d4.4: definition of key performance indicators of the ......v1.0, 13/02/2017 v1.1, 06/03/2017 v1.2,...

D4.4: Definition of Key Performance Indicators of the developed Pitagoras concept

Project acronym: PITAGORAS

Project full title: SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING WITH INNOVATIVE AND LOW ENERGY THERMAL AND POWER GENERATION FROM RESIDUAL AND RENEWABLE SOURCES

Grant agreement no.: 314596

Doc. Ref.: PITAGORAS-WP4-Task 4.4-D4.4-V1.2.docx

Responsible: TECNALIA

Author(s): TECNALIA, SOLITES, BIOS, AIGUASOL

Date of issue: 14/03/2017

Status: V1.2

Security: Public

Change control:

Version and date Changes

V0.0, 30/09/2016

V0.1, 14/11/2016

V1.0, 13/02/2017

V1.1, 06/03/2017

V1.2, 14/03/2017

First draft with initial list of KPIs

Updated draft with revised and updated list of KPIs

1st version for revision by task 4.4. partners

Updated version with comments from task partners

Comments from the reviewer (ACCIONA) included

PITAGORAS-WP4-Task 4.4-D4.4-V1.2 D4.4: Definition of Key Performance Indicators of the developed Pitagoras concept Date of issue: 14/03/2017

Page ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS 1

1. INTRODUCTION 2

1.1. SUMMARY 2

1.2. PROJECT CONTEXT AND TASK PURPOSE 2

1.3. CONTRIBUTION OF PARTNERS 3

2. FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE 4

3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PITAGORAS SYSTEM 6

4. KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPIS) 7

4.1. TECHNICAL KPIS 10

4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL KPIS 23

4.3. ECONOMIC KPIS 28

4.4. SOCIAL KPIS 35

5. CONCLUSIONS 37

REFERENCES 38


Page 1/38

ABBREVIATIONS

SCIS Smart City Information System KPI Key performance indicator EAF Electric Arc Furnace WHRU Waste Heat Recovery Unit ORC Organic Rankine Cycle DH District Heating EC Energy carrier ESCO Energy Service Company GHG Greenhouse gases PE Primary energy PP payback period IRR Internal Rate of Return NPV Net Present Value EPBT Energy Payback Time


Page 2/38

1 . INTRODUCTION

1 .1 . SUMMARY

This deliverable aims at compiling all the necessary information with regards to the definition of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that are required by the Pitagoras project to assess the performance of the demonstration plant built within the project.

The KPIs assess the three pillars of sustainability commonly known: economic, environmental and social. To ensure well-tailored indicators, the technical dimension has been included in order to ensure complete and complementary views of the Pitagoras system.

All the KPIs are measurable and quantifiable aspects. To define them, there is the necessity to settle the minimum information required, set the limits of the system studied and define the calculation methodology is going to be used to be able to ensure that the maximum accuracy is reached.

This report contains information about the technical, environmental, economic and social KPIs defined for the developed Pitagoras concept demonstrated in the demo site of Brescia.

The deliverable D4.4. describes the work developed in Task 4.4. “Definition of Key Performance Indicators for the developed Pitagoras concept”. Here, the list of KPIs is defined, which will be calculated in Task 4.5. “Monitoring and performance evaluation of the demonstration plant” and reported in the related deliverable D4.5. “Monitoring and performance evaluation of the demonstration plant”.

1 .2 . PROJECT CONTEXT AND TASK PURPOSE

The work in this task has been performed in accordance to the work listed in the following tasks:

- Task 4.1. “Definition of monitoring concepts”. According to the prerequisites of the European Commission and as stated in Del D4.1., the monitoring should enable a comparison of the PITAGORAS project with other CONCERTO projects. This was already considered in the definition of the monitoring plan of the Brescia demo site, which was elaborated based on the EU document “CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 “Indicator Guide”, Version 4. The evaluation should fulfil the same intention; the KPIs defined in this task follow the same approach.

- Task 4.2. “Implementation of monitoring devices and definition of specifications of the Pitagoras monitoring platform”. In this task the details of the monitoring data to be provided by the pilot plant were defined. The defined KPIs are based on the measuring points and data availability defined in this task.

- Task 4.3. “Development of the Pitagoras monitoring platform”. As the task title indicates, the objective here is to develop the Pitagoras monitoring platform in which the most important monitoring data of the pilot plant will be shown, including several calculated parameters about the performance of the individual components, as well as the overall plant. Specifically, one of the screens of this platform is dedicated to show the most important KPIs and how they evolve with the time. Both tasks have been developed in parallel; Task 4.4. has feed in Task 4.3. regarding the KPIs to be reported.

- Task 6.3. “Networking with other Smart City initiatives and key institutions”. One of the activities in progress in this task is the communication with SCIS in order to agree the KPIs that will be


Page 3/38

reported to the SCIS and discuss available data and the procedure of data reporting. The on-going work in Task 4.4. has been discussed with SCIS to clarify doubts and ensure that we are following the correct approach for KPIs definition and monitoring and they are aligned with the most recent updates at SCIS.

In this report, particularly, the focus is on the definition of the final list of KPIs, their calculation methodology, their input data requirements and their relation to the case study. The defined KPIs are split into four main groups: technical, environmental, social and economic indicators.

As result from this report, the Pitagoras system´s performance will be assessed (in Task 4.5.) and shown in the monitoring platform (developed in Task 4.3.) through the KPIs defined following the established methodology.

1 .3 . CONTRIBUT ION OF PART NERS

The work in Task 4.4. has been developed by TECNALIA, SOLITES, AIGUASOL and BIOS. The main contributions from participant partners are specified in the following points:

- TECNALIA: task leader. Bibliography review. Definition of methodology to define KPIs. Main responsible for the definition of environmental KPIs. Writing of the report D4.4.

- SOLITES: main responsible for the definition of technical KPIs. - AIGUASOL: main responsible for the definition of socio-economic KPIs. - BIOS: cross-check of monitoring data availability and definition of requirements. Contribution to

final definition of KPIs.


Page 4/38

2 . FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE

The Pitagoras system contributes to the development of low energy and low carbon society reducing the fossil fuels consumption within an area and/or industry and favouring the deployment of energy efficient technologies and the use of waste energy. However, not only energy and environmental aspect should be taken into account, but also social, technical and economic targets and boundaries must be considered when the performance of the Pitagoras system is evaluated.

In this sense, Europe is working in the development and validation of indicators within international standards and committees, research and innovation projects, European initiatives, decision-making tools, strategic plans, etc. This section describes the framework of reference on which the work developed in this task has been built on, ensuring the alignment of the KPIs of the Pitagoras project with the most recent and relevant on-going activities and initiatives on the topic.

a. International standard:

“ISO 37120:2014 Sustainable development of communities – Indicators for city services and quality

of life” became the first international standard for cities to be published. Its main objective was to

establish a set of indicators to evaluate and monitor city performance in terms of sustainable

development and resilience.

b. Technical committee:

“ISO TC 268/WG2. Sustainable Development in Communities — Inventory and review of existing

frameworks on sustainable development and resilience in cities”, complements the list of indicators

from ISO 37120.

c. European projects and initiatives:

CONCERTO Premium. This initiative has built up a solid database where a great amount of projects and indicators are to be found, which have served as a basis for the ones defined in PITAGORAS. The EU document CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 “Indicator Guide”, Version 4 [1] has been used as reference.

Smart City Information System (SCIS). Supported by the European Commission, the SCIS is a continuation of the CONCERTO series of projects, started back in 2005. In particular the two reports “Technical monitoring guide” [2] and “KPI guide” [3] published on 15th July 2016 are to be mentioned.

CITYKEYS Project. The aim of CITYkeys is to develop and validate, with the aid of cities, KPIs and data collection procedures for the common and transparent monitoring as well as the comparability of smart city solutions across European cities. This initiative has served as basis for the development of the indicator forms [4]

CITyfiED project (“Replicable and Innovative Future Efficient Districts and Cities”, H2020 programme). Within “D2.25: Methodology for city renovation at district level. Systemic approach” [5] CITyFiED has defined KPIs for district renovation based on the European framework.


Page 5/38

REPLICATE project (“Renaissance of PLaces with Innovative Citizenship And Technology”, H2020 programme). Within “WP10: Monitoring” KPIs of different Smart City solutions have been defined at city and district level. The defined indicators have been reported on D10.1 “Report on indicators for monitoring at project level” and D10.2 “Report on indicators for monitoring at city level” [6]

“The Covenant of Mayors in Figures and Performance Indicators: 6-year Assessment” [7]. The European Commission’s Joint Research Centre just published a 6-year assessment report on the Covenant of Mayors. Based on the data collected from Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs), the report provides main statistics of the data set in terms of greenhouses emissions and estimated reductions, final energy consumptions and estimated energy savings and clean energy production in the local authorities.


Page 6/38

3 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PITAGORAS SYSTEM

The following figure represents the main idea and technologies behind the Pitagoras system concept demonstrated in Brescia demo site. The defined KPIs, reported in this deliverable, are applied to this system.

Melting steel scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF) is an energy intensive process. The Pitagoras pilot plant has been implemented in the EAF of ORI MARTIN steel mill, in which the energy in the generated flue gas was not utilized but cooled in a quenching tower before this intervention. The Pitagoras plant has allowed to revalorize the waste energy contained in the fumes.

In the new plant, the waste heat of the flue gas produced by the EAF-process is used in the waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) to form steam which then, during the summer period, feeds a water cooled Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbogenerator or heat exchangers for district heating (DH) supply to the city DH network during the winter period. The plant operates, therefore, in a seasonal mode; it produces electricity in summer time (for self-consumption of the steel mill) and district heat in winter time; each of them being characterized by the same duration of six months during the year.

More detailed information regarding the developed pilot plant is provided in the Pitagoras project deliverable D2.16. “Publishable report on the two demonstration plants” available in the project website (http://pitagorasproject.eu/) [8].

http://pitagorasproject.eu/


Page 7/38

4 . KEY PERFORMANCE INDI CATORS (KPIS)

This section describes the KPIs defined for the Pitagoras concept demonstrated in Brescia.

The relevant information on each KPI is collected in an harmonized way using the “input data forms”, which provide the following information for each indicator:

Indicator name

Relevant category: Technical, Environmental, Social or Economic

Definition according to the SCIS

Specific definition applied to Pitagoras project

Assessment method

Calculation formula

Calculation period

Expected data availability

Units

Stakeholders addressed

Comments

References

It should be clarified that when the KPI refers to an indicator defined by CONCERTO initiative, the CONCERTO numbering as reported in [ref] is mentioned in the “Indicator name”, in order to ease the evaluation between different CONCERTO and Smart City projects. Additionally, a second definition of the indicator, more specific to the solution developed within the PITAGORAS Project, is added when necessary so that the meaning of the indicator applied to the specific technology developed in the project can be clearly understood.

The fact that the PITAGORAS demo plant operates in two operation modes during the year (winter mode (from mid-October to mid-April): thermal energy production and summer mode (from mid-April to mid-October): electricity production) should be kept in mind. It has been necessary to define two separate indicators to refer to each of the operation modes.

The following table summarizes the complete list of KPIs defined in the Pitagoras project. Characterization of each indicator, providing the relevant information for each KPI, is provided in the following subsections 5.1., 5.2. and 5.3.


Page 8/38

Indicator name Definition applied to PITAGORAS project T

EC

HN

ICA

L K

PIs

TEC1 D2_1_3 Average efficiency - thermal energy Average efficiency of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH net during winter mode

TEC2 D2_1_3 Average efficiency - electricity Average efficiency of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer mode

TEC3 D3_1_3 Average power - thermal energy Average power of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH net during winter mode

TEC4 D3_1_3 Average power - electricity Average power of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer mode

TEC5 D3_2_3 Maximum power - thermal energy Maximum power of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH net during winter mode

TEC6 D3_2_3 Maximum power - electricity Maximum power of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer mode

TEC7 Minimum power - thermal energy Minimum delivered power of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH net during winter mode

TEC8 Minimum power - electricity Minimum delivered power of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer mode

TEC9 Source profile of waste heat Array of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant in amount of heat for a small time period (typically one hour) over one year

TEC10 Average power of available waste heat Average power of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant

TEC11 Maximum power of available waste heat Maximum power of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant

TEC12 Minimum power of available waste heat Minimum power of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant

TEC13 Average temperature of available waste heat Average inlet temperature of the flue gas entering the WHRU

TEC14 Average pressure of the produced steam Average pressure of the produced steam at the outlet of the steam drum (saturated steam)

TEC15 Amount of recovered waste heat Heat transferred from the flue gas to the water/steam in the WHRU

TEC16 Total thermal energy generation Delivered amount of heat of the DH substation to the DH net

TEC17 Total electricity generation Net amount of electricity produced by the pilot plant

TEC18 Average supply temperature Average temperature at which thermal energy is delivered from the pilot plant to the DH net

TEC19 D5 Peak load and load profile of thermal energy demand Peak load and load profile of the DH net over one typical year

TEC20 D7 Degree of congruence of calculated annual final energy demand and monitored consumption (adapted)

Degree of congruence of calculated waste heat consumption of the pilot plant over one year and final monitored waste heat consumption of the pilot plant over one year

TEC21 D8 Share of locally by waste heat source produced energy in the total energy consumption (for electricity) (adapted)

Degree of energetic self-supply of electricity by the produced electricity of the pilot plant (ORC-unit) and the electricity consumption of the entire factory over one year

TEC22 D10 Market share of technology in order to measure the degree of innovation

The degree of innovation of waste heat recovery in steel arc furnaces used to run a ORC plant and usage in DH net

TEC23 D11_3 Temporal predictability and controllability of energy supply

Temporal predictability and controllability of the electricity production of the ORC unit during summer period and of the DH substation during winter period

TEC24 D12_3 Visibility of technology The visibility of the pilot plant to (i) the employees of the factory and (ii) the public (possible open days to the public should be considered)


Page 9/38

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT

AL

KP

Is

ENV1 Avoided Greenhouse gas emissions Avoided GHG emission due to the heat delivered to the DH (which replaces the consumption of current energy sources in the network) and due to the produced electricity (which avoids the electricity consumption from the grid).

ENV2 Avoided total Primary Energy consumption Avoided total Primary Energy (PE) consumption, or PE savings, due to the heat delivered to the DH (which replaces the consumption of current energy sources in the network) and due to the produced electricity (which avoids the electricity consumption from the grid).

ENV3 Avoided non-renewable Primary Energy consumption Avoided Primary Energy (PE) consumption considering only the non-renewable part. It is due to the heat delivered to the DH (which replaces the consumption of current energy sources in the network) and due to the produced electricity (which avoids the electricity consumption from the grid).

ENV4 Avoided CO2 emissions Avoided CO2 emission due to the heat delivered to the DH (which replaces the consumption of current energy sources in the network) and due to the produced electricity (which avoids the electricity consumption from the grid).

ENV5 Energy Payback Time

EPBT (Energy Payback Time) quantifies the years that the system must be in operation to recover the amount of primary energy not renewable used throughout its life cycle (including the energy requirement for manufacturing, installation, energy use during operation and decomissioning). It is expressed as the ratio between the amount of energy used along its whole life (embodied energy) and the annual energy savings due to the produced energy

EC

ON

OM

IC K

PIs

ECO1 BA1_3 Specific investment (thermal power) Cumulated payments until the initial operation of the system, normalized by system capacity (thermal power)

ECO2 BA1_3 Specific investment (electrical power) Cumulated payments until the initial operation of the system, normalized by system capacity (electrical power)

ECO3 BB1_3 Total annual costs Sum of all the identified system costs

ECO4 CA3_3 Net Present Value (NPV) The Net Present Value (NPV) of the project calculated over the lifetime is a measure of financial project performance. If the NPV is positive, the benefits exceed the costs, and the project is worth pursuing.

ECO5 CA4_3 Internal rate of return (IRR) The IRR is the interest rate, also called the discount rate, that is required to bring the net present value to zero. That is the interest rate that would result in the present value of the capital investment, or cash outflow, being equal to the value of the total returns over time, or cash inflow

ECO6 BB2_3 Sum of total discounted costs (heating generation)

All annualized costs over plant lifetime

ECO7 BB2_3 Sum of total discounted costs (electricity generation)

All annualized costs over plant lifetime

ECO8 CO2 market target price This is the necessary price of the CO2 market to level the STC of the renewable/waste heat investment to the reference system. It can be interpreted also as the investment necessary to avoid the emission of one tone of CO2 by the analyzed solution

ECO9 CA5_3 Payback period Payback period (PP) is the time in which the initial cash outflow of an investment is expected to be recovered from the cash inflows generated by the investment

ECO10 Electricity bill reduction to steel industry Reduction on energy costs for the industry due to the system per unit of production

ECO11 BA2_3 Grants

SO

CIA

L

KP

Is SOC1 CC6_3 Number of jobs created* Number of new jobs due to the implementation of Pitagoras plant

SOC2 Equivalent number of dwellings served by the new system

The amount of dwellings served as if all the generated energy by the system was dedicated to the buildings


Page 10/38

4 .1 . TECHNICAL KPIS

The technical indicators are all those measurements which assess the performances related to the technical behaviour of the plant. The technical KPIs defined within the Pitagoras project for the developed solution are shown below.

TEC1: D2_1_3 Average efficiency – thermal energy

Indicator name D2_1_3 Average efficiency - thermal energy

Relevant cathegory Technical

Definition according to

CONCERTO/SCIS

Specific definition applied to

Pitagoras project

Assessment method Calculation with a formula using available project data

Calculation formula

Calculation period

Expected data availability Monitoring data

Units

Stakeholders addressed Industries, ESCOs, project developers

Comments

References CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 "Indicator Guide", Version 4

Monthly basis during winter mode (from mid October to mid April)

(Average) energy output of energy carrier EC by energy supply unit s

kWh/kWh

Average efficiency of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH net

during winter mode.

Amount of waste heat that is delivered to the DH substation and delivered amount of heat to

the DH net are the main parameters


Page 11/38

TEC2: D2_1_3 Average efficiency – electricity

TEC3: D3_1_3 Average power – thermal energy

Indicator name D2_1_3 Average efficiency - electricity



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period


Units


Comments


(Average) energy output of energy carrier EC by energy supply unit s

Average efficiency of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer mode.

Monthly basis durign summer mode (from mid April to mid October)

kWh/kWh

Amount of waste heat that is delivered to the ORC-unit and delivered electricity to the industry

plant are the main parameters

Indicator name D3_1_3 Average power - thermal energy



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period


Units


Comments



kW/kW

(Average) power of energy carrier EC by energy supply unit s

Average power of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH net during

winter mode

Delivered amount of heat of the DH substation to the DH net and average capacity of heat

delivery of DH substation are the main parameters.

The CONCERTO formula should be adapted by reducing the 8760 hours of the whole year to a

half as the plant operates in two different modes, each one for a duration of 6 months.


Page 12/38

TEC4: D3_1_3 Average power – electricity

Indicator name D3_1_3 Average power - electricity



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period


Units


Comments


(Average) power of energy carrier EC by energy supply unit s

Average power of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer mode

Monthly basis during summer mode (from mid April to mid October)

kW/kW

Delivered electricity from the ORC-unit to the industry plant and average capacity of electricity

output of the ORC unit are the main parameters.




Page 13/38

TEC5: D3_2_3 Maximum power – thermal energy

Indicator name D3_2_3 Maximum power - thermal energy



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation periodExpected data availability Monitoring data

Units


Comments



Maximum power of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH net

during winter mode

Maximum power of energy carrier EC by energy supply unit s per energy input (demand/

consumption) based on a partition of year t

kW/kW

Delivered amount of heat of the DH substation to the DH net and maximum capacity of heat

delivery of DH substation are the main parameters.




Page 14/38

TEC6: D3_2_3 Maximum power – electricity

TEC7: Minimum power – thermal energy

Indicator name D3_2_3 Maximum power - electricity



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula


Units


Comments


Delivered electricity from the ORC-unit to the industry plant and maximum capacity of

electricity output of the ORC unit are the main parameters.



kW/kW

Maximum power of energy carrier EC by energy supply unit s per energy input (demand/

consumption) based on a partition of year t

Maximum power of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer mode


Indicator name Minimum power - thermal energy



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Check available project data for minimum

Calculation formula


Units


Comments

References Self defined KPI


Minimum power of energy supply unit s

Minimum delivered power of the whole pilot plant for the amount of heat delivered to the DH

net during winter mode

No formula necessary

kW/kW

Average minimum power of delivered amount of heat of the DH substation to the DH net and

average capacity of heat delivery of DH substation are the main parameters. Non-typical

operating days should be disregarded.


Page 15/38

TEC8: Minimum power – electricity

TEC9: Source profile of waste heat

Indicator name Minimum power - electricity



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula


Units


Comments


Minimum power of energy supply unit s

Minimum delivered power of the whole pilot plant for electricity production during summer

mode


kW/kW

Average minimum power of delivered electricity from the ORC-unit to the industry plant

maximum capacity of electricity output of the ORC unit are the main parameters. Non-typical

operating days should be disregarded.


Indicator name Source profile of waste heat



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Analysis of monitoring data

Definition formula

Calculation period annual


Units


Comments

References Self defined KPI on basis of D4_1_1 Load profile of CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 "Indicator

Guide", Version 4.

Profile of waste heat that is the enery source for the pilot plant

kWh/h

The source profile describes the characteristics of the waste heat that is delivered to the pilot

plant over time.

Array of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant in amount of heat for a small time

period (typically one hour) over one year


Page 16/38

TEC10: Average power of available waste heat

TEC11: Maximum power of available waste heat

Indicator name Average power of available waste heat



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Definition formula

Calculation period


Units


Comments

References Self defined KPI on basis of D3_1_3 Average power of CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 "Indicator

Guide", Version 4

Monthly basis during the whole year

kW/kW

Amount of waste heat that is available in the Waste Heat Recovery Unit (WHRU) and the

average thermal power of the WHRU are the main parameters.

Average power of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant

Indicator name Maximum power of available waste heat



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Definition formula

Calculation period


Units


Comments

References Self defined KPI on basis of D3_2_3 Maximum power of CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3

"Indicator Guide", Version 4


Maximum power of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant

kW/kW


maximum thermal power of the WHRU are the main parameters


Page 17/38

TEC12: Minimum power of available waste heat

TEC13: Waste heat average temperature

TEC14: Average pressure of the produced steam

Indicator name Minimum power of available waste heat



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Definition formula No formula necessary

Calculation period


Units


Comments

References


Self defined KPI

kW/kW


minimum thermal power of the WHRU are the main parameters

Minimum power of waste heat that is delivered to the pilot plant

Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Calculated from monitoring data


Calculation period Monthly basis during the whole year


Units


Comments


Waste heat average temperature

Average inlet temperature of the flue gas entering the WHRU

ºC

Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project





Units


Comments


Average pressure of the produced steam at the outlet of the steam drum (saturated steam)

bar

Average pressure of the produced steam


Page 18/38

TEC15: Amount of recovered waste heat

TEC16: Total thermal energy generation

Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Calculation with a formula using available monitoring data

Definition formula



Units


Comments


Heat transferred from the flue gas to the water/steam in the WHRU

kWh

Amount of recovered waste heat

)

EWHRU: amount of recovered waste heat (kWh)

mwater/steam: steam flow through WHRU (kg/s)

Hsteam,out: enthalpy of the steam flow at the outlet of WHRU (kJ/kg)

Hwater,in: enthalpy of the water flow at the inlet of WHRU (kJ/kg)

Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Definition formula



Units


Comments


Total thermal energy generation

Delivered amount of heat of the DH substation to the DH net

kWh

)

EDH: total thermal energy generation (kWh)

mDH: flow of the DH network circulating through the substation of the pilot plant (kg/s)

cp: specific heat of the flow circulating through the substation of the pilot plant (kJ/kgK)

TDH,supply: supply flow temperature at the substation (ºC)

TDH,return: return flow temperature at the substation (ºC)


Page 19/38

TEC17: Total electricity generation

TEC18: Average supply temperature

Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Definition formula



Units


Comments


kWh

Total electricity generation

Net amount of electricity produced by the pilot plant

Eelec: total electricity generation by the pilot plant (kWh)EORC: gross electricity produced by the ORC (kWh)EORC,aux : electricity consumption of the ORC (kWh)Eplant,aux : electricity consumption of the pilot plant (kWh)

Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project





Units


Comments


ºC

Average supply temperature

Average temperature at which the thermal energy is delivered from the pilot plant to the DH

net


Page 20/38

TEC19: D5 Peak load and load profile of thermal energy demand

Indicator name D5 Peak load and load profile of thermal energy demand



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Definition formula peak load

Definition formula load profile

Calculation period Annual


Units


Comments

References CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 "Indicator Guide", Version 4.

Peak load and load profile of the DH net over one typical year.

The peak load and the load profile describes the characteristics of thermal energy demand

over time.

kW and kWh/h

The peak load and the load profile of the thermal heat energy demand require a high temporal

resolution. The thermal energy supply has to be able to cover the peak load.


Page 21/38

TEC20: D7 Degree of congruence of calculated annual final energy demand and monitored consumption (adapted)

TEC21: D8 Share of locally by waste heat source produced energy in the total energy consumption (for electricity) (adapted)

Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Analysis of design and monitoring data

Definition formula

Calculation period One year

Expected data availability Design and monitoring data

Units


Comments


%

See specific definition applied to Pitagoras project

Degree of congruence of calculated waste heat consumption of the pilot plant over one year

and final monitored waste heat consumption of the pilot plant over one year.

The degree of congruence of calculated final energy demand and monitored consumption is

defined as the ratio of the final energy demand of a system and the final energy consumption

of the same system over a period of time (year).

D7 Degree of congruence of calculated annual final energy demand and monitored

consumption (adapted)


Indicator name



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Analysis of monitoring data

Calculation period


Units


Comments

References CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 "Indicator Guide", Version 4, adapted.

The degree of energetic self-supply is defined as ratio of locally produced energy out of waste

heat usage in the pilot plant and the local consumption over a period of time (year).

kWh/kWh

Degree of energetic self-supply of electricity by the produced electricity of the pilot plant (ORC-

unit) and the electricity consumption of the entire factory over one year.

Produced electricity of the ORC-plant that is delivered to the factory and electricity

consumption of the entire factory over one year.

D8 Share of locally by waste heat source produced energy in the total energy consumption

(for electricity) (adapted)

Monthly basis during summer mode (from mid April to mid October)


Page 22/38

TEC22: D10 Market share of technology in order to measure the degree of innovation

TEC23: D11_3 Temporal predictability and controllability of energy supply

Indicator name D10 Market share of technology in order to measure the degree of innovation



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Guess of project participants

Definition formula

Calculation period -

Expected data availability -

Units


Comments


The degree of innovation of a technical measure can be indicated by the share of this

technology in the national market – e.g. the ratio of sold wood pellet stoves and sold heating

systems within one country and year

%


The degree of innovation of waste heat recovery in steel arc furnaces used to run a ORC plant

and usage in DH net

Indicator name D11_3 Temporal predictability and controllability of energy supply



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Analysis of design and monitoring data

Definition formula

Calculation period Summer period for electricity production and winter period for heat production.

Expected data availability Monitoring and design data.

Units


Comments


The temporal predictability and controllability of an energy supply unit or a set of energy

supply units is measured using a qualitative scale. E.g. heat pumps have a better temporal

predictability and controllability than wind turbines and photovoltaic

Temporal predictability and controllability of the electricity production of the ORC unit during

summer period and of the DH substation during winter period

-



Page 23/38

TEC24: D12_3 Visibility of technology

4 .2 . ENVIRONMENTAL KPIS

The environmental indicators are all those measurements which assess the performances related to the environmental impact. The environmental KPIs defined within the Pitagoras project for the developed solution are shown below.

Indicator name D12_3 Visibility of technology



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Guess of project participants

Definition formula

Calculation period -

Expected data availability -

Units


Comments

References CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 "Indicator Guide", Version 4.

-

The visibility of the pilot plant to (i) the employees of the factory and (ii) the public (possible

open days to the public should be considered)

The visibility of an energy supply unit is measured using a qualitative scale. E.g. photovoltaic is

more visible than a biomass boiler in the basement



Page 24/38

ENV1: Avoided greenhouse gas emissions

Indicator name Avoided greenhouse gas emissions

Relevant cathegory Environmental


CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula



Units

Stakeholders addressed Industries, ESCOs, project developers, DH utilities, public authorities

Comments

References Self-defined, based on the document "Key Performance Indicator Guide" (SCIS) - adapted

The pilot plant produces heat and electricity from waste heat. No impacts are considered for

the waste heat and the emissions caused by the production of the energy supply unit

components are excluded, thus under this assumption there are no environmental impacts

associated to this plant and instead, avoided impacts are calculated.

The greenhouse gas (GHG), particulate matter, NOx and SO2 emissions of a large-scale energy

supply unit correspond to the emissions that are caused by the energy output. To enable the

comparability between energy supply units, the total energy demand is related to the energy

output of the energy supply unit

tonCO2 eq

Avoided GHG emission due to the heat delivered to the DH (which replaces the consumption

of current energy sources in the network) and due to the produced electricity (which avoids

the electricity consumption from the grid).

Monitoring data. Conversion factors from existing literature and available information on the

national electricity mix and Brescia district heating network

Avoided GHG emissions = [Eelec, ORC -Eelec, plant]·Felec,GWP + Eth·Fth, GWP

Input parameters

Eelec, ORC = Net electricity produced by the ORC (kWhel/a)Eelec, plant = Total electricity consumption of pilot plant (without considering the internal electricity consumption of the ORC) (kWhel/a)Eth = Total thermal energy delivered to the District Heating network from the pilot plant (kWhth/a)Felec, GWP = conversion factor to GHG emissions from electricity (kgCO2eq/kWh el)Fth, GWP = conversion factor to GHG emissions from district heat (kgCO2eq/kWh th)


Page 25/38

ENV2: Avoided total Primary Energy consumption

Indicator name Avoided total Primary Energy consumption

Relevant cathegory


CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula



Units


Comments


kWh




associated to this plant and instead, avoided impacts are calculated



Environmental

Avoided total Primary Energy (PE) consumption, or PE savings, due to the heat delivered to the

DH (which replaces the consumption of current energy sources in the network) and due to the

produced electricity (which avoids the electricity consumption from the grid)

Avoided total PE consumption = [Eelec, ORC -Eelec, plant]·Felec,PE + Eth·Fth, PE

Input parameters

Eelec, ORC = Net electricity produced by the ORC (kWhel/a)Eelec, plant = Total electricity consumption of pilot plant (without considering the internal electricity consumption of the ORC) (kWhel/a)Eth = Total thermal energy delivered to the District Heating network from the pilot plant (kWhth/a)Felec, PE = conversion factor to PE from electricity (kWh/kWhel)Fth, PE = conversion factor to PE from district heat (kWh/kWh)


Page 26/38

ENV3: Avoided non-renewable Primary Energy consumption

Indicator name Avoided non-renewable Primary Energy consumption



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period


Units


Comments


kWh








Avoided Primary Energy (PE) consumption considering only the non-renewable part. It is due

to the heat delivered to the DH (which replaces the consumption of current energy sources in

the network) and due to the produced electricity (which avoids the electricity consumption

from the grid).

Avoided non-renewable PE consumption = [Eelec, ORC -Eelec, plant]·Felec,PE,non-ren + Eth·Fth, PE,non-re

Input parameters

Eelec, ORC = Net electricity produced by the ORC (kWhel/a)Eelec, plant = Total electricity consumption of pilot plant (without considering the internal electricity consumption of the ORC) (kWhel/a)Eth = Total thermal energy delivered to the District Heating network from the pilot plant (kWhth/a)Felec, PE, non-ren = conversion factor to non-renewable PE from electricity (kWh/kWhel)Fth, PE, non-ren = conversion factor to non-renewable PE from district heat (kWh/kWh)


Page 27/38

ENV4: Avoided CO2 emissions

ENV5: Energy Payback Time (EPBT)

Indicator name Avoided CO2 emissions



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period


Units


Comments

References





tonCO2


Self-defined indicator, based on the document "Key Performance Indicator Guide" - adapted

Avoided CO2 emission due to the heat delivered to the DH (which replaces the consumption of

current energy sources in the network) and due to the produced electricity (which avoids the

electricity consumption from the grid)



Avoided CO2 emissions = [Eelec, ORC -Eelec, plant]·Felec,CO2 + Eth·Fth, CO2

Input parameters

Eelec, ORC = Net electricity produced by the ORC (kWhel/a)Eelec, plant = Total electricity consumption of pilot plant (without considering the internal electricity consumption of the ORC) (kWhel/a)Eth = Total thermal energy delivered to the District Heating network from the pilot plant (kWhth/a)Felec, CO2 = conversion factor to CO2 emissions from electricity (kWh/kWhel)Fth, CO2 = conversion factor to CO2 emissions from district heat (kWh/kWh)

Indicator name Energy Payback Time



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period Annual

Expected data availability Monitoring data and Life Cycle Assessment from the project

Units


Comments

References Self-defined indicator

years

EPBT (Energy Payback Time) quantifies the years that the system must be in operation to

recover the amount of primary energy not renewable used throughout its life cycle (including

the energy requirement for manufacturing, installation, energy use during operation and

decomissioning). It is expressed as the ratio between the amount of energy used along its

whole life (embodied energy) and the annual energy savings due to the produced energy

EPBT (years)= Einput / Esaved

Input parameters

Einput = non-renewable PE consumption of the system along its whole life (to be calculated with LCA)Esaved = non-rewewable PE savings = avoided non-renewable PE consumption


Page 28/38

4 .3 . ECONOMIC KPIS

The defined economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance. The economic KPIs defined within the Pitagoras project for the developed solution are shown below.

ECO1: BA1_3 Specific investment (thermal power)

Indicator name BA1_3 Specific investment (thermal power)

Relevant cathegory Economy


CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period Once in a lifetime

Expected data availability Project financial data

Units €/kWth

Stakeholders addressed Industries, ESCo, project developers

Comments


Cumulated payments until the initial operation of the system.Furthermore, investments are

related to the maximum energy output of the energy supply unit (e.g. electrical capacity,

heating capacity, cooling capacity) in order to improve the comparability

Cumulated payments until the initial operation of the system, normalized by system capacity

(thermal power)

The split of the costs between heat and electricity generation should be done according to

section 1.2.1.8 of the CONCERTO Indicator Guideline


Page 29/38

ECO2: BA1_3 Specific investment (electrical power)

Indicator name BA1_3 Specific investment (electrical power)



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula



Units €/kWel


Comments


Cumulated payments until the initial operation of the system.Furthermore, investments are

related to the maximum energy output of the energy supply unit (e.g. electrical capacity,

heating capacity, cooling capacity) in order to improve the comparability

Cumulated payments until the initial operation of the system, normalized by system capacity

(electrical power)




Page 30/38

ECO3: BB1_3 Total annual costs

Indicator name BB1_3 Total annual costs



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method

Calculation formula



Units €/kW

Stakeholders addressed Industries, ESCo,project developers

Comments


Sum of capital-related annual costs, requirement-related costs, operation-related costs and

other costs. These costs (can) vary for each year. Capital-related costs encompass

depreciation, interests and repairs caused by the investment. Requirement-related costs

include power costs, auxiliary power costs, fuel costs, costs for operating resources and in

some cases external costs.Operation-related costs include among other things the costs of

using the installation and costs of servicing and inspection. Other costs include costs of

insurance, general output, uncollected taxes etc



Sum of all the identified system costs

Based on economic data from the project for the capital related costs. Other costs that will

not be possible to assess within the project lifetime can be calculated from reference

documentation (for example, VDI 2067, already used in other deliverables such as D2.3 and

D2.13)


Page 31/38

ECO4: CA3_3 Net Present Value (NPV)

ECO5: CA4_3 Internal rate of return (IRR)

Indicator name CA3_3 Net Present Value (NPV)



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Calculation with a formula using data on project’s financial benefits and costs

Calculation formula

Calculation period This is variable for each stakeholder. We suggest 5 or 10 years


Units €

Stakeholders addressed Industries, ESCo

Comments

References CITYKEYS project, http://www.citykeys-project.eu/

CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 "Indicator Guide", Version 4

SCIS, http://smartcities-infosystem.eu/

The Net Present Value (NPV) of the project calculated over the lifetime is a measure of

financial project performance. If the NPV is positive, the benefits exceed the costs, and the

project is worth pursuing

Defined as the sum of the discounted annual incoming cash-flows related to the investment

less the discounted annual outgoing cash-flows related to the investment less the discounted

annual incoming cash-flows related to the baseline plus the discounted annual outgoing cash-

flows related to the baseline over a period of time

Input parameters:Io = Initial investment in t0 [€]Et = Cash inflow in t [€]At = Cash outflow in t [€]i = discount rateT = Reference study period [years]

Indicator name CA4_3 Internal rate of return (IRR)



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula

Calculation period This is variable for each stakeholder


Units %

Stakeholders addressed Industries, ESCo

Comments

References CITYKEYS project, http://www.citykeys-project.eu/



The IRR of an investment causing energy savings or energy production in comparison to a

baseline is defined as the interet rate that results into a net present value of zero

The IRR is the interest rate, also called the discount rate, that is requiered to bring the net

present value to zero. That is the interest rate that would result in the present value of the

capital investment, or cash outflow, being equal to the value of the total returns over time, or

cash inflow

Input parameters:Io = Initial investment in t0 [€]Et = Cash inflow in t [€]At = Cash outflow in t [€]T = Reference study period [years]


Page 32/38

ECO6: BB2_3 Sum of total discounted costs (heating generation)

Indicator name BB2_3 Sum of total discounted costs (heating generation)



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras projectAll annualized costs over plant lifetime


Calculation formula

Calculation period Plant lifetime


Units

Stakeholders addressed ESCo, project developers, public authorities

Comments


The sum of discounted total annual costs is calculated over a period of time. The latter can be

determined by the time of initial operation of the system (after the construction or after the

refurbishment) or the energy supply unit and the calculated service life

€/kWh, €/MWh

This is equivalent to what IEA calls Levelized Cost of Heat


Page 33/38

ECO7: BB2_3 Sum of total discounted costs (electricity generation)

Indicator name BB2_3 Sum of total discounted costs (electricity generation)



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras projectAll annualized costs over plant lifetime


Calculation formula



Units

Stakeholders addressed ESCo, project developers, public authorities

Comments This is equivalent to what IEA calls Levelized Cost of Heat


€/kWh, €/MWh

The sum of discounted total annual costs is calculated over a period of time. The latter can be

determined by the time of initial operation of the system (after the construction or after the

refurbishment) or the energy supply unit and the calculatedservice life


Page 34/38

ECO8: CO2 market target price

ECO9: CA5_3 Payback period

Indicator name CO2 market target price



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project


Calculation formula


Expected data availability Previously defined indicators

Units

Stakeholders addressed ESCo, project developers, plublic authorities

CommentsReferences Self-defined indicator (D2.13)

This is the necessary price of the CO2 market to level the STC of the renewable/waste heat

investment to the reference system. It can be interpreted also as the investment necessary to

avoid the emission of one tone of CO2 by the analyzed solution

€/CO2 ton

Indicator name CA5_3 Payback period



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Calculation with a formula

Calculation formula

Calculation period --


Units


Comments


CITYKEYS project, http://www.citykeys-project.eu/

Payback period (PP) is the time in which the initial cash outflow of an investment is expected

to be recovered from the cash inflows generated by the investment

years

The dynamic payback period of an investment causing energy savings or energy production in

comparison to a baseline is defined as the smallest planning horizon that causes a non-

negative net present value


Page 35/38

ECO10: Electricity bill reduction to steel industry

ECO11: BA2_3 Grants

4 .4 . SOCIAL KPIS

Social indicators are defined to measure the impact of the developed solution on the society. The particularities of the developed solution and availability of data limits a wider assessment on social terms. The following indicators have been defined as social KPIs.

Indicator name Electricity bill reduction to steel industry



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras projectAssessment method

Calculation formula

Calculation period 1 year

Expected data availability Project information and monitoring data

Units

Stakeholders addressed Industries, project developers

Comments

References Self-defined indicator based on SCIS guidelines

Reduction on energy costs for the industry due to the system

Calculation with a formula using available project data

This should be done normalized to industry production to account for the variations in

production

€/steel ton processed

Reduction on energy costs for the industry due to the system per unit of production

Eel: electricity produced per year (kWh)

cel: electricity price (€/kWh)S: steel ton processed per year (ton)

Indicator name BA2_3 Grants



CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method From data directly

Calculation formula -

Calculation period Once in a lifetimeExpected data availability Project dataUnits €/kWStakeholders addressed Industries, ESCo, project developers

Comments





The (here: investment-related) grant is defined as the part of the investment that is granted by

a grant provider

References


Page 36/38

SOC1: CC6_3 Number of jobs created

SOC2: Equivalent gross floor area served by the new system

Indicator name CC6_3 Number of jobs created

Relevant cathegory Social


CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method Qualitative - from project partners

Calculation formula None

Calculation period Lifetime of the project

Expected data availability Guess from project partners

Units

Stakeholders addressed Public authorities, citizens

Comments



Number of jobs created in the course of the project

Number of new jobs due to the implementation of Pitagoras plant

nº of people

Indicator name Equivalent number of dwellings served by the new system

Relevant cathegory Social


CONCERTO/SCIS


Pitagoras project

Assessment method

Calculation formula

Calculation period 1 year

Expected data availability Project monitoring data

Units

Stakeholders addressed Citizens, public authorities

Comments

References Self-defined indicator based on SCIS guidelines

The amount of dwellings served as if all the generated energy by the system was dedicated to

the buildings

Calculation with a formula

--


Page 37/38

5 . CONCLUSIONS

This report provides the technical, environmental, economic and social KPIs that have been defined for the Pitagoras concept based on industrial waste heat revalorisation demonstrated in the Brescia demo site.

The pilot plant is under an extensive monitoring campaign at the moment. One year operation data will be available by October 2017. The next step as continuation of the work performed in this task is the calculation and reporting of the defined indicators. The ones that are “static” (to be calculated once) will be assessed with one year operation data. There are others that are “dynamic”; these are being calculated on weekly basis internally by the partners involved on the detailed performance assessment and they will be reported on monthly basis on the Pitagoras monitoring platform and in deliverable D4.5. “Monitoring and performance evaluation of the demonstration plant”, which will provide to the users an overview of the pilot plant performance evolution over the year.


Page 38/38

REFERENCES

[1] CONCERTO Premium WP 1/3 “Indicator Guide”, Version 4 (13.11.2012)

[2] SCIS Technical Monitoring Guide, published on 15th July 2016, http://www.smartcities-infosystem.eu/library/scis-essential-monitoring-guides

[3] SCIS Key Performance Indicator guide, published on 15th July 2016, http://www.smartcities-infosystem.eu/library/scis-essential-monitoring-guides

[4] CITYkeys project, http://www.citykeys-project.eu/

[5] CITyFIED project, Replicable and innovative future efficient districts and cities, http://es.cityfied.eu/

[6] REPLICATE project, Renaissance of Places with Innovative Citizenship and Technologies, http://replicate-project.eu/

[7] Covenant of Mayors in Figures and Performance Indicators: 6 year Assessment, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, 2015

[8] PITAGORAS project, http://pitagorasproject.eu

http://www.smartcities-infosystem.eu/library/scis-essential-monitoring-guides




http://www.citykeys-project.eu/

http://es.cityfied.eu/

http://replicate-project.eu/

http://pitagorasproject.eu/

d4.4: definition of key performance indicators of the ......v1.0, 13/02/2017 v1.1, 06/03/2017 v1.2,...

Documents