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Sources of Islam

/Shariah

AMEENULLAH SHEIKH

ameenullah.shaikh@iqra.edu.pk

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Definition of Islam

Definition ofShariah

Sources ofShariah

Presentation Outline

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Islamic Economic System

What is Islam?

Islam is a religion that provides a set of

rules for life and we therefore call it a 'codeof life' which means a code or system that

covers all aspects of life of a human being.

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SHARIAH

1. Lexical meaning: Plain Way

2. Technical meaning:The Divine Law

Definition

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Then We have put you (O prophet) on a plain

way of (our) commandment. So follow it anddo not follow the desires of those who do notknow. (45:18)

Definition

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1. The Holy Quran

2. The Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (SAW)

3. Ijma (consensus of the Ummah)4. Qiyas (Anology)

Sources of Shariah

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Express Injunctions have no room for differentinterpretations

Implied injunctions may be interpreted indifferent ways by way of inference

The Holy Quran

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Definition:

A word spoken or an act done or ratified bythe Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)

It is a source of law because the Holy Quranitself has made it obligatory for every believer

that he obeys and follows the Holy Prophet:

Sunnah

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And obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are

believers (8:1)

Sunnah

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Ijma means consensus of the scholars of theummah on a particular issue

The Holy Prophet (SAW) has said:

My Ummah shall never be combined on an error.

Ijma

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To apply a recognized rule of Shariahexpressly mentioned in the Holy Quran andSunnah to a similar thing or situation by way

of analogy.

Ijtihad is the part of Qiyas (Analogy)

Qiyas ( Analogy)

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Literal meanings:

To exert ones utmost effort

Technical Meaning:

To exert utmost effort to discover a ruling ofShariah in a particular matter

Ijtihad

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When the Holy Prophet (SAW) intended to sendhis companion Muadh, may Allah be pleasedwith him, to Yaman as a ruler and as a judge,he asked him: How will you adjudicate a matterwhen it will come to you?

He Said, I shall decide on the basis of AllahsBook (the Holy Quran)The Holy Prophet asked, if you do not find it inAllahs Book (what will you do)?He said: then, on the basis of the Sunnah ofAllahs Messenger.

Origin of Ijtihad

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If you do not find it even in the Sunnah ofAllahs Messenger (what will you do)? TheHoly Prophet asked.

He replied: I shall make ijtihad on the basis

of my understanding and will not spare anyeffort (to reach the truth).

On this the Holy Prophet (SAW) said, Praisebe to Allah, who has let the messenger of the

messenger of Allah to do what pleases Allahsmessenger.

(Abu Dawood, Hadith no3592)

Origin of Ijtihad

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Extensive knowledge of :

The Arabic language and literature

The Holy Quran The back ground of the verses of the Holy

Quran called Asbab-un-nuzool

Critical studies of the traditions relevant to

the exegesis of the Quran Sunnah

Requirement of Ijtihad

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Extensive knowledge of :

Critical studies of ahadith and their

authenticity Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh)

Requirement of Ijtihad

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Thank You