daylighting luminaires = openings - filetoth · daylighting luminaires = openings light sources ......
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Daylighting
Openings
Levente Filetó[email protected]
Dpt. of Building Energetics and ServicesK.231.
www.egt.bme.hu/filetoth
Daylighting Luminaires = OpeningsLight sources
• direct sunlight• diffused light of the sky• reflected light
Luminaires• Openings:‣ side-lights (such as
windows)‣ skylights• Special daylighting
systems
Openings
• Side lights (windows)
• Skylights
Openings
• Daylight enters through the transparent surfaces of the openings into the interior
• Openings are the those structural units that contains such transparent surfaces
Openings • Openings let the daylight in,
while also modify the characteristics of daylight
• Their orientation determines the part of the sky hemisphere that will provide daylight
• Their structure will effect the illuminance distribution in the interior
Openings • Integral part of the building
envelope and of the building structure
• Most comply with several disciplines (energy, structure, building construction) besides providing natural light
• Provide visual connection with the exterior
Openings
Structural aspects• Widows (side lights),• Skylights• Transparent walls• Transparent ceilings• Other transparent
elements of the building shell and structure
Openings
Main structural parts of openings (considering daylighting)
• Transparent surfaces• Obstructions (frame)• Reflecting surfaces
Openings
Main structural parts of openings (considering daylighting)
• Transparent surfaces• Obstructions (frame)• Reflecting surfaces
Translarent wallsTypical efficiency values:
single-layered, transparent glass: cca. 0,7double-layered, transparent glass: cca. 0,6glass blcoks: cca. 0,3
Further reduction of efficiency due to:
• dirt: 25-30%
Skylights
Linear Spot
Skylights
• Located above the ceiling
• Inclination of transparent surface: 0-90°
• Arbitrary orientation• Layout:
• Linear • Spot
Linear skylights
Geometry:
• Saw-tooth• Horizontal• Monitor• Picthed
Saw-tooth
Saw-tooth (0-90°):• Efficiency:
90°: 0,1 … 0,260°: 0,2 … 0,2530°: 0,25 … 0,35
• Northern orientation ensures protection agains direct sunlight!
Horizontal
Horizontal:• Efficiency:
0,25 … 0,4
• Protection must be provided against direct sunlight!
Monitor
Monitor (60-90°):Efficiency:
symm. 90°: 0,1 - 0,2assymm. 90°: 0,15 - 0,2sloping gl.: 0,2 … 0,35
• Protection must be provided against direct sunlight!
Pitched
Pitched (cca. 45°):• Efficiency
0,3 … 0.4
• Protection must be provided against direct sunlight!
Spot skylights
Geometry:
• Dome• Pyramid• Prism
Dome
Dome:• Efficiency:
0,2 … 0.4
• Protection must be provided against direct sunlight!
Prism
Prism (cca. 45°):• Efficiency
0,25 … 0.35
• Protection must be provided against direct sunlight!
Spot Skylights
Spot Skylights
Spot Skylights
Spot Skylights
Geometry:
• Saw-tooth• Horizontal• Monitor• Picthed
Prisms Dayligh,ng tubes
Dayligh,ng systemsShading devices, Light-‐shelves
Daylighting systems
Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices
PrismsLight-selves
Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices
Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices
Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices
Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices
Daylighting tubes
Hybrid Daylighting Systems
Hybrid Daylighting Systems
Hybrid Daylighting Systems
The amount of daylight entering the interior changes constantly, the transparency of shading devices must adopt to this:
• dark exterior (night)
• adequate amount of daylight is present (eq. cloudy sky)
• intolerable amount of daylight is present (eq. clear sky)
Openings and Shading Devices
Openings - equipped with internal or external shading devices - must also ensure visual connection with the exterior, possibly at all times!
Openings and Shading Devices
Dark exteriorGlazed surfaces become “black holes” on the building envelope It is recommended to add “curtains” for the internal surfaces of the openings at night!
Shading devices
Shading devicesThe available amount of daylight constantly changes, the required amount of shading must be changed accordingly:
• manual control
• central - automated - control
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• homogeneous
Shading devices
Shading devices
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• inhomogeneous
Such materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!
Shading devices
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• inhomogeneousSuch materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!
Shading devices
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• homogeneous or
• inhomogeneousInhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!
Shading devices
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• homogeneous or
• inhomogeneousInhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!
Shading devices
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• homogeneous or
• inhomogeneousInhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!
Shading devices
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• homogeneous or
• inhomogeneousInhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!
Shading devices
The structure of the material of shading devices can be:
• homogeneous or
• inhomogeneousInhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices
Color:it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance
Light Diffusion:shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort)it’s easier to clean the shiny surfaces
Shading devices