data management and digital solutions in … · outline 1. unibas: presentation and i4.0 activities...
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DATA MANAGEMENT AND DIGITAL SOLUTIONS IN PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS WITH ACTIVE COOLING SYSTEMS:
A CASE STUDY
Antonio D’Angola, Renato Zaffina
Università degli Studi della Basilicata
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Research team
Antonio D’Angola1, Renato Zaffina1
Diana Enescu2, Paolo Di Leo3, Giovanni Vincenzo Fracastoro3, Filippo Spertino3
1 Università degli Studi della Basilicata 2 Valahia University of Targoviste
3 Politecnico di Torino
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Outline
1. UNIBAS: presentation and I4.0 activities
2. PV system with active fluid cooling (PVFC)
3. Thermal-Electric numerical model
4. A case study: Data Management and Digital Solutions in
a PVFC plant
5. Conclusions
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1.UNIBAS
Università degli Studi della Basilicata (UNIBAS)
Potenza Matera
Department of Mathematics, information
technology , Economy
Department of Science
Department of humanities
School of Agricultural,Forestry, Food and
Environment Science
School of Engineering
Department of Mediterranean and European Cultures
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1.UNIBAS
People
7.300 students
1094 graduates in 2013
311 Professors and Researchers
275 Technical and administrative staff
10 Collaborators and linguistic experts
Degree Programmes
14 Bachelor’s Degree programmes
14 Master’s Degree programmes
3 Single cycle programmes (2nd cycle)
3 international Master's degree
programmes (2nd cycle)
5 Professional Master’s programmes
5 PhD programmes
2 Libraries
Structures
4 Departments
2 Schools
1 Post-graduate school
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1.UNIBAS
• Applied Biology and Environmental Safeguard
• Cities and Landscapes: Architecture, Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, History and Resources
• Innovation Enigneering
• Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences
• Mediterranean Europe History and Culture : from antiquity to contemporary age
Innovative PhD programmes in Industry 4.0 project:
• 12 Industrial PhD PON Miur
• 16 Industrial PhD PON Regione Basilicata
PhD Programmes
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1.Industrial PhD PON Regione Basilicata
PhD - Industry 4.0 : project example in UNIBAS
PROJECT 5G
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2.Industrial PhD-PON Miur
Increasing electrical efficiency &
Lower cell temperatures
Heat energy recovery
Photo Voltaic Fluid Cooled (PVFC) module
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2.PVFC SYSTEM
Photo Voltaic Fluid Cooled (PVFC) module
Plastic laminated module
Alveolar poly-carbonate sheet
Cooling water flows into canals: no metal ducts
ADVANTAGES:
Lightness
Flexibility
Cost
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2.PVFC SYSTEM
Experimental setup
Prototype developed and tested at Politecnico of Torino
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3. NUMERICAL MODEL
Developed Using :
• Matlab (2D)
• Ansys Fluent (3D)
1 Spertino, F. , D'Angola, A. , Enescu, D. , Di Leo, P. , Fracastoro, G.V. , Zaffina, R., Thermal-electrical model for
energy estimation of a water cooled photovoltaic module , Solar Energy, Volume 133, 2016, Pages 119-140
The three blocks work iteratively until convergence condition is reached1
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4.CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
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4.CASE STUDY
Simulated System scheme
1. 20 PVFC modules: 2 strings of 10
modules
2. STC power 80W
3. Total STC power 1.6 kW
Frictional Losses ∆𝐻𝑅 = 𝑓𝐿
𝐷𝑖
𝑤2
2𝑔
Local losses ∆𝐻𝐿 = 𝑧𝑤2
2𝑔
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4. CASE STUDY
Investigate advantages of a PVFC installation compared to a traditional PV
installation
𝑃𝐺 = 𝑃𝑃𝑉𝐹𝐶 − 𝑃𝑃𝑉Power Gain Difference of electrical power
generated in the two cases (with
PVFC and without PV cooling)
Net Power Gain 𝑁𝑃𝐺 = 𝑃𝑃𝑉𝐹𝐶 − 𝑃𝑃𝑉 − 𝑃𝑝𝑐 Pump power absorbtion
NPG is the real power gain of a PVFC installation
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4. CASE STUDY
Investigate advantages of a PVFC installation compared to a traditional PV
installation
High temperature cell causes Voltage reduction
The eletrical power in consequently reduced
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4. CASE STUDY
Optimal Net Power Gain NPG: different seasons
Month: July Month: January
Month Optimal flow rate [l/h]
January 250
July 500
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4. CASE STUDY
Real Time Simulations : Data Management
The maximum value of the Net Power Gain (NPG) could be calculated for:
- a customized PVFC system (number and characteristics of the modules,..);
- a fixed installation site
- an average day (statistical data).
However, climate conditions can be strongly variable even along a single
day and consequently the optimal coolant flow rate
For example the cooling system can become unsuitable (NPG<0) in case
of strong wind, rain etc…
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4. CASE STUDY
The system is designed to work with the best flow rate (statistically calculated)
but for each real time measured pair (G,Ta ), the cooling of the PV system is
switched on/off.
An advanced system can be realized cooling with different values of flow rate
in real time conditions.
The site of installation does not affect the results.
Nevertheless, the irradiance and ambient temperature must be
measured in real time on the PV system site.
Real time control system
Monitoring of real ambient conditions:
1. Irradiance G
2. Ambient temperature Ta
Real Time Simulations : Data Management
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4. CASE STUDY
Customized on/off working MAP
600 l/h 1000 l/h
𝐺 = 600𝑊
𝑚2 , 𝑇𝑎 = 15°𝐶 Not profitable for 1000 l/h
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4. CASE STUDY
Final Result : 3D Working working Map
Optimal flow rate for
each G-Ta couple
Algorithm implementation
in an automatic control
system
OPTIMIZE ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
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4. CASE STUDY
Real time control system
Monitoring of real ambient conditions:
1. Irradiance G
2. Ambient temperature Ta
Ambient parameters measurement and Data Collecting System
Real Time Simulations : Data Management
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4. CASE STUDY
G Ta
Data Acquisition System (DAQ)
Real Time Simulations : Data Management
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4.CASE STUDY
G Ta
Data Acquisition System (DAQ)
Data Processing and Calculation of optimal flow rate
Send signals to circulating pumps
Real Time Simulations : Data Management
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4. CASE STUDY
G
TaDAQ- device Data-Processing
OPTIMAL
FLOW RATE
Variable Speed Pump
Real Time Simulations : Digital Solutions
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5.Conclusions
• In this work, complete thermal-electric numerical model has been
developed in order to simulate a whole PVFC installation where the
power consumption of the electrical pump has been taken into
account.
• It is possible to set up the PV generator for working at its optimal
condition by using a real time control system which collects climate
data
• Using set of sensors for measuring both meteorological and electrical
parameters and a data control system as an energy management
system, the PVFC system can work with maximum performance in
different ambient conditions
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5.Conclusions
EXPECTED IMPROVEMENTS IN A PVFC SYSTEM
1. Electrical power up to 20-25% more than a classic PV system
2. Yearly energy production increase up to 15-18% than a classic PV system
3. Possibility to recover heat energy from cooling fluid for other uses, for example
integration with solar collectors
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THANKS