factor E

Baseline MeanDischarge Mean

64

Preliminary DataFamily Assessment Factors

Cumulative through March 2014

A = Cleanliness/Orderliness of the HomeB = Financial Conditions C = Support to Caregiver

D = Primary Caregiver/child interaction E = Development Stimulation

Mean = 18.63/15.36* 14.11/12.83* 14.41/12.95* 33.55/29.68* 11.29/9.9*N =11 N = 46 N = 64 N = 73 N=72

* Significant difference from preceding time point at p < .05. Statistical analysis is based on the paired t-test.

Strengths of CFOF

65

1. Family focused, strength based, community based interventions.

2. Case management services are a core component.3. Multi-discipline.4. Training and implementation.5. Cultural competence is one of the Guiding Principles.6. The collaborative brought together agency

representatives to provide oversight to ensure the fidelity of the model.

7. Flexibility to adapt to fit the target population, culture, situation, and perceived needs.

References

66

•DePanfilis, D., & Dubowitz, H. (2005). Family Connections: A program for preventing child neglect. Child Maltreatment,10, 108-123.•Girvin, H., DePanfilis, D., & Daining, C. (2007). Predicting program completion among families enrolled in a child neglect preventive intervention. Research on Social Work Practice, 17, 674-685.•DePanfilis, D., Dubowitz, H., & Kunz, J. (2008). Assessing the cost-effectiveness of Family Connections. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 335-351.•DePanfilis, D., Filene, J., & Brodowski, M. (2009). Special Issue of Protecting Children on Family Connections.•Lindsey, M. A., Hayward, R. A., & DePanfilis, D. (2009, accepted). Exploring gender differences in behavioral outcomes: The promise of a family-focused prevention intervention. Research on Social Work Practice

Q & A 67

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