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Page 1: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Culture!Culture!

Page 2: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,
Page 3: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Culture

• Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the – physical objects they make (material culture)

and – their values, – norms, – symbols, – language, and – knowledge (non-material culture)

Page 4: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,
Page 5: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,
Page 6: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Select one of the followingeducation funerals mealtime

games weapons medicine

List material and non-material elements…

Page 7: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Values• General ideas that people share about

what is good or bad

• How we “evaluate” our behavior- internalized standards

• State 10 of your personal values

Page 8: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

American Values-Ball-Rokeach et al.

10. Salvation9. True friendship8. A comfortable life7. A sense of accomplishment6. Wisdom5. Happiness4. Self-Respect3. Freedom2. A world at peace1. Family security

18. Social recognition17.An exciting life 16. Pleasure15.A world of beauty14. Mature love13. National security 12. Equality11. Inner harmony

Page 9: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Don’t Stand So Close To Me!

• NPR: Don't Stand So Close To Me

Page 10: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Norms• Specific guidelines for action that state

how people should behave in particular situations (unwritten rules)– Often unspoken customs that people know

and follow

• State 10 norms of the culture in which you live

Page 11: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Norms (cont’d)• Folkways: Everyday habits (simple- like shaking

hands, clearing plate)– Violate: tolerate

• Mores: strong norms that are morally significant. Respected and sacred customs (prohibitions against incest, cannibalism, sexual abuse of children)– Violate: unfit for society

• Laws: rules enacted by a political body and enforced by the power of the state

– Violate: big trouble! Most laws based on folkways and mores

Page 12: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Smile, You’re on Candid Camera

Page 13: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,
Page 14: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Symbols• Objects, gestures, sounds or images that

represent something other than themselves• They can mean different things for different

people• Everything is symbolic! Usually meanings

come from tradition & consensus• Think of 15 examples of symbols (include

some personal symbols)

Page 15: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Language• System of verbal and usually written

symbols with rules about how those symbols can be strung together to convey more complex meanings– So necessary! This is how we pass

information from generations

Page 16: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

English and Japanese Alphabet

Page 17: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

C

H

I

N

E

S

E

Page 18: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Esperanto

Page 19: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Esperanto• Sample text in Esperanto

– Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu la alian en spirito de frateco.

– All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Page 20: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Language (cont’d)• Social action: how people use language to

coordinate their activities and to create/confirm social understandings– People change their patterns of speech as social

contexts change…examples?

• Social Markers: patterns of behavior that provide indications about who people are…– They identify where a person fits into a social structure

• We often categorize people using speech patterns….get this vs. how could I help you?

Page 21: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Knowledge• Body of facts, beliefs, and practical

skills that people acquire over time• Knowledge vs. beliefs (example of the

beginnings of man….Bible vs. Science)• Much is practical knowledge and

cannot be explained in words or formulas…walking, riding a bike, etc.

Page 22: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Basic Elements of Culture• Material vs. Non-Material

Page 23: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Basic Elements of Culture• Material

– Artifacts• Physical objects made

by people and which have meaning attached

• Non-Material– Values– Norms– Symbols– Language– knowledge

Page 24: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Choose one of the

following and list some

elements of culture

• Education• Funerals• Mealtime• Games• Dating• Medicine• Art

List material and nonmaterial elements of culture!

Page 25: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Culture Lag• Culture Lag occurs

when the material elements of culture develop faster than the non-material elements.

• The introduction of the automobile (material culture) caused upset with– Dating freedom– Sex– Drinking and driving– Families moving away

from one another– Status symbols

Page 26: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Cultural Integration and Cultural Integration and DiversityDiversity

Page 27: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Assimilation vs. Diversity• Assimilation: Process by which

newcomers give up culturally distinct beliefs, values, and customs and take on those of the dominant culture

• Preservation of Diversity: to keep one’s own heritage alive

• Tension between the two

Page 28: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Cultural Integration• A result of assimilation that refers to how well

culture is a functionally integrated system (along w/ power, social relations, etc)

• Ralph Linton: problem w/ highly integrated & high-functioning culture is that if one thing changes, the whole system can be off balance

Page 29: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Cultural Integration, cont’d• It is a matter of degree:

– United States: loosely knit– Japan: more closed, discouraging

immigration– England: moderate w/ some immigration

Page 30: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Cultural Diversity• Two reasons societies remain culturally

diverse:– 1. Cultural minorities do no want to assimilate

into the dominant culture– 2. The dominant groups in society seek to

maintain their power and privilege by keeping certain minority groups separate and unequal (example of apartheid in South Africa)

Page 31: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Cultural Diversity (cont’d)• Subcultures: where there are norms, values,

etc. that members of a cultural minority share to make them distinct– Arise when people in similar circumstances find

themselves isolated from the mainstream world- – How? By thoughts, looks, actions, choices,

beliefs, etc

• They must have the opportunity to interact, making them products of symbolic interaction

Page 32: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Hispanic subculture

– Obligation, loyalty, and respect towards family (extended), dignity, self-respect, highly personal, one-on-one

– Least inclined to assimilate in the US– Make an effort to surround themselves w/

their culture…. neighborhoods, shops, clubs, etc.

Page 33: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Other Subcultures• Deviant: what one subculture can

sometimes be labeled by the dominant culture (drug users, gangs, homosexuals)

• Counterculture: subculture oriented towards challenging or changing culture

Page 34: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Ethnocentricism• Seeing one’s own culture as good or better

than others (seeing it as “human nature”)– Can be a source of stability, but also of

misunderstanding and friction between groups– Example of first white Europeans with black

Africans• Norms were different (marriage, killing, etc) so

admonished them, and didn’t give credit for success (like Ghana)

Page 35: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Cultural Relativism• Trying to understand the elements of a

culture in its own terms and how it relates to time, place, and set of circumstances.

Page 36: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Production of Culture• Cultural gatekeepers: people who decide

which items will get exposure to culture– Talk-show hosts, film critics, DJ’s

Page 37: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Culture and the MediaCulture and the Media

Page 38: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

Media Influences• Television, phone, radio, internet• News broadcasts

– Portion of politician statements reduced from 43sec in 1968 to 8.9 seconds in 1998

– Quick! (not boring)

• J. Meyrowitz: people think they “know” people on TV b/c they are so close to them (gives people illusions)

• Neil Postman: too much of an “entertaining culture” - don’t take things seriously enough

Page 39: Culture!. Culture Refers to a people’s entire learned way of life, including the –physical objects they make (material culture) and –their values, –norms,

•THE END!


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