database design: conceptual model and er diagramming
DESCRIPTION
Database Design: Conceptual Model and ER Diagramming. Ray R. Larson University of California, Berkeley School of Information IS 257: Database Management. Announcements. Accounts and MySQL access Assignment 1 on web site (more at end of class ). Lecture Outline. Review - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 1IS 257 – Fall 2013
Database Design: Conceptual Model and ER Diagramming
Ray R. Larson
University of California, Berkeley
School of Information
IS 257: Database Management
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 2IS 257 – Fall 2013
Announcements
• Accounts and MySQL access• Assignment 1 on web site (more at end of
class)
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 3IS 257 – Fall 2013
Lecture Outline
• Review– Information Systems Planning
• Information Systems Architecture• Information Engineering
– Database Design• ER Diagrams• Developing the Conceptual Model for the
Diveshop Database
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 4IS 257 – Fall 2013
Lecture Outline
• Review– Information Systems Planning
• Information Systems Architecture• Information Engineering
– Database Design• ER Diagrams• Developing the Conceptual Model for the
Diveshop Database
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 5IS 257 – Fall 2013
Information Systems Architecture
• An ISA is a “conceptual blueprint or plan that expresses the desired future structure for information systems in an organization”
• It provides a “context within which managers throughout the organization can make consistent decisions concerning their information systems”– Quotes from McFadden (Modern Database Management, 4th edition),
Ch. 3
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 6IS 257 – Fall 2013
Information Systems Architecture
• Benefits of ISA:– “Provides a basis for strategic planning of IS– Provides a basis for communicating with top
management and a context for budget decisions concerning IS
– Provides a unifying concept for the various stakeholders in information systems.
– Communicates the overall direction for information technology and a context for decisions in this area
– Helps achieve information integration when systems are distributed (increasing important in a global economy)
– Provides a basis for evaluating technology options (for example, downsizing and distributed processing)”
• Read Chapter 2 in Hoffer…
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 7IS 257 – Fall 2013
Information Systems Architecture
• Zachman ISA Framework components– Data
• The “what” of the information system– Process
• The “how” of the information system– Network
• The “where” of the information system– People
• Who performs processes and are the source and receiver of data and information.
– Events and Points in time• When processes are performed
– Reasons• For events and rules that govern processing
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 8IS 257 – Fall 2013
Zachman Framework
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 9IS 257 – Fall 2013
Information Engineering
• A formal methodology that is used to create and maintain information systems
• Starts with the Business Model and works in a Top-Down fashion to build supporting data models and process models for that business model
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 10IS 257 – Fall 2013
Information Engineering
Planning
Design
Analysis
Implementation
1. Identify Strategic Planning Factors a. Goals b. Critical Success Factors c. Problem Areas2. Identify Corporate Planning Objects a. Org. Units b. Locations c. Business Functions d. Entity types3. Develop Enterprise Model a. Function decomposition b. Entity-Relationship Diagram c. Planning Matrices
1. Develop Conceptual Model (detailed E-R Diagram)2. Develop Process Models (data flow diagrams)
1. Design Databases (normalized relations)2. Design Processes a. Action Diagrams b. User Interfaces: menus, screens, reports
1. Build database definitions (tables, indexes, etc.)2. Generate Applications (program code, control blocks, etc.)
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 11IS 257 – Fall 2013
Focus
• In this course we will focus on the design aspects for databases
• We will NOT focus on interaction design or interface design (That is covered in other courses)
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 12IS 257 – Fall 2013
Database Design Process
ConceptualModel
LogicalModel
External Model
Conceptual requirements
Conceptual requirements
Conceptual requirements
Conceptual requirements
Application 1
Application 1
Application 2 Application 3 Application 4
Application 2
Application 3
Application 4
External Model
External Model
External Model
Internal Model
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 13IS 257 – Fall 2013
Database Design Process
• Conceptual Model– Merge the collective needs of all applications– Determine what Entities are being used
• Some object about which information is to maintained
– What are the Attributes of those entities?• Properties or characteristics of the entity• What attributes uniquely identify the entity
– What are the Relationships between entities• How the entities interact with each other?
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 14IS 257 – Fall 2013
Entity
• An Entity is an object in the real world (or even imaginary worlds) about which we want or need to maintain information– Persons (e.g.: customers in a business,
employees, authors)– Things (e.g.: purchase orders, meetings,
parts, companies)
Employee
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 15IS 257 – Fall 2013
Attributes
• Attributes are the significant properties or characteristics of an entity that help identify it and provide the information needed to interact with it or use it. (This is the Metadata for the entities.)
Employee
Last
Middle
First
Name SSN
Age
Birthdate
Projects
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 16IS 257 – Fall 2013
Relationships
• Relationships are the associations between entities. They can involve one or more entities and belong to particular relationship types
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 17IS 257 – Fall 2013
Relationships
ClassAttendsStudent
PartSuppliesproject partsSupplier
Project
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 18IS 257 – Fall 2013
Types of Relationships
• Concerned only with cardinality of relationship
TruckAssignedEmployee
ProjectAssignedEmployee
ProjectAssignedEmployee
1 1
n
n
1
m
Chen ER notation
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 19IS 257 – Fall 2013
Other Notations
TruckAssignedEmployee
ProjectAssignedEmployee
ProjectAssignedEmployee
“Crow’s Foot”
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 20IS 257 – Fall 2013
Many to Many Relationships
Employee
ProjectIsAssigned
ProjectAssignment
Assigned
SSN
Proj#
SSN
Proj#Hours
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 21
Note on drawing diagrams
• You will be asked to draw ER (or UML) diagrams for your personal database
• I prefer diagrams drawn with a drawing tool or DB Design tool
• There are loads of DB Design tools– See, e.g.,
http://www.databaseanswers.org/modelling_tools.htm
• One that integrates well with MySQL is MySQLWorkBench– http://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/
IS 257 – Fall 2013
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 22IS 257 – Fall 2013
Lecture Outline
• Review– Information Systems Planning
• Information Systems Architecture• Information Engineering
– Database Design– ER Diagrams
• Developing the Conceptual Model for the Diveshop Database
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 23IS 257 – Fall 2013
Developing a Conceptual Model• Overall view of the database that integrates all
the needed information discovered during the requirements analysis.
• Elements of the Conceptual Model are represented by diagrams, Entity-Relationship or ER Diagrams, that show the meanings and relationships of those elements independent of any particular database systems or implementation details.
• Can also be represented using other modeling tools (such as UML)
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 24IS 257 – Fall 2013
Developing a Conceptual Model• Building the Conceptual Model for the
Diveshop database
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 25IS 257 – Fall 2013
Developing a Conceptual Model• We will look at a small business -- a
diveshop that offers diving adventure vacations
• Assume that we have done interviews with the business and found out the following information about the forms used and types of information kept in files and used for business operations...
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 26IS 257 – Fall 2013
Primary Business Operations
• The shop takes orders from customers for dive vacations.
• It ships information about the dive vacation to the customers.
• It rents diving equipment for the divers going on the trips (these may include additional people other than the customer)
• It bills the customer for the vacation and for equipment rental or sales.
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 27IS 257 – Fall 2013
Business Operations (cont.)
• It arranges sub-trips to particular dive sites at the primary location– NOTE: This needs expanding – charter boats,
divemasters, local dive companies• It provides information about the features
of various sites to help customers choose their destinations.– Features include sea life found at the location
and shipwrecks
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 28IS 257 – Fall 2013
Business Operations (cont.)
• Each dive order (or sale or trip) is on an invoice to one customer.– Invoices contain:
• Line items for each type of equipment ordered,• Total amount due for the invoice,• Customer information:
– Name, address, phone, credit card info.• Note: could be expanded with particular charter dates and
time, dive boats, etc.
• Information must be kept on inventory of dive equipment.
• There are multiple types of dive equipment:– The prices charged for sale or rental are maintained.
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 29IS 257 – Fall 2013
Business Operations (cont.)
• Destination information includes:– Name of the destination– information about the location (accomodations, night
life, travel cost, average temperatures for different times of the year
• Destinations have associated dive sites.• Dive Sites have associated features
– Sea life – Shipwrecks– Note: could be expanded to include the boats, etc that
go to specific sites
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 30IS 257 – Fall 2013
Business Operations (cont.)
• One record is kept for each order by a customer and will include the method of payment, total price, and location information. (I.e. Customers may have multiple orders)
• The company needs to know how an order is to be shipped.
• The shop has to keep track of what equipment is on-hand and when replacements or additional equipment is needed
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 31IS 257 – Fall 2013
Entities
• Customer• Dive Order• Line item• Shipping information• Dive Equipment/ Stock/Inventory• Dive Locations
• Dive Sites• Sea Life• Shipwrecks
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 32IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: DIVECUST
Name
Customer no
Street
State/ProvCityZIP/Postal
Code
Country
First Contact
PhoneDiveCust
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 33IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: DIVEORDS
CustomerNo
Order no
SaleDate
ShipVia
DestinationCCExpDate
CCNumber
PaymentMethodDiveOrds
No ofPeople
VacationCost
ReturnDate
DepartDate
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 34IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: DIVEITEM
Item no
Order no
Rental/Sale
Qty
Line Note
DiveItem
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 35IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: SHIPVIA
Ship Via
ShipCost
ShipVia
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 36IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: DIVESTOK
Description
Item No
EquipmentClass
ReorderPoint
On Hand Cost
SalePrice
DiveStokRentalPrice
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 37IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: DEST
Destinationname
Destination no
Avg Temp (F)
SpringTemp (F) Avg
Temp (C)Summer Temp (C)
SummerTemp (F)
TravelCost
WinterTemp (C)
FallTemp (F)
FallTemp (C)Dest
WinterTemp (F)
Accommodations
Body ofWater
NightLife
SpringTemp (C)
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 38IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: SITES
Destinationno
Site no
Site Name
SiteNotes
SiteHighlight
DistanceFrom Town (M)
DistanceFrom Town (Km)
Skill Level
Visibility(ft)
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)Sites
Visibility (m)
Current
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 39IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: BIOSITE
SpeciesNo
SiteNo
BioSite
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 40IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: BIOLIFE
Category
Species no
CommonName
Length(cm)
SpeciesName
Length(in)
Notesexternal
GraphicexternalBioLife
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 41IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop Entities: SHIPWRCK
Site no
Ship Name
Category
InterestType Tonnage
Length (ft)
Beam(m)
Beam(ft)
Length(m)Shipwrck
Cause
Commentsexternal
DateSunk
Passengers/Crew
Graphicexternal
Survivors
Condition
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 42IS 257 – Fall 2013
Functional areas
• Ordering• Inventory• Supplies• Shipping• Billing• Location/Site Selection
– We will concentrate on Ordering and Location/Site Selection (these are joined tasks)
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 43IS 257 – Fall 2013
Ordering
Orders(DIVORDS)
Customer(DIVECUST)
Customers place OrdersEach Order needs Customer information
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 44IS 257 – Fall 2013
Ordering
DiveOrdsOrdersDiveCust
Customer No ship
ShipVia
Order No
Ship Via
DiveItem Repeatingattribute
Customer No
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 45IS 257 – Fall 2013
Ordering Normalization
DiveCust Orders
Customer No
DiveOrds
Ship
ShipVia
Order No
Ship Via
DiveItemContains
Item No
QtyOrder No
Customer No
Rental/sale
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 46IS 257 – Fall 2013
Details of DiveItem
DiveStokSuppliesSupplier
Company# Has
DiveItem
Item No
Item No
On Hand
Sale Price
Order No
m n
We’re ignoring this part...
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 47IS 257 – Fall 2013
Ordering: Full ER
CustomerNo
ShipVia
DestShipVia
DiveStok
DiveItem
DiveOrds
DiveCust
CustomerNo
ShipVia
OrderNo
OrderNo
ItemNo
ItemNo
DestinationName
Destination
Destinationno 1
1
1
1
1n
n
n
n
n
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 48IS 257 – Fall 2013
Location/Site Selection
DestGoing
to?DiveOrds
DestinationNo
DestinationName
Destination
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 49IS 257 – Fall 2013
Destination/ Sites
Dest
Sites
DiveOrds
CustomerNo
OrderNo
DestinationName
DestinationSite No
Destinationno
Destinationno
1
1
n
n
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 50IS 257 – Fall 2013
Sites and Sea Life 1
BioLife
Sites
Site NoDestination
no
Multiple occurrencesof sea life...
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 51IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop ER diagram: BioSite
SpeciesNo
SiteNo
BioSite
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 52IS 257 – Fall 2013
Sites and Sea Life 2
Sites
BioSite
BioLifeSpeciesNo
Site No
Site No
Destinationno
SpeciesNo
1
1
n
n
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 53IS 257 – Fall 2013
Sites and Shipwrecks
Sites
ShipWrck
Site NoDestination
no
Site No
1/n
1
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 54IS 257 – Fall 2013
DiveShop ER DiagramCustomer
No
ShipVia
Dest
Sites
BioSite
ShipVia
ShipWrck
BioLife DiveStok
DiveItem
DiveOrds
DiveCust
CustomerNo
ShipVia
OrderNo
OrderNo
ItemNo
ItemNo
DestinationName
Destination
SpeciesNo
Site No
Destinationno
Site No
Destinationno
SpeciesNo
Site No
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/n
1
1n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
1
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 55IS 257 – Fall 2013
What must be calculated?
• Total price for equipment rental?• Total price for equipment sale?• Total price of an order?
– Vacation price– Equipment (rental or sale)– Shipping
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 56IS 257 – Fall 2013
What is Missing??
• Not really an “enterprise-wide” database– No personnel…
• Sales people• Dive masters• Boat captains and crew• payroll
– No Local arrangements…• Dive Boats
– Charter bookings?• Hotels?
– Suppliers/Wholesalers for dive equipment• Orders for new/replacement equipment
– No history (only current or last order)
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 57IS 257 – Fall 2013
Diveshop database
• We will take a look at the the MySQL version of the DiveShop database using phpMyAdmin
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 58I257 - Fall 2013
MySQL version of Diveshop
• MySQL version of the database is available for download through the class web site
• phpMyAdmin is a web-based interface for MySQL databases providing simple access and modification functions– Not really a full DB environment, but has
many useful features• Quick Demo…
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 59IS 257 – Fall 2013
phpMyAdmin
• phpMyAdmin is a web-based interface for MySQL databases that has been set up for iSchool MySQL accounts.
• It can be accessed at https://groups.ischool.berkeley.edu/pma/– Need to have I School login/pw and MySQL
login and pw• Demo
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 60IS 257 – Fall 2013
Assignment 1 (also online)
• How many tons was the sunken ship Delaware?• What is customer Karen Ng’s address?• At what destinations and sites might you find a
Spotted Eagle Ray?• Where (what destination) is the site Palancar
Reef?• What sites might Lorraine Vega dive on her trip?• Keith Lucas wants to see a shipwreck on his trip.
Is he going to the right place?• What equipment is Richard Denning getting?• What is the cost of the equipment rental for
Louis Jazdzewski
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 61IS 257 – Fall 2013
Assignment 1: cont.
• The Database is available on the course web site
• Download your own copy and install from phpMyAdmin (demo)
• For each of the questions create a query in phpMyAdmin (more on this later)
• Create a document (Word, etc.) containing– The query being answered– The results of your query cut and pasted from
phpMyAdmin• Due date Sept. 19
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2013-09-05 - SLIDE 62IS 257 – Fall 2013
Next Time
• Tuesday: – More on Designing the Conceptual Model – Using UML to represent Conceptual Models