cultures and stereotypes. enlightenment what is an american?
TRANSCRIPT
Cultures and Stereotypes
ENLIGHTENMENT
What is an American?
What is an American?
• Write a response to the question above.
• Explain your answer in 3-5 complete sentences
American Culture
Blending of Native Americans, Europeans and African cultures
• Social Classes– Gentry
• Wealthy planter, merchants, ministers, lawyers and royal officials
– Middle Class• Farmers, skilled craftsmen
and trades people• 3/4ths of colonists
– Lowest Class• Hired farmhands,
indentured servants and slaves
Women
• Took care of the household– Backcountry
• Often worked with husband in fields
– Cities• Worked as
midwives, maid, cook or nurse
• Some allowed to take over husband’s business if he died
Africans• Southern colonies
– More than ½ were African
– Worked on plantations, docks, shipbuilding and crafts
• More men than women– Families remained
small
Great Awakening1730-40s
• Traveling Ministers– ‘Old Lights’ vs ‘New
Lights’• Believed inner emotion
more imporatnt than outward religious behaviour
• Led to bitter debates about religion and life
Religion had become dull, dryPeople had lost passion for it
• Brought– More tolerance
• Many left church and formed new ones
• Many different beliefs and lifestyles
• Challenged– Political and social authority
• Encouraged– equality
Jonathan Edwards
• New England Preacher• Called on colonists to
examine their lives closely
• “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”– Intense images of God’s
anger– Could only be saved by
grace• George Whitefield
– Raised funds for orphans
– Called on sinners to reform during outdoor meetings
"There is nothing that keeps wicked men at any one moment out of hell, but the mere pleasure of God."
Education
Established Princeton and Brown universitites
• New England– Most concerned with
education– 1647 Mass passed
Education law• Ordered parents to teach
children• Towns with 50 families
must hire teachers• Established public
schools– Allowed rich and poor to
be educated• Apprenctice System
– Worked for master to learn trade or craft
• Slaves– No education allowed
Representative
GovernmentRights of English Citizens
• Royal governor– Directed colony and
enforced laws– Appointed by king or
proprietor
• Colonial Assemblies– Upper house
• Appointed by royal governor as advisors
– Lower house• Elected by citizens• Approved laws and
taxes
• People– Only white males
over age 21– Had to own property
Glorious Revolution1688• Parliament removed King James
II (Catholic)– Raised in France; friends with
Louis XIV– Persecuted Protestants– Mary Beatrice (2nd wife)
• Had baby boy• Exiled to France
• Asked William of Orange and Mary (daughter-Protestant) of Netherlands to rule England
1689 • English Bill of Rights– Protected rights of individuals (white
males)– Allowed trial by jury– Government could pass new taxes
and raise army only with approval of Parliament
Enlightenment
Late 1600-early 1700s• Emphasized reason
and science as paths to knowledge
• Appealed to wealthy and educated
Began in Europe
• Natural Laws– Sir Isaac Newton
• Law of gravity
• Natural Rights– John Locke
• Life, liberty, property
• The Big Bang Theory (8 min)– Sheldon vs Pizza Guy– An Unsolvable Problem– Friendship Algorithm– Rock Paper Scissors Lizard Spock– Starch and Water
Benjamin FranklinSelf-made and self-educated
• Born in 1706• Only 2 years of formal
schooling• Studied literature,
mathematics and foreign languages
• Worked as printer in Philadelphia (17 years)
Used reason to improve society
• Electricity experiment (1752)• Volunteer fire department• Lending library• Bi-focals, stove, paved roads
Poor Richard’s Almanac• Dec 28, 1732 (1758)• Written by pseudonym
Richard Saunders and wife Bridget
• Contained– Continuing stories– Weather forecasts– Household hints– Puzzles and math
problems– Advice meant to
teach
Your Assignment
• There are no gains without pains
• He that lies down with dogs shall rise up with fleas
• Love your enemies for they tell you your faults
• Fish and visitors stink in three days
• Eat to live, and not live to eat
• Write 5 sayings of your own and explain the meaning of each• Pick one piece of advice and create a picture to illustrate it
(no letters or numbers)• Colour your picture; be creative
• Mom’s Song
Your Assignme
nt• Write 5 original sayings of your own and explain the meaning of each• Pick one piece of advice and create a picture to illustrate it (8x11
paper; no letters or numbers)• Colour your picture; be creative• Due Mon, Oct 24, 2011 with notes, etc
There are no gains
without pains
The End
Grading RubricWhat is an American?
0 5 10
American Culture
0 5
Great Awakening
0 5
Enlightenment
0 5
Representative Government
0 5
Glorious Revolution
0 5
5 Sayings and meanings
0 5 10
Picture of saying,
coloured
0 5
TOTALFinal Score_________/50
Name _____________________ Period ______
Corrected by __your name ________