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GLOBAL INTERNATIONALWATERS ASSESSMENTCoalition Clean Baltic Annual Conference

Svetlogorsk 27-29 May 2005

Dag DalerGIWA Scientific Director

GLOBAL INTERNATIONALWATERS ASSESSMENT

Global International Waters Assessment

GLOBAL INTERNATIONALWATERS ASSESSMENTKalmar Kalmar hosthost for GIWAfor GIWA

QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION

Presentation:

QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION• State of the environment• Social, economical and environmental qualities.• Environmental sustainability• Sustainable development in general.


Water is life – the ecosystem approach

River basins and coasts – from the mountains to the sea


The Baltic sea


GIWA 5 Concerns (22 Issues)

• Freshwater shortage (Reduction of stream flow; Lowering of water table and; Pollution of existing water supplies)

• Pollution (Microbiological pollution; Eutrophication; Chemical pollution; Suspended solids; Solid waste; Thermal pollution; Radionuclides; Spills)

• Habitat and community modification (Loss of ecosystems or ecotones; Modificationof ecosystems or ecotones)

• Unsustainable exploitation of fisheries and other living resources(Inappropriate harvesting practices; Resources/habitat changes; Habitat destruction; Decreased viability of stock through contamination and disease; Biodiversity impacts)

• Global change (Changes in hydrological cycles; Sea level change; Increased UV-B radiation as a result of ozone depletion; Changes in ocean carbon dioxide source/sink function)


Socio-economic indicators

• Economic impact (Direct and indirect)

• Health impact (Seriousness of the health problem and number of peopleaffected)

• Other social and community impact (Estetic values, life style values etc)


The Severity Assessment(Scaling/Scoping)


Nutrient input to the Baltic Sea - Phosforus


Nutrient input to the Baltic Sea - Nitrogen


The environmental costs will always have to be covered; the remaining question is ”who has to pay?”

Those who induce the environmental costs – any opportunity costs included – should account for them.


Eutrophication

Environmental impacts:• Loss of commercial valuable fish• Loss of benthic fauna• Modifications of ecosystems and ecotones• Toxic algal blooms• Oxygen depletion

Socio-economic impacts:• Loss of recreational value• Cost of drinking water treatment• Infections, diseases and allergies


Root causes behind the problem with Eutrophication

Waterborne inputs:• Intensive agriculture; Excessive use of fertilisers and high livestock

density• Ineffective technology; Poor implementation of modern agricultural

technology• Lack of Governance; Lack to successfully integrate environmental policy

into agricultural policy. Lack of adequate government land use policies, and lack of regulations for land use conservation and use of water resources.

• Urbanisation and Economy: Low investment in waste water treatment facilities leading to increased discharge of municipal and industrial pollutants; High urbanisation rate;

Airborne inputs:• Governance: Ineffective laws and regulations to control emissions; Lack of

adequate transport policy; Increased sea and road traffic


Overexploitation of fish

Environmental impacts:• Considerable changes in the structure and number of fish

populations• Decline in spawning stock size• Decrease in total landings of commercial species

Socio-economic impacts:• Loss of revenues from fishing• Loss of livelyhood and increased unemployment in the fishery

sector• Impacts in the fishing markets due to uncertainty and variablity

of fish landings


Root causes behind the problem with overfishing:

• Economic: Fishing subsidies, market failure and economic reform failures.

• Education: Knowledge: Inappropriate assessment methods.• Governance and legal: Fishery management coordination,

fishery control and fishery statistics.


Recommended Policy Options

• To b build public awareness. Implement the “Baltic watch” information system on the Interrnet.

• To integrate environmental policies with agricultural policies by supporting co-operation networks and action programmes

• To strengthen sustainable fisheries by means of increased co-operation in the field of control and enforcement as well as to integrate fishery policies with economic and environmental strategies

• To implement the EU Water Framework Directive in all the EU countries situated in the catchment area of the Baltic Sea and to ensure similar actions in Russia.


www.giwa.net


Pollution

Eutrophication

Chemical

Suspended Solids

Thermal

Microbiological

Solid Wastes

Unsustainable exploitation of fish

Exessive by-catch

Destructive fishing practices

Decreased viability of stock

Impact on biological and genetic diversity

Overexploitation


• Many water management challenges are transboundary and require international cooperation.

• There is a huge gap in knowledge concerning the environmental degradation of the water bodies and the link to human societies.

• Public awareness is important. Without public awarenesscommercial interests will often take priority over environmentalconsiderations.


GIWA SUB -REGIONS


The Global International Waters Assessment• The Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) is a project

implemented by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) on behalf of The Global Environmental Facility (GEF)

• GIWA is a global effort to identify anthropogenic environmental problems in the International Waters of transboundary nature, their severity in relation to human life and welfare, the human activities that are the root causes of the problems and policy options available fortheir mitigation.

• The overall objective of the GIWA is to develop a comprehensive strategic assessment that may be used by UNEP, GEF and its partners to identify priorities for remedial and mitigatory actions in international waters, designed to achieve significant environmental benefits.


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Niger DeltaSediment transport Riverbank erosion


QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION�The Baltic seaGIWA 5 Concerns (22 Issues)�Socio-economic indicators�The Severity Assessment�(Scaling/Scoping)Eutrophication �Root causes behind the problem with Eutrophication �Overexploitation of fish �Root causes behind the �problem with overfishing:Recommended Policy Optionswww.giwa.netThe Global International Waters Assessment

dag daler - ccb · • economic impact (direct and indirect) ... niger delta sediment transport...

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