cyber security / cyber warfare hype or underestimated?

Cyber Security / Cyber WarfareHype or underestimated?Bert OltmansDirector Defence, Justice and Public SafetyCEE&CIS Region


Agenda

• Current Environment• Facts & Figures• Cyber Security in Defense


Cyber Security is an extension of traditional IT security

that protects applications and data connected to the

internet and exposed to attack, including offensive

(cyber warfare) as well as defensive and proactive

security measures.

A Definition


Threat Environment

• Cyber Warfare is a reality

• And many incidents more…and growing

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Cyber-warriors.jpg


• The network has become the battlefield• Used for Communications, collaboration, decision support,

simulation and modeling• Provides content delivery & information sharing

Internet

JXTATM Overlay Peer-to-Peer

Network

Virtual Mapping

SCF / Field Command

SensorGrid

The Battlefield TodayThe network is the battlefield


The Warfighter Challenge

NATO Doctrine:• Network Centric Operations require a “Share-to-Win”

attitude

• Cyber Security Policies mandate a “need to know” strategy


The Transformation in Defense

• Cyber Security is becoming a Nationalconcern

• US Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) created on May 21, 2010

• “The admiral said he believes a cyber attack could trigger a response in accordance with Article 5 of the NATO Charter, which states that an attack on any alliance member is an attack on all alliance members”Navy Adm. James G. Stavridis, 29 November 2010 – Time Interview

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/2010-05-14-USCYBERCOM_Logo.jpg

http://www.us-cert.gov/index.html

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 9

2010 Data Breach Investigations Report

Regional Cyberspace


Role of Governments

• Increased importance of National Entities like CERT’s to monitor the Nation’s Critical Infrastructures and provide guidance

http://www.enisa.europa.eu/

http://www.us-cert.gov/index.html

http://www.cert-hungary.hu/

http://www.us-cert.gov/

http://govcert.bg/Pages/VariationRoot.aspx

http://govcert.bg/Pages/VariationRoot.aspx


FACTS & FIGURES


Two Thirds of Sensitive and Regulated Data Resides in Databases…

1,800 Exabytes

Amount of Data in Databases Doubles Yearly

2011Source: IDC, 2008


Over 900M Breached Records Resulted from Compromised Database Servers

Type Category % Breaches % RecordsDatabase Server Servers & Applications 25% 92%Desktop Computer End-User Devices 21% 1%



How do Database Breaches Occur?Bad Guys Exploit Your Weaknesses!

48% involved privilege misuse40% resulted from hacking

38% utilized malware28% employed social tactics15% comprised physical attacks



Cyber Security in DefenseSome thoughts

1. Design/Procure Information Systems geared to Threat Environment (including Cyberspace)

2. Treat Information Technology as Mission Critical – not - Mission Enabling

3. Have Policies and Doctrines that acknowledge Cyber Warfare


Information Systems in CyberspaceIt starts with a secure product

(1) Plan (4) Act

(2) Do (3) Check

A model for continuous improvement…

(Ref.: “PDCA Cycle”, originally developed by Walter A. Shewhart; Sometime

referred as Deming Cycle.)

1979: Project ‘Oracle’ with the CIA

1994: First vendor to complete ITSEC and TCSEC validationsAdvanced Security Option

1998: First vendor to complete Common Criteria EAL4 validationVirtual Private Database

2005: Introduction of the Critical Patch Update

2006: Database Vault Adoption of CVSS

……

2010 Ongoing certifications


Information Systems in CyberspaceAnd a Secure Implementation

TECHNOLOGY

PEOPLE PROCESSES

CYBERSPACE


Software Security End User Perspectives

Vendor patch issuanceVendor patch issuance practices are most visible with customers,

… BUT…

Producing secure software requires

• Focused attention as early as the design phase

• Ongoing commitment throughout the entire development and pre-release phases

• Effective remediation procedures

Security Patches

Service Packs

Release QA

Secure Development

Security Testing

Coding Practices

Coding Standards

Design Requirements


Make IT Mission Critical Include Deployment and Support

User Management• Strong Authentication

• Fine-grained Authorizations

Core Platform Security

Access Control• Controlling Privileged Users

• Custom Security Policies

• RBAC & LBAC Implementation

Monitoring• Enterprise-Wide Auditing

• Configuration

Data Protection• Network Encryption

• Data Encryption

• Backup Encryption

Secure Operating Environment• Multi-Level Security

• Fault Tolerance

• Ubiquitous Support


Policies & Doctrines

• Cover Defensive and Offensive measures

• Implement down to single combat unit


JICPAC Supports Coalition Forces with Access to Secure Information

SOLUTIONSJICPAC Trusted Workstation (TWS):• SunRay Ultra-thin client• Trusted Extensions for Solaris• CC EAL4 Certification on NEBS-certified Sun Servers

CHALLENGES / OPPORTUNITIES• Security was preserved through air-gap

networks (entirely disconnected) yet analyst required multiple networks and therefore 1 to 1 mapping of multiple desktop clients creating clutter and manual process

• Logging of audit trails was mostly on the “honor-system” with manual documentation

• Local clients meant far more maintenance and chance for degradation of information assurance levels

OVERVIEW• Joint Intelligence Center of the Pacific

(JICPAC) is located within the US Pacific Command (PACOM) Pearl Harbor, HI

RESULTS• Reduced acquisition costs and power

consumption through the consolidation of multiple PC clients into a single Sun Ray ultra-thin client

• Improved end-user operational efficiencies in the secure information workflows with complete audit trails through simultaneous connection to multiple networks

• Compatible with existing applications since they run in a Solaris open environment


Albanian MoD Safeguards Classified Data to Prepare for NATO Accession

SOLUTIONS• Oracle Universal Content Management• Oracle Identity Management• Oracle Virtual Directory• Oracle Access Manager

CHALLENGES / OPPORTUNITIES• Consolidate all structured and unstructured

classified data on a secure, scalable, electronic platform prior to the April 2009 accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• Enforce the highest internationally recognized standards for providing & auditing authorized access to classified Ministry of Defense (MoD) information

• Protect the integrity of sensitive military documents relating to Albania’s role in NATO operations assurance levels

OVERVIEW• Agency responsible for implementing the govt’s

defense & foreign policy objectives, & protecting the security of 3.6 million Albanian people

• Industry: Public Sector• Employees: 500

RESULTS• Provided a secure Web-based data

storage platform to create and publish classified content

• Offered 100 users a single sign on and secure, seamless access to job-appropriate data

• Enabled the organization to set up user accounts in only a few hours

CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE“Oracle’s unbreakable security platform enables us to guarantee the integrity of sensitive defense data without impeding access to it by authorized personnel. We now have our data consolidated on a secure, scalable platform - enabling us to prepare for the accession to NATO.” Genci Kokoshi, Chief of Information Technology


For More Information

oracle.com/database/security

search.oracle.com

database security


Q&[email protected]


Disk

Backups

Exports

Off-SiteFacilities

Oracle Advanced SecurityProtect Data from Unauthorized Users

• Complete encryption for application data at rest to prevent direct access to data stored in database files, on tape, exports, etc. by IT Staff/OS users

• Efficient application data encryption without application changes

• Built-in two-tier key management for SoD with support for centralized key management using HSM/KMS

• Strong authentication of database users for greater identity assurance

Application


Oracle Database VaultEnforce Security Policies Inside the Database

• Automatic and customizable DBA separation of duties and protective realms

• Enforce who, where, when, and how using rules and factors

• Enforce least privilege for privileged database users

• Prevent application by-pass and enforce enterprise data governance

• Securely consolidate application data or enable multi-tenant data management

Procurement

HR

Finance

ApplicationDBA

select * from finance.customersDBA

SecurityDBA

Application


Oracle Audit VaultAudit Database Activity in Real-Time

• Consolidate database audit trail into secure centralized repository

• Detect and alert on suspicious activities, including privileged users

• Out-of-the box compliance reports for SOX, PCI, and other regulations

• E.g., privileged user audit, entitlements, failed logins, regulated data changes

• Streamline audits with report generation, notification, attestation, archiving, etc.

CRM Data

ERP Data

Databases

HR Data

Audit Data

Policies

Built-inReports

Alerts

CustomReports

!

Auditor


Oracle Total RecallTrack Changes to Sensitive Data

select salary from emp AS OF TIMESTAMP

'02-MAY-09 12.00 AM‘ where emp.title = ‘admin’

• Transparently track application data changes over time

• Efficient, tamper-resistant storage of archives in the database

• Real-time access to historical application data using SQL

• Simplified incident forensics and recovery


Oracle Database FirewallFirst Line of Defense

PoliciesBuilt-inReportsAlerts Custom

Reports

ApplicationsBlock

Log

Allow

AlertSubstitute

• Monitor database activity to prevent unauthorized database access, SQL injections, privilege or role escalation, illegal access to sensitive data, etc.

• Highly accurate SQL grammar based analysis without costly false positives

• Flexible SQL level enforcement options based on white lists and black lists• Scalable architecture provides enterprise performance in all deployment modes• Built-in and custom compliance reports for SOX, PCI, and other regulations


Oracle Configuration Management Secure Your Database Environment

• Discover and classify databases into policy groups

• Scan databases against 400+ best practices and industry standards, custom enterprise-specific configuration policies

• Detect and event prevent unauthorized database configuration changes

• Change management dashboards and compliance reports

Monitor

ConfigurationManagement

& AuditVulnerabilityManagement

Fix

Analysis &Analytics

Prioritize

PolicyManagement

AssessClassify MonitorDiscover

AssetManagement


Oracle Data MaskingIrreversibly De-Identify Data for Non-Production Use

• Make application data securely available in non-production environments

• Prevent application developers and testers from seeing production data

• Extensible template library and policies for data masking automation

• Referential integrity automatically preserved so applications continue to work

LAST_NAME SSN SALARY

ANSKEKSL 111—23-1111 60,000

BKJHHEIEDK 222-34-1345 40,000

LAST_NAME SSN SALARY

AGUILAR 203-33-3234 40,000

BENSON 323-22-2943 60,000

Production Non-Production

Data never leaves Database


Oracle Database Defense In Depth

• Oracle Advanced Security

• Oracle Identity Management

• Oracle Database Vault

• Oracle Label Security

• Oracle Audit Vault

• Oracle Total Recall

• Oracle Database Firewall

• Oracle Configuration Management

• Oracle Data Masking

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