darpa huntsville space club june 2014

DARPA IN SPACE

Briefing prepared for:

Space Club

Huntsville, Alabama

Jun 25, 2014

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) 1

Dr. Steven H. Walker, Deputy Director, DARPA

Mission

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was established in 1958 to prevent strategic surprise from negatively affecting U.S. national security and create strategic surprise for U.S. adversaries by maintaining the technological superiority of the U.S. military. To fulfill its mission, the Agency relies on diverse performers to apply multi-disciplinary approaches to both advance knowledge through basic research and create innovative technologies that address current practical problems through applied research. As the DoD’s primary innovation engine, DARPA undertakes projects that are finite in duration but that create lasting revolutionary change.

2 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

DARPA history

SATURN F1 Rocket Engine Stealth Fighter Speech Recognition

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

ARPANET Global Hawk ARPA Established

1958

M16 Assault Rifle


DARPA technical offices

• Physical Sciences

• Mathematics

• Materials and Manufacturing

• Autonomy

• Science of Complexity

• Cyber

• Data analytics at massive scale

• ISR exploitation

• Computing

• Electronic Warfare

• Manufacturing • Photonics

• Thermal

Management

• Battle Management, Command & Control

• Communications and Networks

• Intelligence, Surveillance, and Recon

• Electronic Warfare

• Positioning, Navigation, & Timing (PNT)

• Ground, Maritime and Undersea, Air,

& Space Systems

• Agile Development

• Cooperative Autonomy

• Unmanned Systems

• Power and Propulsion

DSO MTO I2O STO Defense Sciences

Office

Microsystems Technology

Office

Information Innovation

Office

Strategic Technology

Office

Tactical Technology

Office

TTO

BTO Biological

Technology Office

• Restore and Maintain Warfighter Abilities

• Harness Biological Systems

• Apply Biological Complexity at Scale


The space environment

Multiple Players

• 81 countries with space capabilities

• Expanding commercial markets

• Increasing competition for spectrum

Cost challenge

• Rapid worldwide innovation

• Long U.S. development cycles of complex systems

• Increasing cost of labor

• Increasing lifecycle cost

Source: firstlook.pnas.org

Cost challenges

• Rapid worldwide innovation

• Long U.S. development cycles of complex systems

• Increasing cost of labor

• Increasing lifecycle cost


DARPA space portfolio

Space Surveillance Telescope Lt Col Travis Blake

ALASA Mr. Mitchell Burnside Clapp

OrbitOutlook Lt Col Larry Gunn

Normalize and simplify space

Technical goals • Affordable routine access • Reduce escalating systems cost • New capabilities • Survivability / resilience /

reconstitution / autonomy • Disaggregation/simplification • Space situational awareness

Artist’s concept

Artist’s concept Artist’s concept Artist’s concept

Phoenix Mr. David Barnhart

Artist’s concept


Key problem: Access to space

• DoD payloads launched on Evolved ELV at ~$3B / year & growing

• Small payloads launched at ~$50M on few remaining Minotaurs

• No surge capability, long call-up times, typically > 2 years

• Entering era of declining budgets

• Threats to space and air assets growing

United States Foreign

40m

50m

60m

70m

Evolved ELV

~8 DOD flts/yr > $400M/flight

Pegasus Minotaur Antares

~ 1 flt/yr ~$55M/flt

Falcon

~2 flts/yr ~$54-

128M/flt

Foreign Boosters

~60 Commercial & Gov’t flts/yr > $120M/flight


Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA) aims to enable access to space

on tactical time scales with launches from existing globally distributed

airfields.

The Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) reusable vehicle capability will aim to provide approaches to an alternate

cost-effective means for space access.

Collectively the space portfolio is supporting responsiveness and cost reduction of launch through ground-based systems.

All images are artist’s concept

DARPA strategy: Attack the cost equation


PROGRAM STATUS

PROGRAM OVERVIEW PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

• Provide dedicated, low cost, routine, and reliable access to low Earth orbit for small spacecraft

• Affordable – Launch 100 lbm payloads to orbit for under $1M per flight, minimizing range infrastructure & support

• Responsive – Turnaround times of 24 hours from call-up to orbit

• Flexible – Launch directly into any set of orbital elements, achieve first-pass overflight of any point on the globe

• Resilient – Relocate from a threatened airfield within 12 hours

ALASA (Airborne Launch Assist Space Access)

• Successful Phase I resulted in three viable system designs and three enabling technologies which continue on into Phase II.

• Working with launch ranges on both coasts to streamline and automate legacy processes and reduce reliance on expensive, aging infrastructure.

• Boeing design was selected for Phase II, including design, build, integration, flight testing, and 12 orbital launches in 2015 and 2016.

• DARPA is working with other Government agencies to manifest suitable payloads for the demonstration flights to show the utility of this capability.

Artist’s Concept

Artist’s Concept

Artist’s Concept


PROGRAM STATUS

PROGRAM OVERVIEW PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1)

Enable aircraft-like space access & test of hypersonic aircraft technologies

• Break cycle of escalating space system costs

• Enable routine space access & hypersonic aircraft

• Provide responsive launch of 3-5K lb payloads

• Schedule: FY 2014 – FY 2018

• Upcoming Key Decisions:

• Nov 2014 : Mid-phase review

• May 2015 : Preliminary Design Review

• Accomplishments:

• Mar 2014: Source selection complete

• Jun-July 2014: Contracts to be awarded

Capability Objectives:

• Reusable first stage

• Fly 10 times in 10 days

• Fly to Mach 10+ at least once

• Launch demo payload to orbit one time

• Design for recurring cost < 1/10 Minotaur IV

(< $5M/flt for 3-5K lbs to LEO at >10 flts/yr)

Transition:

• Commercial, DOD and civil sectors

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Artist’s Concept

Artist’s Concept

Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

XS-1 F-15

Booster

Engine 2 Merlins

GLOW (K lbs) 223.9

MECO (K lbs) 47.4

Usable LOX/RP (K lbs) 176.5

Isp (vac) 310

Stage PMF 0.84

Upper Stage

GLOW (lbs) 15.0

Isp (vac) 336

Stage PMF 0.9

Payload (K lbs) 3.0

Strong Government Team Committed to Success: DARPA, AFRL, FAA

61.6 ft

XS-1 Phase I awards

Expendable stage ~5% of dry stack weight

Artist Concept

Industry engaged – Many possible solutions

• Phase 1 system awards

• Multiple awardees

• System design and integration

• Various propulsion systems, propellants, Thermal protection and Launch/landing techniques

• Technology awards

• 1-year contracts

• Risk reduction opportunities

• Potential to incorporate into XS-1 at Phase II

11

Government reference X-plane


Responsive Ops

Affordable Composite Airframe

“Trimmed” Full Envelope

AG&C

Integrated Systems Health

Management

Affordable Infrastructure

Thermal Protection Systems

Cycle of Prep, Launch, Recovery, and Turnaround within Single Day

Integrated RLV Subsystems

Ongoing Long Term High Ops Tempo Propulsion

Low Cost Upper Stage

+

Autonomous Operations

FOCC Design

Integration

Aircraft-Like Ops

250k lbf. thrust Brassboard Demos

Off-the-Shelf propulsion available for demo

What has changed? 20 years of investment Technology at TRL ~5

12

Artist Concepts


Commercial Capability

Commercial Launch for ORS, AF & Intel

Many Transition Options

Aircraft-Like operability

National security global reach architectures

Proposed XS-1 Program

F-15 (Size Ref)

Build

Mach 1-10 Bare Base

CONOPS

Flight Test

Demonstrate Payload to LEO

Enable AFSPC Full Spectrum Launch Capability

Near Term Transition

Options

Space Access/ISR

Vehicle

Hypersonic Testbed

XS-1 seeks to enable new markets Technology scalable to future capability

XS-1

Point-to- Point

Boost-Glide Transport

13

Artist Concepts

© Stratolaunch Systems

Artist Concept

Artist Concept

The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this presentation are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense


Artist Concept

Final thought: Just Do It

14

From the October 9th, 1903 edition of the New York Times:

“[A] flying machine which will really fly might be evolved by

the combined and continuous efforts of mathematicians and

mechanicians in from one million to ten million years.”

From Orville Wright’s diary October 9th, 1903:

“We started assembly today.”


www.darpa.mil


DARPA hypersonic portfolio

2000 2010 2020 2030+

RATTLRS

HyFly

TSW

Hypersonic Missiles

Global Reach and

ISR

• Aero-thermo dynamics • Boundary Layer Transition • Structures & Thermal Protection • Guidance, Navigation, & Control • Rapid, low cost manufacturing • Propulsion

Boosted

Air Breather

Common Technologies

HTV-2

FaCET

Scramjet

Ramjet Dual Mode

X-51

MoTr

XS-1

Future?

HAWC

High Speed Aircraft

Boost/Glide

Responsive Launch


http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/images/x-41-htv-2-image1.jpg

darpa huntsville space club june 2014

Technology

public release

space clubhuntsville

distribution unlimited1dr

scale4distribution statement

cost reductionof launch

low cost

orbitflexible launch

launch ranges