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Current Status and Future Perspective of Apiculture Industry in
Taiwan
Mei-Chun Lu
Sericulture and Apiculture Section
Miaoli District Agriculture Research and Extension
Station, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan
Feb 2, 2016
Apimondia 2016 Symposium, Exhibits and Workshop on Indigenous Bees Species
Outline
• Introduction
• Trait of beekeeping in Taiwan
• Statistic analysis of apiculture industry
• Regulation and management of bee products
• Challenges and achievements
• Conclusion
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Rape
Lichi
Logan
Wild flowers
TeaTea
Nectar Sources in Taiwan
Rape
Dimocarpus longan(APR-JUN)
Lichi chinensis(FEB-APR)
Blooming
Traits of Beekeeping in Taiwan
• Abundant nectar sources with small and spare
distribution, Dimocarpus longan, Lichi
chinensis, and Camellia sinensis were dominant
species
• Migration route during flower blooming from
South to North
• Bee products includes honey, royal jelly, bee
pollen, and propolis.
• Bee as a ecoservice role in agriculture
Honey Harvest
Royal Jelly Production
Pollen Harvest
100720 101530
8893080750
73050 7120077150
97730103870
117204110526
116416
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Be
eh
ive
s
Year
Number of BeeHives
747
702715
669
631
663
728 733
766
810790
816
600
650
700
750
800
850
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Be
ek
ee
pe
rs
Year
Number of Beekeepers
Beehives per beekeeper
27.5
63.7
22.7
10.9
1-100 hives
100-200 hives
200-300 hives
>300 hives
Year Honey
(m.t.)
Royal Jelly
(kg)
2010 8,149 333,000
2011 15,089 209,000
2012 14,203 333,000
2013 11,131 357,900
2014 12,758 416,800
Table 1. Production of honey and royal jelly in recent 5 years
(Data from Agriculture and Food Agency, COA)
Value of Bee Products
37763
2701625107
4020436941
56999
4757044477
59004
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1991 1996 2001 2006 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
VA
LU
E (
Th
ou
san
d U
SD
)
YEAR
HONEY
ROYAL JELLY
TOTAL
Ecoservice ~Pollination
Pollination
• Pollination in open field • Pollination in greenhouse
Lichi, Logan, Pear, MelonCucumber
Cucumber, Melon, Tomato,Strawberry
Bitter melon production using Apis mellifera as pollinator
Regulation and Management of Bee Products
• Chinese National Standard (CNS)
• Logan honey competition (Festival)
• Certified honey and royal jelly (Certified Tag and QR code)
Chinese National Standard of Honey
Constituents Type
Honey Logan honey
Water(%) <20
Sucrose(%) <5 <2
Sugar(%) >60 >70
Insoluable (%) <0.1
Acid(meq H+/1,000 g) <50 <30
Diasterase
(Schade unit)
>8
HMG(mg/kg) <40 <30
Chinese National Standard of Royal Jelly
Constituent Amount
Water (%) 63~68
Ash (%) >1.5
Acid(meq H+/1,000 g) 32~53
Starch 0
Crude protein(%) 11~15.5
10-hydro-20decenoic acid, 10-HDA
(%)
>1.6
Logan Honey Competition• National Competition(MDARES)
– 1〫evaluation：CNS 1305, antibiotics and pesticides free
– 2〫evaluation：Taste, aroma and color
• Local Competition：Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Tainan, Kaohsiung
Taiwan Beekeeper’s Association(http://www.bee.org.tw/)
Traceability System of Certified Bee Product
Enter Traceability code
Taiwan Agricultural Products Production Traceability System
Challenges and Achievements
• Impact of global climate change
• Disease, pests and enemy of honeybees
• Germplasm degeneration
• Enhance the pollination technique in the green house
• Education of young beekeepers
Honey Yield & Climate
154.8mm
14.8mm
Stress-tolerance breeding is necessary!
5.6%
26
A B
C D
28
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Nectar Source
LoganLichi
Tea Tree
Tea Tree
RapeCitris
Wild flowers
VarroaControl
DroneRemove
DroneRemove
Drone combattraction
Fluvalinate Fluvalinate
Formic acid Formic acid
Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid
Varroa mite Control Schedule
A. m. caucasica A. m. carnicaA. m. capensisA. m. ligustica A. m. carpitica
Honeybee Introduction
Enriched the honeybee genepool
Breeding for high honey productivity
Egg
Artificial Queen Grafting
Drone Comb
Forager Segregation
31
A site B site
C site
Move> 2 m at AM 8:00-10:00
Hive inspection
Move > 2 m at AM 8:00-10:00
AM 8:00-10:00
32
Honeybee & Artificial Pollinator
Honeybee & Artificial Pollinator
33
Control Artificial Pollination Honeybee Pollination
Honeybee pollination in Tomato
34
Education of Young Beekeepers
• Beekeeper Academy
• New technique administration
Technical Services
Future Perspective
• Breeding for stress-tolerance strains
• Quality control for bee products
• Management techniques of bee colony
• Education of young beekeepers
• Development easy-handling pollination techniques in the greenhouse
• Strengthen the international cooperation of bee technologies
