david williams british hydropower association environment protection environment...
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David WilliamsDavid WilliamsBritish Hydropower AssociationBritish Hydropower Association
Environment Protection Environment Protection Requirements Requirements
for Small Hydro Schemesfor Small Hydro Schemes
European Hydropower SummitEuropean Hydropower SummitBucharest – 28 February 2012Bucharest – 28 February 2012
Scope of Presentation:
1. UK Hydro – overview
2. “Environmental” opposition to hydropower
3. Creating a balance
4. Environmental Guidance for Hydro Schemes
Environment Protection Requirements For Small Hydro Schemes
Based on UK Experience
UK Hydro – overview UK Hydro – overview
History of hydro development
To Mid 1800’s – Waterpower - Private
History of hydro development
Mid 1800’s - Private
UK Hydro – overview UK Hydro – overview
History of hydro development
1940’s – Public - CEGB and NOSHEB
UK Hydro – overview UK Hydro – overview
History of hydro development
From 1990’s - Private
Refurbished
New
Micro
UK Hydro – overview UK Hydro – overview
• Pumped StoragePumped Storage• Storage hydroStorage hydro• Run of river hydroRun of river hydro• Micro hydroMicro hydro• Energy recovery from water supply and water Energy recovery from water supply and water treatmenttreatment• Refurbishment/replacement and upgrade of old plantRefurbishment/replacement and upgrade of old plant
Types of Hydro in UKTypes of Hydro in UK
UK Hydro – existing and potential UK Hydro – existing and potential
• Conventional hydro – Conventional hydro – 1.5 GW1.5 GW
• Pumped storage – Pumped storage – 2.8 GW2.8 GW
Present Hydro Capacity in UKPresent Hydro Capacity in UK
UK Hydro – existing and potential UK Hydro – existing and potential
PotentialPotentialEngland England & Wales& Wales
EA Hydro mapping EA Hydro mapping study 2010study 2010
26,000 barriers26,000 barriers
4,000 “win-win” 4,000 “win-win” hydro / fish pass hydro / fish pass
~ 600 MW ~ 600 MW
DECC / WG studyDECC / WG study 250 MW 250 MW
UK Hydro – existing and potential UK Hydro – existing and potential
PotentialPotentialScotlandScotland Scottish Scottish
Government Government studies 2008 & studies 2008 & 20092009
1200 schemes1200 schemes
1200 MW 1200 MW
UK Hydro – existing and potential UK Hydro – existing and potential
Potential new Hydro Capacity in UKPotential new Hydro Capacity in UK
UK Hydro – existing and potential UK Hydro – existing and potential
Pumped Storage - 1 GWPumped Storage - 1 GW Conventional Hydro Scotland 1200 MW Conventional Hydro Scotland 1200 MW England & Wales England & Wales 250 MW 250 MW N IrelandN Ireland ~10 MW ~10 MW Water supply and water treatmentWater supply and water treatment ~40 MW~40 MW
TOTAL new potentialTOTAL new potential 2.5 GW 2.5 GW of which conventional hydro is 1.5 GWof which conventional hydro is 1.5 GW
Doubling existing conventional hydro capacityDoubling existing conventional hydro capacity
Feed-in Tariff (FiT)Feed-in Tariff (FiT)
FiT Review 2012FiT Review 2012
Renewables Incentives:Renewables Incentives:
Renewable Obligation (RO)Renewable Obligation (RO)
ROC Banding Review 2011ROC Banding Review 2011
UK Hydro – overview UK Hydro – overview
UK Hydro – overview UK Hydro – overview
Four Countries
Legal arm – “Fish Legal”Legal arm – “Fish Legal”
Campaign organisationCampaign organisation
Widely quotedWidely quoted
“Environmental” Opposition to Hydropower
4 Campaigns against 4 Campaigns against hydropower in 2011hydropower in 2011
Only aims –Only aims –•Protect Fish StocksProtect Fish Stocks•Increase number of anglers Increase number of anglers “ “fishing for fun & in competitions”fishing for fun & in competitions”
Destroys fish habitatDestroys fish habitat
Has a cumulative impact Has a cumulative impact throughout a river systemthroughout a river system
Inhibits movement of fishInhibits movement of fish
“Environmental” Opposition to Hydropower
Kills FishKills Fish
Little addition to UK Little addition to UK electricity productionelectricity production
Massive returnsMassive returns
Poor regulationPoor regulation
“Environmental” Opposition to Hydropower
““The EA is licencing hundreds The EA is licencing hundreds of schemes without knowing what of schemes without knowing what the impact is. In Europe, they’re the impact is. In Europe, they’re busily tearing out ugly fish-busily tearing out ugly fish-mincing machines they put in 10 mincing machines they put in 10 years ago, having realised the years ago, having realised the error of their ways. If hydropower error of their ways. If hydropower were generating 30% of energy were generating 30% of energy requirements, we would be more requirements, we would be more accommodating, but the reality is accommodating, but the reality is you could just switch off a few you could just switch off a few lights and achieve the same lights and achieve the same effect”effect”
Angling TrustAngling Trust
EMOTIV
E !
EMOTIV
E !
INACURATE !
INACURATE !
UNBALACED !
UNBALACED !
DESTRUCTIVE !
DESTRUCTIVE !
Fish Protection:Fish Protection:•Fish PassesFish Passes•Fish screeningFish screening•Eel regulationsEel regulations
Flood riskFlood risk
Available FlowAvailable Flow
Creating a balanceCreating a balance
Hydropower Environmental ImpactHydropower Environmental Impact
Other ecology protectionOther ecology protection
• Increased numbers of applicationsIncreased numbers of applications• Local viewsLocal views• Inconsistency in consenting processInconsistency in consenting process
Regulatory problemsRegulatory problems
Hydropower Environmental ImpactHydropower Environmental Impact
Creating a balanceCreating a balance
• Renewable energy source – carbon savingsRenewable energy source – carbon savings• National targetsNational targets• Security of supplySecurity of supply• Long lastingLong lasting• Developed technologyDeveloped technology• Highest energy payback ratioHighest energy payback ratio• Etc,etc………Etc,etc………
Hydropower BenefitsHydropower Benefits
Creating a balanceCreating a balance
Environmental Guidance for Environmental Guidance for Hydro SchemesHydro Schemes
Environmental Guidance for Environmental Guidance for Hydro SchemesHydro Schemes
Good Practice GuidelinesGood Practice GuidelinesEngland & WalesEngland & Wales
History:History:
2003 - 2003 - UK Cabinet Office sees UK Cabinet Office sees issues with WFTissues with WFT
20092009 - GPG v1 issued - GPG v1 issued
20102010 – Angling & fisheries – Angling & fisheries groups mount oppositiongroups mount opposition
Environmental Guidance for Environmental Guidance for Hydro SchemesHydro Schemes
History (continued):History (continued):
20112011 - March- March: New Working : New Working Group established, involving Group established, involving Angling Trust and Salmon & Angling Trust and Salmon & Trout AssnTrout Assn
2011 - July2011 - July: GPG public : GPG public consultation launchedconsultation launched
2012 - March2012 - March : GPG v2 issued ? : GPG v2 issued ?
Environmental Guidance for Environmental Guidance for Hydro SchemesHydro Schemes
The regulator has the impossible The regulator has the impossible task of finding the right balance.task of finding the right balance.
The Environment Agency can The Environment Agency can never please everybody ….never please everybody ….
…….but they can upset everybody!.but they can upset everybody!
““Regulation needs to be: Regulation needs to be: Consistent,Consistent, Accountable,Accountable, Proportionate, Targeted,Proportionate, Targeted, TransparentTransparent.”.”
HYDROPOWERHYDROPOWER
Here to stay!Here to stay!