david appel cdfa - epidemiology of pierce’s disease in texas vineyards - 2008 symposium
DESCRIPTION
Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas VineyardsTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards
2008 Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium
Session 5: Crop Biology and Disease Epidemiology
Dr. David N. Appel, ProfessorDept. of Plant Pathology and Microbiology
Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX
December 17, 2008
![Page 2: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objective
Compare rates of Pierce’s Disease development amongcommon grape varieties in Texas vineyards
• Locations of inoculum sources,- primary (outside vineyard) vs. secondary (within vineyard),
• Influence of varietal selections, • Vector behavior,• Success of cultural and control practices.
“Historically, mapping the incidence and vine locations of PD and tracking spread over a few consecutive years has led to key conclusions regarding the sources of PD spread (Hill, Hashim and Purcell, 2002, PD Research Symposium, San Diego, CA)
![Page 3: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vineyard Surveys Methodology
• Rating of vine health (1 = healthy, 5 = dead),– based on composite of all symptoms,– recognize limitations!
• Incorporate into a Geographic Information System (GIS),• Conduct analyses of data,• Create georeferenced maps and analyze disease incidence
and severity in relation to site characteristics and vector behavior,
• Collect isolates for strain diversity analyses.
![Page 4: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
“Gulf Coast”Vineyard
“Hill Country”Vineyard
![Page 5: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Disease Progress in Gulf Coast Vineyard
2001 2005 2006 2007
Chambourcin, n = 1071
Survey maps
Rating scale: 1 = healthy , 2 = incipient symptoms , 3 = advanced symptoms , 4 = advanced symptoms/deiback , 5 = dead .
Logistic rate of disease increase (r) = 2.02
Ü 0 40 8020 Meters
![Page 6: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gulf CoastVineyard
12,342 vines
8 vine varieties
Variety No. of Vines Year Planted Rootstock
Chambourcin 1071 2001 own
Shiraz (4) 1270 2001 101-14
Primitivo (4) 1270 2001 SO4
Primitivo (3) 1280 2000 101-14
Shiraz (3) 1280 2000 101-14
Ruby Cab 1152 2000 101-14
Blanc du Bois 1071 2001 own
![Page 7: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Disease Progress – Gulf Coast Vineyard
2005 2007
P
P
S
S
M
M
Mb C
BdbRcÜ
0 10 20 30 405Meters
![Page 8: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Disease Progress in the Gulf Coast Vineyard
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Pro
po
rtio
n D
ead
Vin
es
Chambourcin
Shiraz 3
Shiraz 4
Primitivo 3
Primitivo 4
Rub Cab 5
Blanc du Bois
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Pro
po
rtio
n D
ead
Vin
es
Chambourcin
Shiraz 3
Shiraz 4
Primitivo 3
Primitivo 4
Rub Cab 5
Blanc du Bois
![Page 9: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Disease Progress in Hill Country Vineyard
Cabernet sauvignon
Pinot grigio
Cabernet sauvignon
Charadonnay
MerlotCab franc
Melbec
Ü
![Page 10: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Disease Progress in the Hill Country Vineyard
Year
![Page 11: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spatial PerspectivesOrdinary Runs Analysis
Variety Year Prop.
Within
Prop.
Across
Cab Sauv. 1 TXH
03 .105 .101
05 .210 .16
06 .316 .16
Merlot PAL 05 .40 0.0
06 .70 .023
Merlot TXH 05 .44 .127
06 .61 .222
![Page 12: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HILL Country VineyardVarietal responses
Variety n rm rdEdge
Effect?
Rows With clusters
Cab sauv 2 1627 0.79 0.56 Yes n/a
Pinot grigio 3477 0.59 0.46 No n/a
Merlot 1419 0.56 0.50 No Yes
Chardonnay 3267 0.27 0.22 Yes n/a
Cab franc 557 0.18 0.13 Yes n/a
Cab sauv 1 1111 0.06 0.05 Yes Yes
![Page 13: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fates/Recovery Rates of Diseased Vines
Majority of Chambourcin, even healthy,were dead after 2 years
Small number vines with incipientsymptoms rated healthy after 3 years
No Chambourcin with advancedsymptoms recovered after 2 years
![Page 14: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fates/Recovery Rates of Diseased Vines
Majority of Shiraz healthy,After 2 years
Large number vines with incipientsymptoms rated healthy after 2 years
One Shiraz vine with advancedsymptoms recovered after 2 years
![Page 15: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Results of Attempted Isolations From Chambourcin
= positive = negative
• 33 attempted isolations ,• vines selected on symptoms,
• Vines sampled in June,
• Health ratings made in August,
• Vines selected on basis of suspected symptoms,
• 24 positive, 9 negative.
Positive for Isolation
Negative for Isolation
Health Rating (no.) (no.)
1 2 3
Chambourcin 2 1 2
3 9 3
4 2 1
![Page 16: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Health Ratings of Vines Sampled for Isolation
Gulf Coast Vineyard (Six Blocks)
Numbers of Positive Vines
Numbers of Negative
Vines
YearRating =
1Rating =
2Rating =
3
Rating = 4-6
Rating = 1
Rating = 2
Rating = 3
Rating = 4-6
2005 30 33 2 1 24 10 0 1
2006 13 24 21 8 26 5 3 1
2007 12 6 20 28 19 7 3 6
Culture attempts = 101Positive isolations = 66 (6 blocks only)
![Page 17: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Strain Analysis at Gulf Coast VineyardMultiplex PCR Assay Primers
Primer Sequence (5'-3')
XF1968-L GGAGGTTTACCGAAGACAGAT
XF1968-R ATCCACAGTAAAACCACATGC
XF 2542-L TTGATCGAGCTGATGATCG
XF 2542-R CAGTACAGCCTGCTGGAGTTA
ALM-1 CTGCAGAAATTGGAAACTTCAG
ALM-2 GCCACACGTGATCTATGAA
Hernandez-Martinez et al. 2006. Plant Dis. 90: 1382-1388
*C.P. TORRES, D.N. Appel, and L. Morano. 2008. Phytopathology (Abstr.).
Multiplex PCR Assay used to differentiation subspecies of Almond strain I, Almond strain II, Pierce’s Disease strain, and Oleandar*
Step 1.
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Primer Forward Sequence Reverse SequenceType of repeat
motif
OSSR-9 TAGGAATCGTCTTCAAACTG TTACTATCGGCAGCAGAC (TTTCCGT)13
GSSR-4 GCGTTACTGGCGACAAAC GCTCGTTCCTGACCTGTG (ATCC)7
GSSR-7 ATCATGTCGTGTCGTTTC CAATAAAGCACCGAATTAGC (GGCAAC)24
GSSR-14 TTGATGTGCTTTTGCGGTAAG GACAGGTCCTCTCATTGCG (TCCCGTA)24
GSSR-19 GCCGATGCAGAACAAGAAC TCAACTTCGCCACACCTG (GAAAAACAAG)19
Lin et al. 2005. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71(8): 4888-4892
Step 2. Differentiation of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies piercei isolates into strain groups utilizing simple sequence repeat markers
OSSR# 9 OSSR# 4
OSSR# 14 OSSR# 19
OSSR# 7
![Page 18: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• 102 Isolates– 7 Varieties– 5 Blocks
• 3 Major groups– Red
• 44 Isolates• 7 Varieties• 5 Blocks
– Blue • 39 Isolates• 6 Varieties• 5 Blocks
– Green • 14 Isolates• 4 Varieties• 3 Blocks• Temecula
– Black• Non-Grape and Dixon Strain
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis -Between-Group Linkages
![Page 19: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Observations/Conclusions
• Secondary spread within vineyards prevalent,• Different varieties respond to infection with
great variability,• Variability goes beyond varietal differences,• Grape strain (subsp. fastidiosa) dominates
population,• Consequences for growers,
– recommended varieties,– roguing practices.
![Page 20: David Appel CDFA - Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Texas Vineyards - 2008 Symposium](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062514/558c0d47d8b42aa2338b4570/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Questions?
Thanks to:
Cruz TorresTom KurdylaKelly Bryan
TX PD Research Group