Data Transfer and Manipulation

Data Transfer and Manipulation

� Computers provide an extensive set of instruction to give the user flexibility to carry out various computational tasks

� The instruction set of different computers differ from each other mostly in the way the operands are determined from address and mode fields.

� The actual operations available in the instruction from one computer to another

Data Transfer and Manipulation

� Most computer instruction can be classified into three categories:

1. Data transfer instruction

2. Data manipulation

3. Program control instructions

Data Transfer and Manipulation

� Data transfer instruction cause of data from one location to another without changing the binary information content.

� Data manipulation instructions are those that perform arithmetic, logic ,shift operation

� Program control instructions provide decision making capabilities and change the path taken by the program when executed in the computer.

Data Transfer and Manipulation

� Data Transfer Instruction

POPPop

PUSHPush

OUTOutput

INInput

XCHExchange

MOVMove

STStore

LDLoad

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Data Manipulation Instructions

� Operation on data and provide the computational capabilities for computer

� Basically data manipulation instructions in a typical computer usually divided into three basic types:

1. Arithmetic Instructions

2. Logical and bit manipulation instructions

3. Shift instructions

Data Manipulation InstructionsArithmetic Instruction

NEGNegate(2’s complement)

SUBBSubtract with borrow

ADDCAdd with carry

DIVDivide

MULMultiply

SUBSubtract

ADDAdd

DECDecrement

INCIncrement

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Data Manipulation Instructions

Logical and Bit Manipulation Instructions

DIDisable Interrupt

EIEnable Interrupt

COMCComplementary Carry

SETCSet Carry

CLRCClear Carry

XORExclusive OR

OROR

ANDAND

COMComplement

CLRClear

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Data Manipulation Instructions

Shift Instructions

ROL CRotate left through Carry

ROR CRotate right through Carry

ROLRotate Left

RORRotate right

SHL AArithmetic shift left

SHR AArithmetic shift right

SHLLogical Shift left

SHRLogical Shift right

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Data Manipulation Instructions

Program Control Instructions

TSTTest (by ANDing)

CMPCompare (by subtraction)

RETReturn

CALLCALL

SKPSkip

JMPJump

BRBranch

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