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DAILY OPENER Do you know what the reasons
were for the American Revolution?
Why was it successful?
WARM UP What are some
differences between the French Revolution and the American Revolution?
CHAPTER 18The French Revolution and Napoleon
1789 – IMPORTANT YEAR The Constitution of the United States
ratified The beginning of the French
revolution Causes
1. Sharp class divide2. Absolutist monarchy3. Economic crisis
THE THREE ESTATES1. First Estate - Clergy
130,000 people Exempt from the taille
2. The Second Estate - The Nobility 350,000 people Powerful positions in church,
government, military Exempt from taille (tax)
3. The Third Estate – everyone else Largest estate - Majority were
peasants Bourgeoisie – merchants,
bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors
Skilled people – craftsmen, shopkeepers
Peasants, unskilled laborers
3 ESTATESIn your classroom notebook under todays daily opener:-1. write what message you think the artist who created this picture was trying to convey?-2. Why do you think the artist may have felt this was an important issue?-3. What do you think the image was intended to do?-4. Why a picture? There were printing presses weren’t there?
BEGINNING OF REVOLUTION
The Estates-General called; disbanded by Louis XVI
Members create the National Assembly Tennis Court Oath,
June 1789 July 14, 1789 – The
Storming of the Bastille “The Great Fear”
THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN
August 26, 1789 – adopted by National Assembly Ended exemption from taxes Freedom of religion, press and equal
rights for all male citizens (Suffrage) Personal liberties are ensured only when
they do not conflict with the laws of the nation
SEPT,5TH DAILY OPENER What were the three main causes of
the French Revolution?
THE MONARCHY’S REACTION Louis XVI & Marie
Antoinette Very unpopular for
debts/opulent lifestyle Hiding in Versailles for
most early revolution Pushed back to Paris by
angry Parisian women Initially appears to be in
support of Revolution actually buying time to
raise European Awareness to their troubles
EUROPE’S RESPONSE Absolute monarchies
concerned with threat of internal revolution Prussia and Austria
threaten to invade, restore order
France declares war on Prussia and Austria in 1792 (enter Napoleon)
National Assembly fearful of “traitors” at home – creates The Paris Commune Very radical ruling
executive committee Directed the ‘sans-
culottes’
POLITICAL UPHEAVAL National Assembly split between two
factions The Girondins - conservative The Mountains - liberal
The Jacobins – ultra radical faction Maximillian Robespierre
Committee of Public Safety Un-contested Jacobin control Elimination of opposition Orders trial and execution of
Louis/Antionette,1793 Effectively dictator of France
THE REIGN OF TERROR Robespierre reigns
unchecked “The Republic of
Virtue” “Citizens”
Enemies of the state tried and executed by the Revolutionary Courts Approximately 40,000
executed/16,000 by guillotine
Extreme De-Christianization “The Cult of Man”
THE END AND THE DIRECTORY Popular support for Jacobins dwindles
Too violent Robespierre too powerful – too radical
National Assembly (Convention) Reforms Arrests and executes Robespierre/reduces power
of the Committee on Public Safety Established new Constitution,1795
Council of 5, the Directory, Chosen to lead France as executives
Corrupt and relied on military power. 1799 – coup d'état – Napoleon comes to
power
DAILY OPENER Q’S SEP. 4, 20131. Which of the following best illustrates John Locke’s Theory of
natural rights, as reflected in the Declaration of Independence?
A. The government is the source of all rightsB. Power should be concentrated in the monarchyC. Power to govern belongs to the peopleD. Individual liberties (freedoms) are best protected by the
monarchy
2. What did the American Colonists’ slogan, “No taxations without representation,” express?
A. A belief in free tradeB. A belief in economic interdependenceC. A belief in the supremacy of parliamentD. A belief in the consent of the governed.
QUICK REVIEW:CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF GOVERNMENTS
Absolute Monarch-King Louis XVI Estates General-1vote per estate King refuses to change voting policy
National Assembly-Dec of Rights of Man Tennis Court Oath 1789
The French Republic (Reign of Terror) Maximillian Robespierre-Radical revolutionary
Guillotine The Directory- military rule by 5 separate
generals Napoleon Seizes Italy and Egypt, parade in Paris
Consulate/Emperor Napoleon I
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Born in Corsica, 1769 Distinguished military
career Youngest General in
French army Consulate for Life, 1802 Crowned Emperor in
1804 Known for being
temperamental, egotistical
NAPOLEON’ S FRANCE PROS
Napoleonic Code Single code of law, replaced 300 individual systems
Right to choose an occupation Promotions on ability, not name or birth Equality before law Religious tolerance Abolition of Serfdom/Feudalism
CONS Absolutist state Outlawed trade unions and strikes Women were “less equal” than men Censorship
EXPANSION &THE GRAND EMPIRE
The French Empire Homeland France,
Netherlands, Northern Italy
The Allied States Denmark, Prussia,
Austria The Dependent
States Puppet states
indirectly controlled by Napoleon
Spain, Rhineland, Italy
The Enemy States Britain, Russia
NAPOLEON’S FAILED INVASIONS
Britain Napoleon wants war with
England, excuse to invade Continental System
England not permitted to trade with Napoleon’s holdings in Europe
British defeats French and Spanish ships, at Trafalgar, 1805
Russia June 1812-600,000 French
soldiers enter Russia Retreating Russian troops/winter “The Great Retreat” - over
560,000 lost Napoleon’s credibility
destroyed – empire collapses, repeated losses
NAPOLEON’S FINAL YEARS Napoleon is captured
and exiled to Elba in 1814 Bourbon monarchy briefly
restored in France – very unpopular
Escapes and takes over the army in March 1815.
Former allies, dependent states stand against him at Waterloo, June 18, 1815 Duke of Wellington leads
victorious coalition of British, Belgian, and Austrian troops
Napoleon again exiled, this time to St. Helena, dies in solitude
WORK DILIGENTLY, BE DISCIPLINED WITH TIME MANAGEMENT
You have the rest of the class period today and half the class tomorrow to finish posters.
2nd half of class tomorrow is your review for your test, so you need to be focused now.
Remember I am watching for who is working for your individual grades.
TIMELINE PROJECT Create a timeline of the French
Revolution Include the major events discussed in
our notes Be sure to Bold
Each new form of government from the absolute ruler King Louis XVI-Napoleon
The style of government it employed Background information
Ex. King Louis XVI beheading took place during the “Reign of Terror”