data diversity & data cultures = flexible open by default policy
TRANSCRIPT
Government Information Day
Oct. 26, Library and Archives Canada
10:45 – 12:30 Government information & data ecosystem
Data Diversity & Data Cultures =
Flexible Open by Default Policy
Dr. Tracey P. LauriaultAssistant Professor of Critical Media and Big Data
School of Journalism and CommunicationCarleton University, Ottawa, ON, [email protected]
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1847-2738
Table of Contents
1. Critical Data Studies
2. Open Definitions
3. Types of Data
4. Data Cultures
5. Conclusion
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University
1. Critical Data studies
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University
Premise
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University
Data are more than the unique arrangement of
objective and politically neutral facts
&
Data do not exist independently of the ideas,
instruments, practices, contexts and knowledges
used to generate, process and analyze them.
Material Platform
(infrastructure – hardware)
Code Platform
(operating system)
Code/algorithms
(software)
Data(base)
Interface
Reception/Operation
(user/usage)
Systems of thought
Forms of knowledge
Finance
Political economies
Governmentalities - legalities
Organisations and institutions
Subjectivities and communities
Marketplace
System/process
performs a task
Context
frames the system/task
Digital socio-technical assemblage
HCI, Remediation studies
Critical code studies
Software studies
New media studies
Game studies
Critical Social Science
Science Technology Studies
Platform studies Places
Practices
Flowline/Lifecycle
Surveillance Studies
Critical data studies
Socio-Technological Data Assemblage(Rob Kitchin, 2014, Kitchin & Lauriault 2014)
Algorithm studies
• Unpack the complex assemblages that produce, circulate, share/sell and utilise data in diverse ways;
• Chart the diverse work they do and their consequences for how the world is known, governed and lived-in;
• Survey the wider ecosystem of data assemblages and how they interact to form intersecting data products, services and markets and shape policy and regulation.
Critical Data Studies Vision
Rob Kitchin and Tracey P. Lauriault, 2018, Toward a Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and their Work, in J. Eckert,, A. Shears & J. Thatcher, Geoweb and
Big Data, University of Nebraska Press , Pre-Print http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2474112
2. Open Definitions
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University
Open Data Definitions
• 1959 Antarctic Treaty
• 1992 - UNCED – Agenda 21 Chapter 40, Information for Decision Making
• 1996 Global Map
• 2002 – UNCED – Agenda 21 + 10 Down To Earth
• 2005 - Open Knowledge Foundation (OKNF) -11 Principles (Licence specific)
• 2007 GEOSS - Data Sharing Principles for the Global Earth Observing System of Systems
• 2007 - US Open Government Working Group -8 principles of Open Government Data
• 2007 Science Commons Protocol for Implementing Open Access Data
• 2007 Sunlight Foundation - 10 Principles for Opening Up Government Information
• 2007 OECD, Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding
• 2008 OECD, Recommendations on Public Sector Information
• 2009 W3C - Publishing Open Government Data
• 2010 Tim Berners-Lee 5 Star of Open Data
• 2010 Panton Principles for Open Data in Science
• 2010 Ontario Information Privacy Commissioner - 7 Principles
• 2013 Open Economics Principles
• US Association of Computing Machinery (USACM) – Recommendations on Open Government
• American Library Association (ALA) – Access to Government Information Principles
• 2013 G8 Open Data Charter
• 2015 International Open Data Charter
“In the context of Open
Information, Open by Default is
guided by the following set of
principles: Complete and
relevant: All government
information that has value to
the public is made available
unless there are privacy,
security or legal reasons for not
doing so”.
(Gov’t of Ontario Aug 11, 2017)
3. Types of Data
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University
Types of Government Data
1. Survey Data
2. Geospatial Data
3. Spatial & Social Media
4. Scientific Data
5. Research Data
6. Knowledge Institution
7. Administrative Data
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University
2. Geospatial Data
• Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure
• Remote Sensing –• Satellite & Radar &
• Drone & Air Photos
• Sensor Derived Data
• GeoDemographics
• Location
3. Spatial & Social Media
• Crowdsourcing
• Volunteered Geographic Information
• GCTools
5. Research Data
• Tri-Council Funded Data• CIHR
• NSERC
• SSHRC
• Research Data Canada
• Departments & Agencies• Scientific Data
• Collaborations
7. Administrative / Public Sector Data
• Data produced as part of the outcome of delivering and administering programs, services, projects, administration
• Performance & Accountability
• Audits
• Budgets
• Expenditures
• Contracts
• Business registry
• Grants & contributions
Data Communities / Cultures
Research/scientific
Data
GovData
GeoDataPhysical
Sciences
AdminData
Public Sector Data
NGOs
Access to Data Open Data
Social
Sciences
2005
Operations Data
Infrastructural Data
Sensor Data
Social Media Data
AI/Machine Learning Data
Smart Open Data?2015
Private Sector
IOT
- Smart Cities
- Precision Agriculture
- Autonomous Cars
SM Platforms
Algorithms
AI
P2P – Sharing Economy
Predictive Policing
Surveillance
Digital Labour
Drones
5GPublic/Private Sector Data?
Crowdsourcing
Citizen Science
Civic Teck
OCAP
Local and
Traditional
Knowledge
2017-Beyond
Conclusion
• There will be many Open by Defaults• Data Types + Data Cultures
• Need to think infrastructurally• Institutions
• Standards - interoperability
• Technology
• Policy
• Law
• Regulation
• Long-term thinking• Archives
• Sustainable funding
• Expertise - science
• Not just data anymore• Algorithms
• Artificial intelligence
• Machine learning
• Autonomous
• Right to Repair
• Right to Explanation - Algorithms
• Data Subjects
• Right to Access
• Data Portability
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University