dada. dada or dadaism is a cultural movement that began in zurich, switzerland during world war i...
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DADADADA
Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Zurich,
Switzerland during World War I and peaked from
1916 to 1922.Literally, the word dada means several
things in several languages: "hobbyhorse" in French, “good-bye” or “get off my back”
in German and "yes yes” in Slavic.
Some authorities say that the name Dada is a nonsensical word chosen at random
from a dictionary.
No
Wa
r
Dada was, officially, not a movement, its artists not artists and its art not
art. Dada was a literary and artistic attitude
born in Europe at a time when the shocking tragedies of World War I were happening in their own lives.
These citizens were furious that the advanced European society would allow
the war to have happened. They were so angry, in fact, that they
undertook the time-honored tradition of protesting.
The Machine Age is a term associated
mostly with the early 20th century.
The Machine Age and WWI
greatly affected the world of art.
Banding together in a loosely-knit group, these writers and artists used any
public forum they could find to
(metaphorically) spit on nationalism,
rationalism, materialism and any other -ism which they felt had contributed to a senseless war.
photo montage by Raoul Hausmann
DaDa’s leading member
was Marcel
Duchamp,
who in 1913
created his first
ready-made:
the "Bicycle Wheel,"
consisting of a
wheel mounted on
the seat
of a stool.
Dada artists typically produced art objects in
different forms produced by
unusual methods.
They often used collage and assemblage of
everyday mechanical objects. “Fountain” (1917) by Frenchman Marcel Duchamp; photograph by Alfred Stieglitz.
As if the mustache and beard weren't enough of a poke at
this most famous of paintings, the letters he penciled —
L.H.O.O.Q. — at the bottom are meaningless in English,
but when read aloud in French means:
"She has a hot “behind”."
Duchamp took this postcard of “the Mona Lisa” and painted a mustache on it.
(he thought, why should an artists
want to contribute time and effort to a society in the face of such
brutality)
“Mechanical Head
“,1919
assemblage:
*mannequin head
*aluminum cup
*brass & cardboard labels
*part of a telescope
*a pipe
*dressmaker's measure
*a watch gear-wheel
*a printing roller,…
Raoul Hausmann
Hausmann used new techniques in many mediums, shocking juxtapositions,
collages, and nonsensical writings.
Also, various abstract art styles developed during the 20th century, as the realm of the real in art was
taken over by photography.
Raoul Hausmann (Austrian)
Max Ernst Germany
“Two Ambiguous Figures”, 1920 (ambiguous - having a double meaning)
“Murdering Airplane”
Dada-like activities were created by American artist/photographer, Man Ray and French artist, Francis Picabia.
Man Ray: “Violin” In the U.S. the
movement was
centered in New
York at famous
photographer,
Alfred Stieglitz's
gallery, “291”.
Portrait of Francis Picabia by Man Ray
“Love Parade” 1917 Francis Picabia
“Hera”
“Madonna”
“Machine Turn Quickly”
Francis Picabia
Man Ray, American (working in France)
“Das Undbild”, 1919 ("The And-Picture")
Kurt Schwitters, German
George Grosz, also a German Expressionist
visu
al
DADA
DADA
AR
T
Patteson
DaDa
Dada had only one rule: Never follow any known rules.
Dada self-destructedwhen it was in danger
of becoming "acceptable".
Oedipus Oedipus RexRex, 1922, 1922
Max Ernst
Dadaism developed into the more popular style of SURREALISM
To be continued ...
Collage can go beyond the two-dimensional format.
A three-dimensional collage is called an assemblage.
ReliefAssemblage
(one-sided) sculpture
Representational
Non-representational
Assemblagesculpture
in the round
viewed from
all angles
Mobile
assemblage
One of the most famous assemblage artists was American
artist, Louise
Nevelson.
Louise Nevelson is known for her
Abstract Expressionist
“crates” grouped together to form a
new creation. She used found
objects or everyday discarded things in her “assemblages”, one of which was three stories high.
"When you put together things that other people have thrown out,
you’re really bringing them to life – a spiritual life that surpasses the life for which
they were originally created."
Nevelson often worked in shallow-relief, and often monochromatically.
Nevelson's work is not easily allied with any one movement, though it has been
variously linked to Cubism, Dada, and Abstract Expressionism.