UPDATE Page 13

D cIm i is mm attack by Um stata UDF. Plctorad art Um 22 •rlflM l

THE STATE hes charged the 22 Delmas trialists with being party to an alleged conspiracy the ANC and the UOF to overthrwTThe government by violence or threats of violence.

They are charged with a main count of treason, alternatively with three charges of terrorism, two of subversion and five of murder - most relating to the Vaal uprising of September 1984.

Nineteen of the accused were linked to organisations in the Veel prior to the September 1984 uprising In some cases this link Is extremely tenuous - Tom Manthata for example has been put In the dock for adresslng a single meeting in Sharpeville.

UDF leaders like Popo Molefe, Terror Lekote and Moss Chikane have no direct connection to organisations in the Vaal. The state indictment ignores this.

Thus comrades like Popo, Terror and Moss face murder charges in relation to the deaths of Vaal councillors whom they never knew existed and who were killed while the/ were in detention.

Council for defence Mr Arthur Cheskalson has charged that the tria l has almost been reduced to a

mm Um layatity mf Umtrla lists.

- Shirt trial“T shirt tr ia l' referring to witnesses who always say " I saw a UDF T shirt (In the crowd at an incident of unrest)."

On 4 November Mr Chaskalson, in reviewing state evidence, said the evidence did not link the acts of violence that occurred to any UDF campaign.

Much of the state esse hes been besed on evidence given by state witnesses whose evidence heard In camera has changed overnitfit. One witness claimed her evidence had been fabricated and that she had been forced to fabricate it.

Stop Press: Three of the Delaes trtalists were released et the end of Novealber when the judge found that the state had not presented a ease against theoL

They are More, Malindf and Vllofcazl. Six others were released on bail. They ore Mokoena, Mphuthl. (taaakgula. HI anyone, delete end Rotsooio.

All our support Bust now concontroto on these still regaining on trial.

Delmas: the T

UDF has foreign funds cut off

The organisation that has been the hardest hit, however, is the UDF and its affiliates. From its inception the UDF has been the targk of the state attempts to isolate the UDF from the people. To this end various methods were adopted:

* Disinformation : the distribution of bogus pamphlets countrywide. Disinformation about the Front and its activities has also been spread through various other forms of media

* Meetings of the Front have A been banned^ * Victimisation of UDF

leaders and activists in the urban areas and in the bantustansincludmgthe banning of the Front in the Transkei.

* Trumped up treason charges against our leaders.

During the first emergency 83* of detainees were from the UDF and 79% in the second emergency.

Important leaders of the people like Trevor Manual, Raymond Suttner, Amos Masondo, Titus M8folo Stone Sizani and many others have

( been detained and banned.

Affected organisation

Coupled with all this the UDF was declared an affected organisation on October 9, and is now forbidden to receive funds from overseas.

Through its openly facist methods the state has sought to regain the ground it has lost to the people.

In arras where we have developed strong peoples' committees, these methods have been resisted and frustrated. The people have seen the need 10 defend lNe:r leaders and organisations in order 10 c -^olidate and advance.

Page 14

ItftcV tT .1.* ? * * .' » • * * • » • i f E M i i m . m* 4

a r s r r r , p , m

Trasco says give backour schools

MT0 tM0 • f st94»mts 4trim g tA StmU # / Emtrgtmey?

Our demands are loud and clear, a) The lifting of the State of

Emergency; tO The release of our fellow

students and teachers;c) Withdrawal of the SAP and the

SADFd) The unbanning of COSAS;e) The lifting of restrictions on

SRC meetings;f) The government to disband

youth camps; andg) The opening of all closed

schoolsWe view the State of Emergency

as the state’s response to the massive growth of democratic and student organisations. The government has lost control over education. Through this State of Emergency they hoped to recover the ground they have lost

Our schools have now been turned into “army camps" with soldiers stationed inside. We are made to produce ID Dompas cards when entering our schools. This makes us feel like strangers in our own schools.

We are also faced with a situation where thousands of our fellow classmates and teachers are in detention. Many of our members are under the age of 15, and have already spent six months in apartheid's stinking cells.

The government has denied us the right to organise ourselves like our parents who are prevented from organising themselves on the factory floor. This has resulted in the banning of COSAS and SRC meetings

The government hopes to re-establish .itself through the rejected Nazi-styled "youth camps" Its objective is to win the hearts and minds of the

>e & creating stooges like Gatsha Buthelezi and UCCP's Thamsanqa L indaSchool and university students demond the lifting o f the Emergency

i « T rite * t*±0m V A # / / # s EducmtitM • • rim g t f * p * s t f 0w mtmths?

We are continuing to show our rejection of apartheid education and to reaffirm our demand for a People's Education where the "doors of learning and culture shall be opened to a ir

Cultural activities, sport programmes, group discussions, debates and tuition are taking siace in both open and closed schools. We are also embarking on solidarity action with affected areas. These programmes are continuing under tne harsh rule cf the SADF which is bent disrupting our activities, defend these programmes at all times.

TMst is Trasc* 4»M BM 4im g » f *t pf0S0Mt?

We call on the DET to meet with the NECC to discuss the education crisis.

Many a time the NECC has been given a mandate tc meet with the DET. But the DET has refused to meet with the NECC and instead many NECC members have been detained.

Faced with the situation where thousands of our schoolmates are in detention and hundreds of

■student leaders in hiding, we demand that* The DET postpone

examinations to .next year as this will give all students an opportunity to write.

* Students who were unable to write this year and teachers who have been expelled or detained should not be refused admission next year

UPDATEr ■ r_________________________________

gmimt hss Trasc0 im its sk ir t

mxigfm a ?

There have been a number of gains made. To mention a few1) We managed to create an

unshakable unity among ourselves.

2) Although the DET has the assistance of the SADF and the SAP. we have rendered its programmes unworkable

3) We have established a good relationship with parents, the NECC and other sectors of the community

_ A) A good working relationship has been established between parents, teachers and students. This can be seen in the establishment of Parent-Teacher -Students associations

VM*t 4»es Trssci • ip 0 d ttmcJktrs?

We expect teachers to strengthen the working relationship with us as students because they are also affected by the governments /DET's repressive measures.

Teachers should work on lengthening their teachers ™ganisations such as NEUSA so

tnat their unity won't be broken by the DET

Teachers should also fully participate In developing their teaching methods in consultation with the broader community so as to meet the demands of People's Education.C»mm*at 0M Tr**C9 */

rilMtiimskip wJtM tk# 7 0 0 th r

As students we are members of the community and a part of the youth which has fallen victim to the apartheid education system.

We are working jointly with the youth to form youth congresses to challenge the problems that confront us.

DET closes the doors of learning and culture

______________________ ______________ Page 15

Empty desks symbolise th« education crisis

THE DEPARTMENT of Education and Training seems intent on pursuing a heod-on collision course with students, parents and teachers.

The people of South Africa ore worried and concerned about the future of education in South Africa. There is a c ritica l need for the community to discuss education.

Yet meetings are banned and hundreds of students, and their parents and teachers are in detention. Thousands of students have been expelled while teachers have been retrenched. Troops and police occupy school premises.

Time and time again the National Education Crisis Committee (NECC) has attempted to meet the DET to resolve the crisis. Instead of meeting the grievances of the community the DET has followed its apartheid masters In closing down schools In a fu tile attempt to resolve the education crisis.

Today the DET has closed about 88 schools in a ll parts of the country. In Soweto 10 schools have been closed down, three in the East Rand, 60 in the Eastern Cape and IS in ’ the Northern Transvaal.

S t a t e a n d b i g b u s i n e s s p a n i c a s f o r e j g

W orkers at heart of sanctions debate

w ill automatically bring about radical change in this country.

Fierce debatePresently a fierce debate is

raging nationally and Tk* M ja r lly warktrs

GROWING mass resistance nationally against apartheid oppression and exploitation has now led to the intensification of various protest actions internationally.

It also led to an increese in government harrasment and victimisation of organisations and individuals in favour of such international measures on the other hand.

An effective struggle against a repressive regime like ours must be waged at all possible levels. Thus in our struggle international isolation of the Nationalists is esential.

Sanctions are one measure which forms a vital aree for the International community to pressurise Pretoria.

MultinationalsSouth Africa in fact is viewed

as one of the leading trading countries in the world today. South African capital has come to rely a W on foreign capital as can be shown by the number of multinationals that had been operating here.

OppMlwhMr: u h WmCMctra fer werktrs

Thus the waging of sanctions and other forms of pressure has the ability to pressurise South Africa to address itself to the genuine and long standing demands of the people. This of course does not necessarily mean that sanctions by themselves

Internationally on the issue of sanctions/disinvestment. The application of sanctions and economic pressure tends to vary from country to country. Some countries have applied voluntary sanctions, some have been adhering to certain international cates of conduct and others have

to have pressure applied on them to—get them to apply sanctions.

The strangest thing about the disinvestment debate is the suddBn concern by a range of people for the suffering of black South Africans.

Government response Louis Nel, Deputy Minister of

Foreign Affairs, tells us that disinvestment, successfully employed, Is an act of violence agaist blacks. This comes from a person in the very apartheid regime which daily sends its troops Into the townships.

The director of Steel and Engineering IndustriesFederation of South Africa (SEIFSA), Mr Sam Van Coler has seid that the imposition of sanctions was a serious blow to the country's Iron and steel sectors and jeopadises the 93500 Jobs In that Industry.

It comes as a surprise that SEIFSA which is an employers federation opposed to COSATU and all progresive organisations should suddenly be concerned about the plight of black workers as they have been responsible for mass dismissals and exploitation of the workers.

Harry Oppenheimer said those

A tiim U M itI who argue for disinvestment,

white or black, are not concerned with Justice am freedom in Africa. Last year, of course, big businesses and Oppenheimer himself, came out In support of PW Botha’s declaration of the State of Emergency. That is how concerned Oppenheimer and his fellow bosses are about our people's freedom.

Uwusa, another puppet so called federation which is pro-capitalism, andpro- investment, sudden ly shows concern for workers. One cannot be pro-capitalism and have the workers interest at heart at the same time.

Lastly the majority of the suffering masses have said that suffering or no suffering they are In favour of sanctions.

" A crumb is better than no bread" is South Africa’s slogan on black workers and the masses in general.

Eastman Kodak of the US and Bata Shoes of Canada recently announced their withdrawal from South Africa This was the latest of a spate of companies either leaving or Intending to leave South Africa

This has added a new dimension to the wholedisinvestment/sanctions debate. The General Motors strike helped to focus even more sharply on the question of responsibilities and obligations of departing companies towards its workforce.

UPDATE Page 17

O v e r s e a s t h e y s a y n o m o r e

t o B o t h a

The EEC Countries l e l | l »

a) Termination of risk on medium and long term credits for exports to South Africa.b) Freeze on inter government agreements.

^ ■ a l la a i :Termination of export credit

guarantees and selective termination of banking agreements.

Iralaatf:a) No official assistance for

economic relations with South Africa

b) Ban on health agencies from importing from South Africa or dealing with the South African authoritiesc) A ban on agricultural products.

K talg:a) Closure of immigration officers In Italy and dicouragement of emmigration to South Africab) Controls on the export of civilian aircraft to South Africac) Embargo on the sales of m ilitary equipment

The above are ell voluntary sanctions, no pressure what so ever was put on these countries to impose sanctions.

Britala

c) Recall of m ilitary attachesd) Discouragement of scientific eventse) Cessation of oil to South Africaf) Non collaboration on nucleur mattersg) End of export of computers and scientific equipment to the SAPh) Banning of all new government to government loansI) Banning of import of ell gold coins from South Africa.

Voluntary new sanctions (Britain)Ban on new investment*Ban on promotions of tourism

P rtU sts Mtsitf* f ir t lf * kaaks will §r»w

Countries outside EEC

S a e fe i:a) Ban on new investments, loans, credits and security for South African public debts.b) Ban on local fru it, wine and Kruger randsc) State schemes to seek alternative supplies of strategic minerals.d) Trade and maritime traffic officially discouraged.e) Ban on air links.Brazil:a) Ban on export of arms, crude

a) Embargo on the export - import of oil and petrolium derivatives arms b) Ban on all cultural andb) Refusal to cooperate m ilitarily sporting contacts

c) Severed diplomatic relations All the above have imposed voluntary sanctions

■ a lta i States:

Existing Sanctions:

Existing Sanctionsa) Prohibition on export -import bank transactionsb) Prohibition of US exports to the SAP andSADFc) Non-recognition of‘ Independent' homelandsd) UN arms embargo ( imports-exports)e) Prohibition of commercial bank loans to South African governmentf) Ban on sales of computer and technotag/ to apartheid enforcing army of South Africag) Ban on nucleur collaboration with South Africa for other than humanitarian reasonsh) Ban on the import of gold

Japaa:e) Ban or direct investment in South Africa by Japanese companiesb) Japanese banks discouraged from lending money to South Africec) Restriction of export insurance for trade with South Africad) Ban on the sale of computer equipment to the SAPe) Official discouragement of the sale of Kruger rands

Recently there has been a growing interest in Japan on South Africa Japan is becoming even more Important now as South Africa seeks alternative markets in Asia.

■aatralla:a) Suspension of all investment In South Africa by public enterpriseb) Ban on government guarantees for export credits

Page 18UPDATE

UDF NEWS ROUND IIPMass apart sttppife aa 1 ItceBber

COSATO HAS declared December 1 a day of commemoration to mark the deaths of more than 250 Cosatu members this year.

The decision to embark on a mass stoppage on December 1 follows the recent death of a worker during police action at a Metal and Allied Workers Union meeting in Durban.

Joy Naidoo, Cosatu General Secretary, said December 1 is not just a day of mourning but a dty on which the country's workers w ill ra lly around the call to stop the killings. Cos8tu demands the right to meet without police interference and fear of being shot and killed

N IM h i ia i r s H a it fe l i

IN A SIGNIFICANT move the National Union of Mlneworkers paid tribute to jailed African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela At Its Annual Congress held earlier this y e r NUM elected elected Comrade Mandela honorary president.

la te ra a l leaders atteatf Mechel faaeral

THE FUNERAL of the people s president Comrade Sam ore M ache I broucfit UDF president Archie Gumede and Cosatu’s general secretary Jay Naidoo to occupy places of honour among African heads of State.

Their presence followed a decision by Frontline States to include internal leaders in top level discussions.

6M worker displays his injurin altar a clash with pol>c«

6M Barters area't be left la the larch

GENERAL MOTORS is confronted with a major challenge from the National Automobile and Allied Workers union (NAAWU) which has pledged to continue to fight until workers receive all their rights before the company pulls Out of South Africa.

Two thousand workers are affected by the company's withdrawal from the country.

The workers are demanding among other things

1) Severance pay of one months salary for each completed year with the company.

2) Th8t all contributions from the company and employers towards the pension fund be paid out to the workers.

3) That two of the new directors in the new company be appointed by NAAWU members

employed by the company.However General Motors said

it was not prepared to pay the severance money and the company woukti’t refund pension contributions.

This sparked a strike on October 29. Five hundred and sixty seven workers were dismissed.

COSATU has come out in support of the General Motors workers, pointing out that the workers are not prepared to beer the brunt of sanctions and disinvestment which are the direct result of apartheid

Community and youth organisations in Port Elizabeth pledged strong support for the striking workers at a mass meeting

Patca has hegcett

THE BUS boycott of Putco which begen on 1 November was triggered by fare increases of up to I7,5X in the Transvaal and 15* in Natal.

Eleven days of boycotting Putco buses by Soweto residents cost the company more than R 481 360. Putco however stands by the increase and w ill not budge.

Putco buses have also been used as Trojan horses carrying security police into the townships. One child was killed and nine others injured when white men in a bus opened fire on a group of costumed children ploying at Guy Fawkes.

Picket racist cricketTHE UDF has slated the latest boycott breaking cricket tour by rebel Australian cricketers.

"Their visit gives tacit support to the daily detentions and deaths of our people, their

UPDATE

UDF NEIIIS ROUND IIPPage 19

only motivation is greed", said a UDF spokesperson.

So far there have been several protests directed at the tour, including oil poured on the pitch and a midnight stoning of the team's expensive hotel.

S i t i l i and Jaseph receive tap I i b i i rights w a r dUDF PRESIDENT Albertina Sisulu and UDF patron Helen Joseph were

I awarded the Rothko Chapel Award ^ for human rights by a United W I States group.

However the Department of Home Affairs has refused the women passports to attend the ceremony. The award, which is worth about

R12 500, is conferred on those "who have committed themselves in the struggle for truth and freedom."

Me*iciaes eeite ie deaecratic ellieeceMUSICIANS have united behind the democratic struggle in the newly

, formed S A Musicians Alliance.4

Alread/ top names such as Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Stimela, Coyote, Ebony, Johnny Clegg, CJB and Alec Khaatl have associated themselves with the new initiative.

The Musicians Alliance, which has come out in support of the UDF's "Christmas Against the Emergency" campaign, had planned a Save the Children concert

The concert was disrupted by the forces of darkness.

The Musicians Alliance intends to consult with political groups on arees of common interest. Such liason would cover the question of gigs on black holidays, the boycott of racist venues and making musicians more aware of the political situation of the dey.

The musician’s manifesto says the organisation aims to "provide a programme of action where music can contribute substantively to the recognition and unification of SA and its people."

Rasaliatf riMtfca. wife mf UDF Mtrwi Oscar. Is laltf ta rast. Har Iwsbmtf was MTMlssiaa La laava prisaa ta attaad Um fwMral.

■eaeved attack aa ■BF and affilia tesIN THE firs t week of December the state launched a fresh attack on UDF and the democratic movement

Hundreds of activists were served with restriction orders, while others were detained

At the same time indications were that there would be media clampdowns and mass detentions.

The UDF called on all supporters and their families to be on the defensive ageinst attack, and asked all freedom loving people to rally to the support of democratic organisations.

Among those served with a restriction order was UDF National Treasurer Azhar Cachalia

The restriction orders forbid those receiving them from celling for the lifting of the State of Emergency, the unbanning of the ANC, the release of political prisoners and detainees, the withdrawal of troops from the townships and several other democratic demands.

The restriction orders also attempt to prevent those receiving them from participating in the activities of the UDF and some of its affiliates.

f r » ptfa 4

C o b b unities stand behind rent boycottscommunity to take par: tn democratic decision making.

The government has tried many strategies to prevent our people from meeting to discuss their grievances and problems

Democratic street committees are able to withstand repression and communicate Infxmation quickly. And if community leaders are detained, street committees have developed many others to take their places.

^ i i im im i im > a i i im H iy x jL / A J . C . . d r C L lA L Bj r U L U b | , | | | | | | | | , | l , l | | l l l | | l l l im i l r

Three Years of United ActionThe UDF has achieved a great deal in its three year history- Here

we assess our achievements and analyse the current situation to point the way forward.

c

IntroductionThe United Democratic Front celebrated its th ird birthday on 20 August J986. It is a tribute to the people's fearless determined resistance that the UDF has not only survived the most severe state repression but has grown Into a powerful mass movement. They would have to gag a whole nation to crush the UDF today.The launch of the UDF on 20 August 1983 marked a dramatic leap forward in the national liberation struggle, v It brought over 500 grassroots

together in a broad front against^ organisations apartheid.When we launched the UDF our aims were:

* To campaign for the massive rejection of the tricameral parliament and black local authorities* To build unity among the oppressed people.* To set up organisations where none existed and build {ejnstjo^ organisations into more powerful weiapons in the struggle.

These goals have been carried out with a level of success few envisaged three years ago. The mass action since 1983 has completely wrecked the government's oians and has thrown the Nationalists into 8 crisis of enormous proportions.

AchievementsWhat have been the achievements of three years of united action?

• Defeating the "new deal”In its first year of existence the UDF and its

affiliates campaigned tirelessly against the black local authorities and tricameral elections. The result - 90 percent of eligible voters boycotted the black local authorities ejections. The following year 84 percent of eligible Indian and coloured voters boycotted the tricameral elections.

By refusing to participate in the apartheid elections, the.majority of our people indicated decisively that they rejected the ’ new deal", wereopposed to any form of government- imposecTEocims and would be satisfied with nothing less than majority rule.

* The collapse of bodies of minority rule

The government nevertheless pushed ahead with its attempts at fine-tuning apartheid and chose to ignore the wishes of the masses.

The seeds of the downfall of the black local authorities system were sown when the government gave these puppet bodies the power to increase rents. Councillors raised rents and service charges and did nothing to improve living conditions, despite their election promises

The uprising in the Vaal Triangle in September 1984 signalled the beginning of the end of the black local authorities throughout the country. By the end of 1985 few town councils remained intact.

The people have further intensified their campaign against the black loca1 authorties and the whole system of apartheid through rent boycotts.

* Fighting bantustan structures

UDF has become involved in the struggles of the rural people in the bantustans. In fact, the most phenomenal development of UDF, especially in the last year, h8S been in the rural areas. Progressive youth congress or village councils under the UDF have been set up in many of the villages*, especially in the Transvaal.

One of UDF's key calls has been for the dismantling of undemocratic tribal structures and the setting up of democratic village councils.

* Building organisationThe formation of the UDF spurred the

development of organisations in a way that had never been seen before. Numerous ad-hoc committees established to fight the new deel grew and transformed themselves into civic and other structures. National contact enabled organisations to share experiences and resources and to la/ the basis for national campaigns.

The UDF's Million Signature Campaign in 1984 spread the message of the UDF far and wide and helped encourage those who wanted to fight against apartheid to unite and form organisations The

- campaign also gave UDF activists the opportunity to discuss the political situation with hunfreds of thousand of ordinary people.- VIIVU'JUIIU Ui m UIIKJI y jjcupie.

W B B S & S E IE W SU r i/ A 1 B J r iA f lA L T \A # U D llllllllllliniUlllllliiihiiaHitdiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM iiiiii

" . I I IH I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IM II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I !

UDF expanded from the Initial th r * geographical regions to eight. On August 20 1983 our established regions were Natal, Transvaal and the Western Cape. Since then fully-fledged regions in the Eastern Cape, Border, West Coast, Northern Transvaal and Orange Free State have been launched, as well as several sub-regions.

. Increasing anti-apartheid activity attracted thousands of young people who were recruited into the newly established youth structures and became tireless cadres in UDF campaigns.

At the same time there has been a shift away" from mainly youth-led resistance to the Involvement of all sections of society. Increasingly the youth have worked along-side the workers, parents, residents and other sectors through civic structures and parent/teacher/student associations. Their common aim is to build maximum unity in the struggle against exploitation and oppression.

* Building national unity

The launch of UDF made possible large scale nationally co-ordinated opposition to apartheid In UDF's firs t year we initiated national day's of action and spearheaded national campaigns.

Since then the growing militancy of the people combined with heightened organisation and unity has dramatically increased the scope for national action. Creative strategies such as consumer boycotts spread regionally and then nationally in m id-1985. 1986 saw highly successful national stay aw ays on May 1 st and June 16th organised by Cosatu and UDF

Unity in action between the UDF and the trade union movement has been a major feature of the last two years. The November 1984 Transvaal stay-away brought together student, community and worker demands. The formation of Cosatu and the National Education Crisis Committee greatly enhanced the possibilities for nationally co-ordinated political and economic action so that this year on hey 1st, UDF affiliates around the country joined with Cosatu and declared it a national public holiday.

Nowhere has unity produced greater results than in the sphere of education struggle . 1984 and 1985 saw the growth of Cosas and the articulation of student demands on a national basis. The state responded brutally to the students demands culminating in the banning of Cosas, the UDF's largest affiliate. This resulted in the growing involvement by' teachers and parents and

the setting up of joint students, parents and ieecher committees In many parts.

UDF’s civic and student affiliates were the driving forces behind the attempts to bring the different sectors together. Two national conferences - in December and March were held to adopt a common national approach to resolving the crisis. This led to the formation of the NECC. As a result national demands were put to the DET and state.

Area-based structures have brought together youth, women's and civic organisation to ensure that our campaigns are effective throughout the country..

Lastly, the UDF has constantly strived to ensure that all sectors of the people's camp are united in their efforts to defeat the enemy. Today sectors such as taxi-drivers, shebeen owners, small businessmen even support UDF demands and campaigns.

* Weakening the unity of apartheid forces

Increasing resistance has sowed doubts in the minds of many white South Africans about the ability of the state to resolve the present crisis. More and more whites are beginning to ackowledge the inevitability of majority rule and the importancce of the ANC.

The highly successful UDF 'Call to whites” campaign formed 8n important part of our movement's attempt to show whites that there is a future beyond the Nationalist Party and beyond minority rule.

• From ungovernability to people’s power

In many areas, apartheid functionaries like bantustan chiefs and town councillors have resigned. In their place civic, youth and student congresses have formed organs of people's power to take oontrol of local administration.

In the rural areas tribal authorities are being replaced by democretically elected village councils while the collapse of the black local authorities has been accompanied by new forms of mass organisation such as street and area committees.

These structures have Involved entire communities in collective decision making and in this way unity has been built as never before Stay aw ays could be called overnight as a result of strong street, area and block committees. *The formation of such structures has also led

A

' i i i i f i i i i i i i i m i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i m i i i i i i i i m i M i i i i i i i i m i i m i i i i i i i m m i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1" ! *

iiin iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiik iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifiik .im iiiiiim iim iiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim m m m m m im iim m iiim iiiiifiiiiit

to undisciplined elements being brought under the control of the people and their organisations. It is only in this way that people hove been able to defend each other against vigilante attacks or evictions.

Consumer boycotts, rent boycotts and stay-awa/s have neccessitated the full participation of the people at a street level. This led to street committees being formed and enabled the people to wage these campaigns with thp minimum of coercion.

• International solidarity.

Apartheid repression and the state's intransigence mobilised unprecedented international support against apartheid.-^ h e British Consulate sit-In by six Natal UDF w s seeking refuge from detention made a

contibution to the international campaign to isolate the apartheid regime, making it more difficult for Margaret Thatcher and other friends of the government to openly assist PW Botha.

When the people of South Africa opposed the New Zealand Rugby Tour, UDF office-bearer, the Rev Arnold Stofile visited New Zealand to voice their protests, contributing to the tour cancellation.

The state's responseWhen the detentions of our leaders and harassment of activists failed to stop the march forward repression sw iftly escalated. The formation of anonymous dttkh squads, vigilante attacks and

( arampts to crim inalise the activities of the Front have been features of the last 18 months.

As repression has increased, our people responded by forming self-defence committees and embarking on campaigns to isolate theapartheid forces in the communities.

One of the lessons of the conflict betweenvigilantes and our people in Crossroads is that we need to constantly be aware of the necessity to build maximum unity among all sections of the oppressed people

More serious is the conflict Inkatha has orchestrated against the UDF.

The st8te has also used the strategy of putting our leaders on tria l in order to remove them f om action and weaken the democratic :: vement. We need to ensure that we are •astantly building new layers of leadership

repiac8 those oeiainea, tailed or killed.

w ere to :* Eliminate the democratic movement.* Close off a ll legal space for mass mobilisation and organisation.* Smash the township and rural uprisings in order to regain control and prevent the advance of people's power.* Intensify attacks on the Frontline States with the aim of m ilita rily defeating the ANC.* .Re-unite the ru ling group.

State has little success in aims

Despite detaining thousands of people, occupying the townships and villages, crippling the media and generally launching 8 full-scale offensive against the people, the state has had little success in achieving its objectives.

* The democratic movement has not been crushed. While widespread detentions 7

over 70* of which ate of members of UDF affiliates - have hit some areas hard, many activists foresaw the emergency and took the necessary precautions. They have been able to avoid detention and remain active, even if covertly.

While.the army, police and vigilantes conJLifiue terrorising local populations they have not gone lifWbaUenged. increasingly, the people are fighting back.

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June 12: A national emergency is imposedJust prior to the declaration of the emergency the continued existence of the apartheid regime was being threatened on a number of fronts.

All attempts to implement piecemeal solutions such as the partial st8te of emergency, the scrapping of the pass laws and the introduction of the national statutory councils had failed to crush the uprising or win mass support These measures merely deepened opposition and further isolated the regime.

The declaration of the national emergency on June 12th was thus a major attempt by the state to take the initiative from the progressive movement and to create completely new conditions to retain white minority rule.

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In the bantustans the state structures continue to crumble. The defeet of the government plans for KwaNdebele was a major victory for the people.

It is true that the stringent curbs on the press, bannings of meetings and other harsh emergency regulations have made It difficult to mobilise and organise on the legal terrain. Yet our people's capacity for united action has not been broken.

* The emergency has not undermined the growing unity between trade unions and the rest of the democratic movement- a unity which the state finds very threatening. Secret government plans recently exposed in the press indicate that the regime is attempting to create divisions between the trade unions and the UDF. It has not suceeded. The 16 June stayaway was a massive success. Since then Cosatu, UDF and other democratic forces have joined together in a Campaign for National United Action.

* The information black-out has not resulted in an acceptance by the m ajority of the people of the misinformation fed to us by the Bureau of Information.

It is in only, in the white communities that the media-black out has to some extent enabled the state to pull the wool over people's eyes.

* The regime has failed to prevent the growth of people's power. Despite the bans on meetings, people have devised ways to meet - right under the noses of the troops and casspirs. Street committees were set up after 12 June for the first time In many places, like Soweto. The rent boycotts have not been crushed, in fact the/ have spread.

School students successfully used a variety of tactics tc resist attempts to break the development of people's power in the schools. Some students have refused to register whiie others have registered and then burnt their ID cards, or embarked on limited b̂oycotts or occupied the schools while using thecrassrooffls to teach people's education.

* The state hoped to crush the ANC and defeat the armed struggle. If anything the opposite has occurred.Political scientists sey the armed struggle has intensified and the ANC's plan to move from armed propaganda to people's war has become agrowing reelity with increasing incidents of armed -conflict between the people and the

1/KM3 S Z aS F /fB X S H 7 & E X DPW Botha is attempting to reverse the tide of history, to prevent the old order from dying and a new South Africa from being born. As with the defeat of fascism in Europe, it is only the maximum fighting unity of all democratic forces which will prevent the forces of reaction from destroying everything in their desperate attempts to cling to power.

It it a time where we must defend our organisations and our gains against fierce state repression. But it is also a time where we must continue to take the struggle forward to achieve our liberation.

To defend our gains and take forward our fight for freedom we need tc deepen organisations where they already exist, establish organisations where they do not and build greater unity between all forcer opposed to apartheid minority rule

Our organisation?, are our shields and our spears. They stand as a shield between the regime and our people. W ithout our organisations we are defenceless Our organisations are also our speors to take forward our struggles against apartheid.

Let us ensure that in every factory, school, village and street throughout the country there are democratic committees elected by and accountable to the people.

These committees will make our trade unions, student/parent/ teacher associations .youth, women and civic organisations solid and powerful. And when these organisations act together at the local, regional and national levels through national organisations such as the UDF Cosatu and the NECC, we will be building a mighty and unbreakable national movement.

The apartheid regime governs by divide and rule. All democratic forces must close ranks to prevent the government from creating any divisions among the people.

We must also be wary of those attempting to impose solutions above the heads of the people, those who hope to persuade leaders of the demxratic movement to make deals without the mandate of the people and without meeting the -Immediate demands of the people.

We have repeatedly stated that no solution to the conflict in South Africa is possible without the meeting of certain conditions, and without the Involvement of the people and their organisations.

Let us forge a national unity of all democratic forces struggling against apartheid and committed to the creation

security forces not only on the borders but in the townships

of a non-racial and democratic South Africa.

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UNITY PLEDGE(To be reod in all Church seruices, ceremonies and in our homes)

CAMPAIGN FOR NATIONAL UNITED ACTION

Christmas against the EmergencyThis Christmas we, the freedam laviag people a f Saath

Africa, pledge aarselves ta aaite ia actiaa agaiast apartheidand the Emergeacg.

■ e rem en h er thase at haiae aad these awag this Christmas. Be w ill aet target aar frieads aad relatiaes ia ja il, aa r fightiag heraes aad aar m artgrs. Let as ga farward in an ity , aad w ith caarage aad resalatiaa.

We fa r th e r recagaise that there are aalg tw a sides ia South t f r ic a - those fightiag fa r dewacracg aad thase supporting apartheid. I t is ahsalatelg cracial that all sectiaas a f our society apposed ta apartheid take a definite staad ta bring aa end to m inority domination ia aar caantrg. This includes parents, the gaath, markers, prafessianals, the unemployed, traders and spartspeaple. i l l the appressed peaple and w hite demacrats demand the right ta participatedirectly in the shaping a f aar awn fa ta re .

WE FURTHER D m ARE OUR REFUSAL TO TOLERATE A QOYE R NMlNT_WHICH WHILE CL INGING TO POWER HAS:

* Wrecked the country's economy and caused massive unemployment and increased the hardship a ll round.* Completely disrupted and destroyed the fu ture ot thousands ot young South Africans through the ir purs u it of Verwoedian education policies.* Detained thousands of SouTffn+ricans from a ll walks of life .* Behind the cover of "law and order" brutalised our people through ind iscrim inate k illin g s as in Langa, White C ity and jus t recently Orlando West.* Sent its arm y into our townships.* Uprooted m illions of South Africans through forced removals.

And because we are South Africans committed to a free, non-racia l, democratic and peaceful South A frica , we wish to contribute towards th is future by pub lica lly declar ing our .support for the Campaign fo r National United Action.

■MB PLEB8E SBRSELBES TB CBMPBI6N EBB:1) Ba end ta the State a f Emergeacg2) The release a f Nelsaa Maadela aad all ather palitical

prisaaers3) The aahaaning a f the BNC aad all a ther haaaed

argaaisatiaas4) The re-apeniag a f schaals, the repeal a f the dracaaiaa

caatrals impased aa stadeats aad the estahlishmeat a f peaples edacatiaa

5) Ba end ta rea t eaictiaas6) Ereedam a f eapressiaa aad assaciatiaa7) B lia iag wage fa r warkers, aad aa end ta retreachments,

jabs fa r a ll, adegaate sacial secaritg aad the right ta strike.

Collection Number: AK2117 DELMAS TREASON TRIAL 1985 - 1989 PUBLISHER: Publisher:-Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:-Johannesburg ©2012

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