culture and research method in psychology
DESCRIPTION
An introduction to the Study of Culture and Psychology. A Presentation summary based on the book from Matsumoto, D. & Juang, L. (2007). Culture and Psychology (4th Ed.). Wadsworth.TRANSCRIPT
David Matsumoto & Linda Juang
Culture and Research MethodCulture and Psychology
Fang Huizhen & Dr. Hora Tjitra
www.SinauOnline.com
@ Tjitra, 2010
An introduction to the Study of culture and Psychology
2
Based on: Matsumoto, D. & Juang, L. (2007). Culture and Psychology (4th Ed.). Wadsworth.
Contents
5 Our goals
4 Special Issues
3 Types of Research
2 How to measure culture ?
1 Why the study is important ?
The Study of culture and Psychology
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
Why it is important to understand culture and Psychology ?
•Is what we know as truth or principle about human behavior true for all people?
…
•What is the difference between cross-cultural research and other types of research that change a parameter of a study?
…
What is culture?
Ethnicity
NationalityRace
Culture
Same?
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
Culture as an abstraction
5Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
We see the manifestations of culture, but we never see culture itself.
Culture is an abstract, explanatory concept help us understand and categorize.
Those within-group similarities and between-group difference.
Culture as an abstraction
6Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Soudijn(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Dynamic
Soudijn(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Dynamic
System of rules.
Soudijn(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Dynamic
System of rules.
Groups and units.
Soudijn(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Dynamic
System of rules.
Groups and units.
Attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors
Soudijn(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Dynamic
System of rules.
Groups and units.
Attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors
Harbored differently by each specific unit
Soudijn(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Dynamic
System of rules.
Groups and units.
Attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors
Harbored differently by each specific unit
Communicated across generations, relatively stable.Soudijn
(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
The development of the concept of culture
Dynamic
System of rules.
Groups and units.
Attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors
Harbored differently by each specific unit
Communicated across generations, relatively stable.
With the potential to change across time
Soudijn(1990)
Kroeber Kluckholn
(1952)
Linton (1936)
Tylor(1865)
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
A framework for understanding the contributions of culture, biology, ecology, and sociopolitical context to behavior.
Source: Cross-Cultural Psychology: Research and Applications, by J. W. Berry, Y. H. Pootinga,
How does culture influence human?
AcculturationInternational
media
SociopoliticalContext
• Cognitive/perceptual• Conformity• Aggression• Achievement
PsychologicalCharacteristicsSex ,Size
Weight
BiologicalDifferences
Subsistenceeconomy
EcologicalContext
Child rearingRole assignmentGender stereotypesSex role ideology
CulturalPractices
Build a body of knowledge about people, applying that body of knowledge to intervene in people’s lives, hopefully to make those lives better.
Meet the challenge of diversityand turn that challenge into opportunity.
Understanding truth and psychological principles as either universal or culture-specific
Our goals
For diversity
For life
For research
Chapter 1 , culture and psychology
@ Tjitra, 2010
Cross-Cultural Research Methods
11
Based on: Matsumoto, D. & Juang, L. (2007). Culture and Psychology (4th Ed.). Wadsworth.
Types of Cross-Cultural Research
Types
Cross-Cultural Comparison Studies
compares two or morecultures on some psychological variableof interest.
Unpackaging Studies
only look for differences among cultures on their target variables , but also include measurements of other variables
Ecological-Level Studies
A relationship between a cultural variable and a target variable on the ecological level does not necessarily mean that such a relationship exists on the individual level
Cross-Cultural Validation Studiestest the equivalence of psychological measures and tests for use in other cross-cultural comparativeresearch.
Chapter 2 , Culture and Psychology
?
Special Issues Concerning Cross-Cultural Comparisons
Special Issues
Equivalencea state or condition of similarity in conceptual meaning and empirical method between cultures that allows comparisons to be meaningful.
Theoretical Issues• Will a hypothesis is important to test be important or meaningful?• in the same way to someone from a different cultural background
Methodological Issues• Definitions of culture.• which cultures to include in a study• sampling
Chapter 2, Culture and Psychology
Inte
rpre
tatio
n Data and Analyses
Methods
Theory &Hypotheses
Conclusions
Guidelines for Reviewing Cross-Cultural Research
Chapter 2 , Culture and Psychology
Waste of resources – problem
Reduce the nonequivalence in the data
Preclude comparison
Interpret the nonequivalnence
Ignore the nonequivalence
Chapter 2 , Culture and Psychology
@ Tjitra, 2010
Thanks YouA n y co m m e n t s & q u e s t i o n s a r e w e l co m eContact me at [email protected]
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www.SinauOnline.com