current status and roadmap of citygml
DESCRIPTION
Current Status and Roadmap of CityGML. Thomas H. Kolbe Director Institute for Geodesy and Geoinformation Science Berlin University of Technology [email protected] 26th of June, 2011 Joint ISPRS 3DCMA & 3D GeoInfo Conference Wuhan, China. Queries to a 3D City Model / 3D GIS: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Department of Geoinformation Science
Technische Universität Berlin
2011/06/26
Current Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Thomas H. Kolbe
DirectorInstitute for Geodesy and Geoinformation ScienceBerlin University of Technology
26th of June, 2011
Joint ISPRS 3DCMA & 3D GeoInfo Conference Wuhan, China
2011/06/263 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Image: Berlin Partner, Google
Queries to a 3D City Model / 3D GIS:• How many buildings, monuments, trees?• How many storeys?• Total sealed area?• From which windows can I see place XY?• What is the total window area of the buildings?• Where are the entrances / exits?• What is the energy demand for heating and electricity?
2011/06/264 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
3D City Modelling
… is far more thanthe 3D visualizationof reality
In fact, the geometryand its appearanceare only one aspectof an entity!
Key issue: Semantic Modelling
2011/06/265 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Example for a Semantic Building Model
Building
BuildingInstallation (Dormer)
BuildingPart
BuildingPart
Building
Building surface (WallSurface)
3D-Modell: Stadt Coburg
2011/06/266 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Urban Information Modelling with CityGML
Application independent Geospatial Information Model for semantic 3D city and landscape models
comprises different thematic areas (buildings, vegetation, water, terrain, traffic etc.)
data model (UML) according to ISO 191xx standard family exchange format results from rule-based mapping of the
UML diagrams to a GML3 application schema Adopted OGC standard since 08/2008
CityGML represents 3D geometry, 3D topology, semantics and appearance
in 5 discrete scales (Levels of Detail, LOD)
2011/06/267 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Multi-scale modelling: 5 levels of details
LOD 0 – Regional model 2.5D Digital Terrain Model
LOD 1 – City / Site model “block model“ w/o roof structures
LOD 2 – City / Site model textured, differenciated roof structures
LOD 3 – City / Site model detailed architecture model
LOD 4 – Interior model “walkable“ architecture models
2011/06/268 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Modular Structure of CityGML
CityGML Core
OGC GML 3.1.1
Appearance
Generics
Application Domain Extensions (ADE)B
uild
ing
City
Fur
nitu
re
City
Obj
ectG
roup
Land
Use
Rel
ief
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Veg
etat
ion
Wat
erB
ody
Tun
nel
Brid
ge …
2011/06/269 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
2011/06/2610 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
International Adoption of CityGML
Cities / Municipalitiese.g. nearly all German cities with 3D city models; Rotterdam
(NL), Zurich (CH), Geneva (CH), Vancouver (CA), Paris (FR), Marseille (FR), Istanbul (TR), Kuala Lumpur (MY), Yokohama (JP), Doha (Katar); limited awareness in USA (Boston, Chicago)
Organisationse.g. IGN France, Ordnance Survey UK, State mapping agencies
of Bavaria and North-Rhine Westphalia in Germany, BIMTAS in Istanbul, many Research Institutes and Universities
CityGML is being used as a reference in the European INSPIRE Initiative
INSPIRE Building model is nearly identical to CityGML
The new national 3D standard of The Netherlands will be based on CityGML
2011/06/2611 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Semantic 3D City Model of Berlin
>500,000 buildings were >500,000 buildings were automatically reconstructed automatically reconstructed using 2D building footprints using 2D building footprints from cadastre and airborne from cadastre and airborne LIDAR data. LIDAR data. Textures were automatically Textures were automatically extracted from oblique aerial extracted from oblique aerial images. images. Semantic information is also Semantic information is also transferred from cadastre.transferred from cadastre.www.virtual-berlin.de
2011/06/2612 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
New Applications: Solar Potential Analysis
Example: Solar Atlas Berlin Semantic information (here: estimated solar energy production)
is used both to cartographically style the visualization and to provide the values shown in the „information balloons“
2011/06/2613 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
3D Visualisation of CityGML Models
One 3D City Model may comprise
(or link) thematicdata from differentapplications
can be stored and exchanged as oneCityGML dataset
Multiple, different visualizations withapplication specific cartographic stylings
KML /COLLADA
KML
KML /COLLADA
2011/06/2614 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
3DCityDB – Open Source CityGML Software
Free software to manage and visualize CityGML data:
http://www.3dcitydb.net
3D City Database (new version 2.0.5) SQL scripts, PL/SQL functions for Oracle Spatial 10g R2 and above Comprehensive documentation (incl. mapping of CityGML to relations)
3DCityDB Import/Export Tool (new version 1.3) Executable Java binaries; tested with Windows, MacOS X, Linux Complete source code, comprehensive documentation fast CityGML import/export (supports arbitrary file sizes, even >> 4GB) KML/COLLADA exporter
citygml4j (current version 1.0) Java class library and API for reading and writing CityGML datasets Library files for Java5 and Java6 Source code, comprehensive documentation, tutorials
2011/06/2615 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Simulation of Multi Utility Infrastructures
2011/06/2616 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Energy Atlas: Urban Information Fusion
Thermal Remote Sensing
Utility NetworksHeat Emission
Bild: Hoegner / Stilla, TU München
Solar Potential
Solar Irradiation LOD1
Energy AtlasGeschätzter Energie-verbrauch [kwh/a] Geschätzter Energie-verbrauch [kwh/a]
Heating Energy Requirements
2011/06/2617 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
News for Version 1.1
2011/06/2618 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
CityGML 1.1 Roadmap
Public Call for Change Requests (CR)17 CRs received which have to be processed by the SWG
Formation of the CityGML 1.1 SWGThe Standards Working Group (SWG) is in charge of all changes of the CityGML specification
26.02.2010
09.12.2009
SWG processes CRsCRs have to be discussed and voted on; draft version of the CityGML 1.1 specification is being created currently
Since March 2010
20.08.2008CityGML 1.0International OGC Encoding Standard
July/August 2011 Request for Comments (RFC)The candidate CityGML 1.1 specification will be reviewed and commented on by the public in a 30-day RFC phase
Release of CityGML 1.1
today
End of 2011 – Beginning of 2012
Final editorial changes based on received comments
2011/06/2619 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Received Change Requests comprise...
New thematic modules for the representation ofBridges and TunnelsWalls in cities
Extensions of existing modulesBuilding module
explicit representation of storeys (as own object class)additional thematic boundary surfaces (OuterCeilingS., OuterFloorS.)LOD 0 representation (roofprint, footprint as 3D Multipolygons)
Generic attributesUnit of measure (e.g. meters, dollars, etc.) can be given for attributesGrouping of generic attributes and relation with a unique namespace
MiscellaneousCompressed archive format for CityGML (like KMZ)Topologic Network Modelnew CityObject attributes relativeToTerrain, relativeToWater
2011/06/2620 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
CityGML 1.1 Bridge Model
Similar / coherent structure with the Building modelBridges may be decomposed into BridgeParts
Bridges have Thematic Boundary Surfaces (from LOD2) like WallSurface, RoofSurface, FloorSurface, etc.
Thematic Boundary Surfaces can have openings (from LOD3)
Bridges / BridgeParts can have BridgeInstallations (from LOD2)
in LOD4 they can also have a representation of their interiors given by BridgeRooms and BridgeFurniture
All feature types have thematic attributes (like class, function, and usage)
Terrain Intersection Curves
Bridges and BridgeParts can be further decomposed into BridgeConstructionElements (required for static stability)
2011/06/2621 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Bridge Components
BridgePart
BridgePart
BridgePart BridgeInstallation (here: signalling lamp)
BridgeConstructionElement
BridgeConstructionElement
Bridge
2011/06/2622 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Bridge Model in UML [draft; simplified]
<<Feature>>_AbstractBridge
<<Feature>>_BoundarySurface
<<Feature>>RoofSurface
<<Feature>>WallSurfacee
<<Feature>>ClosureSurface
<<Feature>>BridgeInstallation
<<Feature>>BridgeRoom
<<Feature>>BridgeFurniture
<<Feature>>_Opening
<<Feature>>Window
<<Feature>>Door
<<Feature>>Bridge
<<Feature>>BridgePart
<<Feature>>core::_CityObject
<<Geometry>>gml::_Geometry
<<Object>>core::ImplicitGeometry
<<Feature>>GroundSurface
<<Feature>>BridgeConstructionElement
*
*
consistsOfBridgePart
lod2-4Geometry
*
*
interiorBridgeRoom
lod2-4Geometry
lod3-4Geometry
0..1
* *outerBridgeConstruction
lod1-4Geometry
*
*
boundedBy
*
lod4Geometry
lod3-4Geometry
*
0..1
interiorFurniture
* 0..2opening
*
*
bridgeInstallation
*
*
boundedBy
Visual Paradigm for UML Standard Edition(Technical University Berlin)
2011/06/2623 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Examples for Bridges in LODs 1-4
LOD 1 LOD 2
LOD 3 LOD 4
Models source: Google 3D Warehouse
2011/06/2624 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
CityGML 1.1 Tunnel Model
Similar / coherent structure with the Building modelTunnels may be decomposed into TunnelParts
Tunnels have Thematic Boundary Surfaces (from LOD2) like
WallSurface, RoofSurface, GroundSurface, FloorSurface etc.
Thematic Boundary Surfaces can have openings (from LOD3)
Tunnels / TunnelParts can have TunnelInstallations (from LOD2)
in LOD4 they can also have a representation of their interiors given
by HollowSpaces and TunnelFurniture
All feature types have thematic attributes (like class, function,
and usage)
Terrain Intersection Curves
2011/06/2625 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Tunnel Model in UML [draft; simplified]
29. Februar, 2008
<<Feature>>_AbstractTunnel
<<Feature>>_BoundarySurface
<<Feature>>RoofSurface
<<Feature>>WallSurfacee
<<Feature>>ClosureSurface
<<Feature>>TunnelInstallation
<<Feature>>HollowSpace
<<Feature>>TunnelFurniture
<<Feature>>_Opening
<<Feature>>Window
<<Feature>>Door
<<Feature>>Tunnel
<<Feature>>TunnelPart
<<Feature>>core::_CityObject
<<Geometry>>gml::_Geometry
<<Object>>core::ImplicitGeometry
<<Feature>>GroundSurface
*
0..1
interiorFurniture
0..1
lod1-4Geometry
lod3-4Geometry
lod3-4Geometry
lod2-4Geometry
*
*
consistsOfTunnelPart
* 0..2opening
lod4Geometrylod2-4Geometry
*
*
boundedBy
*
*
boundedBy
*
*tunnelInstallation
*
*
interiorHollowSpace
Visual Paradigm for UML Standard Edition(Technical University Berlin)
2011/06/2626 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Example for a Tunnel in LODs 1-4
LOD 1 LOD 2 LOD 3 LOD 4
Tunnel
Tunnel
interior(cut 1)
Tunnelinterior(cut 2)
Image source: Karl-Heinz Häfele, KIT
2011/06/2627 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Modeling a Metro System using CityGML
Underground part of the metro station
(underground LOD3 Building object)
Connecting tunnel between two metro stations(Tunnel object, e.g.
in LOD3)
Above ground entry to the metro station(LOD3 Building)
Metro station + tunnel Digital Terrain Model (e.g.
in LOD1)
These two objects also could be
represented as oneBuilding with
two BuildingParts
2011/06/2628 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Summary
Semantic 3D City Models (= Urban Information Models)allow for 3D visualizations AND thematic analyses facilitate comprehensive analyses on the urban scale in the fields of
e.g. energy assessment, environmental simulation, urban planning
CityGML intended to be used as a basis for standardized information structuring and data exchange
extension mechanisms like Generics & ADE provide flexibility
International adoption and system implementations are making steady progress
Increasing number of cities worldwide are using CityGML
Active further development within SIG 3D and OGCCityGML 1.1 to be released by end of 2011 / beginning of 2012
2011/06/2629 T. H. Kolbe – Status and Roadmap of CityGML
Department of Geoinformation Science
Research Topics with Relations to CityGML
3D city model validation 3D generalization 3D data integration Automatic extraction of semantic 3D city models
from sensor data or CAD/CG models Reconstruction of Building Information Models from CityGML
Dynamic models, relation to procedural models Urban data mining (DB) index structures for efficient visibility analyses 3D Cartographic Styling of 3D City Models
Label Placement, Symbolization