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Extended Learning Module DExtended Learning Module D

Network BasicsNetwork Basics

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What is a Computer Network? What is a Computer Network? What are the Benefits of Computer What are the Benefits of Computer

Networking? Networking? Describe some networksDescribe some networks

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Computer networkComputer network - two or more - two or more computers connected so that they can computers connected so that they can communicate with each other and share communicate with each other and share information, software, peripheral devices, information, software, peripheral devices, and/or processing power. and/or processing power.

IntroductionIntroduction

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Advantages of Networks:Advantages of Networks:

streamline work processes and cut costs streamline work processes and cut costs allow people within organizations to collaborate allow people within organizations to collaborate share hardware, software, and processing power share hardware, software, and processing power enable geographically distant work groups to enable geographically distant work groups to

communicate with each other communicate with each other allow businesses to share information with external allow businesses to share information with external

groups such as suppliers groups such as suppliers shorten business lead times and response times shorten business lead times and response times support electronic commercesupport electronic commerce

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IntroductionIntroductionBasic Principles of NetworksBasic Principles of Networks

1.1. Each computer must have a network card. Each computer must have a network card. 2.2. A network has at least one connecting device.A network has at least one connecting device.3.3. There must be communications media There must be communications media

connecting the network hardware devices. connecting the network hardware devices. 4.4. Each computer must have software that Each computer must have software that

supports the movement of information.supports the movement of information.

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Peer-to-Peer Home Networks Peer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications

MediaMedia Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks

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Peer-to-peerPeer-to-peer network - network - a network in which a network in which a small number of computers share a small number of computers share hardware, software and/or information. hardware, software and/or information.

Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home Network

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You can setup a small peer-to-peer You can setup a small peer-to-peer network network With Ethernet cards With Ethernet cards (NIC)(NIC) and dedicated and dedicated

cablescablesUsing the existing phone wiringUsing the existing phone wiring

Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home Network

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkHome Network ComponentsHome Network Components

Figure D.1Figure D.1Hub, Switch, and Router as Hub, Switch, and Router as Roadway IntersectionsRoadway Intersectionspage 428page 428

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkHome Network ComponentsHome Network ComponentsTypical Home Typical Home

NetworkNetwork

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home Network

Wireless network access pointWireless network access point or or wireless access pointwireless access point - a device that - a device that allows computers to access a wired allows computers to access a wired network using radio waves. network using radio waves.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home Network

WiFi, Wireless Fidelity, WiFi, Wireless Fidelity, or or IEEE 802.11b -IEEE 802.11b - a way of a way of transmitting information in wave form that is reasonably transmitting information in wave form that is reasonably fast and is often used for notebooks. fast and is often used for notebooks.

BluetoothBluetooth technology - provides entirely wireless technology - provides entirely wireless connections for all kinds of communication devices. connections for all kinds of communication devices.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications

MediaMedia Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

Internet AccessInternet Access

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Internet AccessInternet Access

Ways to Access the Internet at HomeWays to Access the Internet at Home

1.1. Telephone line and a telephone or dial-up modem. Telephone line and a telephone or dial-up modem. 2.2. Telephone line and a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Telephone line and a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

modem.modem.3.3. Cable TV line and a cable modem.Cable TV line and a cable modem.4.4. Satellite dish and a satellite modem. Satellite dish and a satellite modem. 5.5. Provider that offers wireless connection for your Provider that offers wireless connection for your

notebook. notebook.

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Internet Access Internet Access Wireless Internet ConnectionWireless Internet Connection

Wireless Internet service provider Wireless Internet service provider (wireless ISP)(wireless ISP) - does the same job as - does the same job as standard Internet service providers except standard Internet service providers except that you don’t need a wired connection for that you don’t need a wired connection for access. access.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications

MediaMedia Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

Business NetworksBusiness Networks

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Business NetworksBusiness Networks

Client/server networkClient/server network - a network in - a network in which one or more computers are servers which one or more computers are servers and provide services to the other and provide services to the other computers which are called clients.computers which are called clients.

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Client/Server ArchitectureClient/Server Architecture

Client Requests & ParametersRequests & Parameters

Disks for Storage

Server

Response & ResultsResponse & Results

TCP/IPHTTP

URLDatabase Query

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Business NetworksBusiness NetworksClient/Server: A Physical ViewClient/Server: A Physical View

There are many physical There are many physical implementations of client/server implementations of client/server networksnetworks

Conceptually, large networks work on Conceptually, large networks work on the same principles as small onesthe same principles as small ones

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Business NetworksBusiness NetworksClient/Server: A Physical ViewClient/Server: A Physical View

You still needYou still need Network cardsNetwork cards HubsHubs SwitchesSwitches RoutersRouters Communications media andCommunications media and Network operating systemsNetwork operating systems

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Business NetworksBusiness NetworksClient/Server: A Physical ViewClient/Server: A Physical View

Communications protocolCommunications protocol ( (protocolprotocol) - a ) - a set of rules that every computer follows to set of rules that every computer follows to transfer information. transfer information.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and LANs, MANs, WANs, and

Communications MediaCommunications Media Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

LANs, MANs, MANs and LANs, MANs, MANs and Communications MediaCommunications Media

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaClassification of Networks by Classification of Networks by

Geographic DistanceGeographic Distance

Local area network (LAN)Local area network (LAN) - - covers a limited geographic distance, covers a limited geographic distance, such as an office, building, or a group of buildings in close proximity such as an office, building, or a group of buildings in close proximity to each other. to each other.

Municipal area network (MAN) -Municipal area network (MAN) - covers a metropolitan area.covers a metropolitan area.

Wide area network (WAN)Wide area network (WAN) – – covers a large geographic distances, covers a large geographic distances, such as a state, a country, or even the entire world. such as a state, a country, or even the entire world.

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry InformationTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information

Communications mediaCommunications media - the paths, or physical - the paths, or physical channels, in a network over which information travels.channels, in a network over which information travels.

Wired communications mediaWired communications media - transmit information - transmit information over a closed, connected path. over a closed, connected path.

Wireless communications media -Wireless communications media - transmit information transmit information through the air. through the air.

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry InformationTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information

Wired Communications Media include:Wired Communications Media include: Twisted-pair cableTwisted-pair cable Coaxial cableCoaxial cable Optical FiberOptical Fiber

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry InformationTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information

Wireless Communications Media Include:Wireless Communications Media Include: MicrowaveMicrowave SatelliteSatellite InfraredInfrared

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaInfrared and Omnidirectional Microware for Short DistancesInfrared and Omnidirectional Microware for Short Distances

Wireless communications media radiate information into Wireless communications media radiate information into the air, either very narrowly beamed or in many the air, either very narrowly beamed or in many directions like ripples from a pebble tossed into a pond.directions like ripples from a pebble tossed into a pond.

InfraredInfrared - a wireless communications medium that uses radio - a wireless communications medium that uses radio waves to transmit signals or information.waves to transmit signals or information.

• BluetoothBluetooth

Microwave Microwave transmission - a type of radio transmission. transmission - a type of radio transmission. • WiFi WiFi

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications

MediaMedia Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

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Communications Service Providers Communications Service Providers

Communications service providersCommunications service providers - third - third parties who furnish the conduit for information. parties who furnish the conduit for information.

Public networkPublic network - a network on which your - a network on which your organization competes for time with others.organization competes for time with others.

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Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

Private networkPrivate network - communications media that your organization - communications media that your organization owns or exclusively leases to connect networks or network owns or exclusively leases to connect networks or network components. components.

Value-added network (VAN)Value-added network (VAN) - a semipublic network that provides - a semipublic network that provides services beyond the movement of information from one place to services beyond the movement of information from one place to another. another.

Virtual private network (VPN)Virtual private network (VPN) – – uses software to establish a uses software to establish a secure channel on the Internet for transmitting data.secure channel on the Internet for transmitting data.

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Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service ProvidersKey Considerations for Communications MediaKey Considerations for Communications Media

To determine the most To determine the most appropriate communications appropriate communications medium, you must consider:medium, you must consider: Capacity Capacity ReliabilityReliability CostCost DistanceDistance MobilityMobility