data center trends - power and cooling

Morrison Hershfield Mission Critical – Data Center Trends and Design

DATA CENTER TRENDS AND DESIGN

Steven Shapiro, P.E., ATDData Center Practice LeadMorrison Hershfield Mission Critical

DATA CENTER TRENDS & DESIGNAGENDA


• IT TRENDS

• COOLING DESIGN TRENDS

• POWER DESIGN TRENDS


• VIRTUALIZATION

• DENSITY

• DENSITY vs RELIABILITY PROFILE

• CHIP COOLING

IT TRENDS

VIRTUALIZATION AND DENSITY


• For every 18F rise in temperature hardware reliability decreased by 50%

• Footprint reduction = 30% per year

• Since 2000, power consumption for chips doubled

• 17% annual increase in load density in past 10 years

IT TRENDS

CHIP COOLING


• New Sink Architectures

• Water Cooled Sinks

• Larger Cooling Fans (up to 70 cfm per server)

CHIP MANUFACTURERS ARE INVESTIGATING:

IT TRENDS


DENSITY VS. RELIABILITY PROFILE

300

TIE

R

IV

III

II

25020015010050W/SF

ENTERPRISE

WEB HOSTINGCOLO

Design Criteria

I

IT TRENDS

OLD MAINFRAME


FIGHTING DENSITY AND

INCREASING ENERGY EFFIECIENCY

• IN THE DATA CENTER• FOR THE DATA CENTER

• SYSTEM SELECTION PROCESS• ECONOMIZATION ALTERNATIVES

COOLING DESIGN TRENDS

IN THE DATA CENTERFan Powered Cabinet Example

Cabinet Fans


Hot Air Plenum

Conditioned Airis drawn through the front of the cabinet

Hot Airis discharged out of the top via ductwork

Raised Floor


IN THE DATA CENTERWater Cooled Cabinet Example


Fan Coilon rear door cools servers

Cabinet Fans


Cooling Coil

Supply Return Piping

Raised Floor

Discharge Air

High Pressureflex hose and quick-connect

fittings to chilled water mains


IN THE DATA CENTERHot Aisle Cold Aisle Configuration



Hot Airis discharged out of

the back of the cabinet



Return Air

Cold Hot ColdAisle Aisle Aisle

FOR THE DATA CENTER


System Selection Process


• Chiller/Cooling Tower• Air Cooled Chiller• Adiabatic Cooling/Swamp Cooler

(Roof, Ground, CRAH)• Outside Air• Air to Air (Munthers, Schneider,

Hunt Aire, Kyoto)• Water Side Economizer

(Heat Exchanger)• DX Backup/Full-Partial• Drycoolers


System AlternativesFOR THE DATA CENTER



FOR THE DATA CENTERSystem Selection Process


Direct Air Economizer System


Outside air does not enter the data center

FOR THE DATA CENTER

Indirect Air Economizer System

System Alternatives

Outside air does enter the data center


Direct Evaporative Air Economizer


“Swamp” cooler without outside air entering the data center

FOR THE DATA CENTERSystem Alternatives

Indirect Evaporative Air Economizer

“Swamp” cooler with outside air entering the data center



Indirect Air-side EconomizerSystem AlternativesFOR THE DATA CENTER KYOTO WHEEL



• RELIABILITY/AVAILABILITY

• CONCURRENT MAINTAINABILITY

• EXAMPLE ONE LINE

POWER DESIGN TRENDS


• Load Density (The Major Issue)

• 99.9999% Availability (“Six Sigma”)

• 2(N+1), 2N, N+2 Redundancy Common

• N or (N+1) Systems Not Good Enough

• Fault Tolerant Configurations – Eliminate SPOF’s

• Full Concurrent Maintenance

RELIABILITY/AVAILABILITY

POWER DESIGN TRENDS

• Single Module Systems

• Isolated Redundant

• Parallel Redundant

• Distributed Redundant

• Block Redundant


Typical UPS ConfigurationsRELIABILITY/AVAILABILITY

POWER DESIGN TRENDS

Morrison Hershfield Mission Critical – Data Center Trends and DesignPOWER DESIGN TRENDS


PARALLELREDUNDANT


DISTRIBUTEDREDUNDANT

POWER DESIGN TRENDS


Morrison Hershfield Mission Critical – Data Center Trends and DesignPOWER DESIGN TRENDS

Typical UPS ConfigurationsRELIABILITY/AVAILABILITY BLOCK REDUNDANT

CONCURRENT MAINTAINABILITY


• “Change Tires, Transmission and Engine at 60mph…and Don’t Lose Speed.”

• No IT Downtime for Preventative and Corrective Maintenance

• Scalability

POWER DESIGN TRENDS

Goals


THE SOLUTION

• Dual/Diverse Utility Services • Dual Active Distribution Paths• N+2 Generator Plant • “Self-Healing” Automation and Control • Physical Separation/Compartmentalization• 2N Static UPS• Dual Electrical Cords to IT Cabinets

POWER DESIGN TRENDS


MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTIONUtility Bypass/Gen Control Maintenance

Red-Normal ‘A’Green-Normal ‘B’Yellow-Generator

POWER DESIGN TRENDS


UPS – NORMAL OPERATION Red-Normal ‘A’Green-Normal ‘B’Blue-UPS ‘A’Pink-UPS’B’

POWER DESIGN TRENDS


UPS TO RPP NORMAL OPERATION

Blue-UPS ‘A’Pink-UPS’B’

POWER DESIGN TRENDS


QUESTIONS? Thank you and please feel free to contact me

Steven Shapiro, PE, [email protected]://www.linkedin.com/in/stevenshapirope

References:Uptime Institute White Papers:Tier Myths and MisconceptionsData Center Site Infrastructure Tier Standard: Topology

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