DAILY OPENER Do you know what the reasons

were for the American Revolution?

Why was it successful?

WARM UP What are some

differences between the French Revolution and the American Revolution?

CHAPTER 18The French Revolution and Napoleon

1789 – IMPORTANT YEAR The Constitution of the United States

ratified The beginning of the French

revolution Causes

1. Sharp class divide2. Absolutist monarchy3. Economic crisis

THE THREE ESTATES1. First Estate - Clergy

130,000 people Exempt from the taille

2. The Second Estate - The Nobility 350,000 people Powerful positions in church,

government, military Exempt from taille (tax)

3. The Third Estate – everyone else Largest estate - Majority were

peasants Bourgeoisie – merchants,

bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors

Skilled people – craftsmen, shopkeepers

Peasants, unskilled laborers

3 ESTATESIn your classroom notebook under todays daily opener:-1. write what message you think the artist who created this picture was trying to convey?-2. Why do you think the artist may have felt this was an important issue?-3. What do you think the image was intended to do?-4. Why a picture? There were printing presses weren’t there?

BEGINNING OF REVOLUTION

The Estates-General called; disbanded by Louis XVI

Members create the National Assembly Tennis Court Oath,

June 1789 July 14, 1789 – The

Storming of the Bastille “The Great Fear”

THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN

August 26, 1789 – adopted by National Assembly Ended exemption from taxes Freedom of religion, press and equal

rights for all male citizens (Suffrage) Personal liberties are ensured only when

they do not conflict with the laws of the nation

SEPT,5TH DAILY OPENER What were the three main causes of

the French Revolution?

THE MONARCHY’S REACTION Louis XVI & Marie

Antoinette Very unpopular for

debts/opulent lifestyle Hiding in Versailles for

most early revolution Pushed back to Paris by

angry Parisian women Initially appears to be in

support of Revolution actually buying time to

raise European Awareness to their troubles

EUROPE’S RESPONSE Absolute monarchies

concerned with threat of internal revolution Prussia and Austria

threaten to invade, restore order

France declares war on Prussia and Austria in 1792 (enter Napoleon)

National Assembly fearful of “traitors” at home – creates The Paris Commune Very radical ruling

executive committee Directed the ‘sans-

culottes’

POLITICAL UPHEAVAL National Assembly split between two

factions The Girondins - conservative The Mountains - liberal

The Jacobins – ultra radical faction Maximillian Robespierre

Committee of Public Safety Un-contested Jacobin control Elimination of opposition Orders trial and execution of

Louis/Antionette,1793 Effectively dictator of France

THE REIGN OF TERROR Robespierre reigns

unchecked “The Republic of

Virtue” “Citizens”

Enemies of the state tried and executed by the Revolutionary Courts Approximately 40,000

executed/16,000 by guillotine

Extreme De-Christianization “The Cult of Man”

THE END AND THE DIRECTORY Popular support for Jacobins dwindles

Too violent Robespierre too powerful – too radical

National Assembly (Convention) Reforms Arrests and executes Robespierre/reduces power

of the Committee on Public Safety Established new Constitution,1795

Council of 5, the Directory, Chosen to lead France as executives

Corrupt and relied on military power. 1799 – coup d'état – Napoleon comes to

power

DAILY OPENER Q’S SEP. 4, 20131. Which of the following best illustrates John Locke’s Theory of

natural rights, as reflected in the Declaration of Independence?

A. The government is the source of all rightsB. Power should be concentrated in the monarchyC. Power to govern belongs to the peopleD. Individual liberties (freedoms) are best protected by the

monarchy

2. What did the American Colonists’ slogan, “No taxations without representation,” express?

A. A belief in free tradeB. A belief in economic interdependenceC. A belief in the supremacy of parliamentD. A belief in the consent of the governed.

QUICK REVIEW:CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF GOVERNMENTS

Absolute Monarch-King Louis XVI Estates General-1vote per estate King refuses to change voting policy

National Assembly-Dec of Rights of Man Tennis Court Oath 1789

The French Republic (Reign of Terror) Maximillian Robespierre-Radical revolutionary

Guillotine The Directory- military rule by 5 separate

generals Napoleon Seizes Italy and Egypt, parade in Paris

Consulate/Emperor Napoleon I

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Born in Corsica, 1769 Distinguished military

career Youngest General in

French army Consulate for Life, 1802 Crowned Emperor in

1804 Known for being

temperamental, egotistical

NAPOLEON’ S FRANCE PROS

Napoleonic Code Single code of law, replaced 300 individual systems

Right to choose an occupation Promotions on ability, not name or birth Equality before law Religious tolerance Abolition of Serfdom/Feudalism

CONS Absolutist state Outlawed trade unions and strikes Women were “less equal” than men Censorship

EXPANSION &THE GRAND EMPIRE

The French Empire Homeland France,

Netherlands, Northern Italy

The Allied States Denmark, Prussia,

Austria The Dependent

States Puppet states

indirectly controlled by Napoleon

Spain, Rhineland, Italy

The Enemy States Britain, Russia

NAPOLEON’S FAILED INVASIONS

Britain Napoleon wants war with

England, excuse to invade Continental System

England not permitted to trade with Napoleon’s holdings in Europe

British defeats French and Spanish ships, at Trafalgar, 1805

Russia June 1812-600,000 French

soldiers enter Russia Retreating Russian troops/winter “The Great Retreat” - over

560,000 lost Napoleon’s credibility

destroyed – empire collapses, repeated losses

NAPOLEON’S FINAL YEARS Napoleon is captured

and exiled to Elba in 1814 Bourbon monarchy briefly

restored in France – very unpopular

Escapes and takes over the army in March 1815.

Former allies, dependent states stand against him at Waterloo, June 18, 1815 Duke of Wellington leads

victorious coalition of British, Belgian, and Austrian troops

Napoleon again exiled, this time to St. Helena, dies in solitude

WORK DILIGENTLY, BE DISCIPLINED WITH TIME MANAGEMENT

You have the rest of the class period today and half the class tomorrow to finish posters.

2nd half of class tomorrow is your review for your test, so you need to be focused now.

Remember I am watching for who is working for your individual grades.

TIMELINE PROJECT Create a timeline of the French

Revolution Include the major events discussed in

our notes Be sure to Bold

Each new form of government from the absolute ruler King Louis XVI-Napoleon

The style of government it employed Background information

Ex. King Louis XVI beheading took place during the “Reign of Terror”