declaration of independence bell starter activity textbook pages 60-63 3 per group bell...
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Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
Bell Starter Activity Textbook Pages 60-63 3 per group
Bell Starter Activity Textbook Pages 60-63 3 per group
The ConstitutionThe Constitution
The Nation’s First Government
The Road to the Constitution The Structure of Our
Constitution Principles Underlying the
Constitution
The Nation’s First Government
The Road to the Constitution The Structure of Our
Constitution Principles Underlying the
Constitution
The Nation’s First
Governments
The Nation’s First
Governments•Before the Declaration of Independence was signed•Second Constitutional Congress urged colonists to form state governments•1776 New Hampshire became the first colony to organize as a state•Within years every colony had a new constitution
•Before the Declaration of Independence was signed•Second Constitutional Congress urged colonists to form state governments•1776 New Hampshire became the first colony to organize as a state•Within years every colony had a new constitution
From Colonies to StatesFrom Colonies to States Similar systems of government Legislatures: make laws
Bicameral legislatures Each state had a governor
Elected by the legislature/citizens Job carry out the laws
Each state had judges and courts Decided what laws meant and how they
applied to new situations New state governments were based upon
Declaration, Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights
Similar systems of government Legislatures: make laws
Bicameral legislatures Each state had a governor
Elected by the legislature/citizens Job carry out the laws
Each state had judges and courts Decided what laws meant and how they
applied to new situations New state governments were based upon
Declaration, Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights
Massachusetts ConstitutionMassachusetts Constitution
1780 last constitution Three notable ways
Distributed power among the legislature, the governor’s office and the courts
The governor and the courts were given the authority to check the legislative
It was created through a special convention of delegates elected for that purpose
Model a framework government American’s Constitution
1780 last constitution Three notable ways
Distributed power among the legislature, the governor’s office and the courts
The governor and the courts were given the authority to check the legislative
It was created through a special convention of delegates elected for that purpose
Model a framework government American’s Constitution
Confederation Government
Confederation Government
Articles of Confederation Our first constitution Went into effect 1781
Unicameral legislature One-house
Every state had one vote Control over army Authority to deal with foreign nations
Positive outcomes of Government Ordinance of 1785:
Survey System Northwest Ordinance of 1787:
Statehood for territories in west
Articles of Confederation Our first constitution Went into effect 1781
Unicameral legislature One-house
Every state had one vote Control over army Authority to deal with foreign nations
Positive outcomes of Government Ordinance of 1785:
Survey System Northwest Ordinance of 1787:
Statehood for territories in west
Weakness of the ArticlesWeakness of the Articles
Could not enforce laws Could not tax Could not regulate trade No executive to direct policy No courts Congress couldn’t pass laws
without 9/13 votes Congress couldn’t change
without all 13 states
Could not enforce laws Could not tax Could not regulate trade No executive to direct policy No courts Congress couldn’t pass laws
without 9/13 votes Congress couldn’t change
without all 13 states
Weaknesses led to Shay’s RebellionWeaknesses led to Shay’s Rebellion
State governments had fallen deep in debt
Farmer taxed to lose land Revolted Government couldn’t protect
their citizens safety Rebellion caused people to
realize Articles of Confederation were not working for the colonist.
State governments had fallen deep in debt
Farmer taxed to lose land Revolted Government couldn’t protect
their citizens safety Rebellion caused people to
realize Articles of Confederation were not working for the colonist.
Shays’s RebellionShays’s Rebellion
During 1786 and 1787During 1786 and 1787 Daniel ShayDaniel Shay
Road to the ConstitutionRoad to the Constitution
• After 10 years Articles of Confederation not working
• Each state sent delegates meet in Philadelphia in 1787 to rework the Articles of Confederation
• This meeting is known as Constitutional Convention
• Rhode Island didn’t take part they oppose a stronger central government
• After 10 years Articles of Confederation not working
• Each state sent delegates meet in Philadelphia in 1787 to rework the Articles of Confederation
• This meeting is known as Constitutional Convention
• Rhode Island didn’t take part they oppose a stronger central government
The Work BeginsThe Work Begins
May 25, 1787 Philadelphia’s Independence Hall
55 delegates Well-educated
Lawyers, merchants, generals, planters, governors, physicians
Not there: Jefferson, Adams & Henry George Washington and James
Madison became presidents Ages:
Oldest Franklin: 81 Others relatively younger (30-40)
May 25, 1787 Philadelphia’s Independence Hall
55 delegates Well-educated
Lawyers, merchants, generals, planters, governors, physicians
Not there: Jefferson, Adams & Henry George Washington and James
Madison became presidents Ages:
Oldest Franklin: 81 Others relatively younger (30-40)
Early Key Decisions:Early Key Decisions:
George Washington to preside Meeting could not be held
without certain number of states present
Agree each state one vote Simple majority decide issues 7
votes would decide any issue Keep work a secret James Madison keep notebook Articles was to weak and the
creating of new plan of government was needed
George Washington to preside Meeting could not be held
without certain number of states present
Agree each state one vote Simple majority decide issues 7
votes would decide any issue Keep work a secret James Madison keep notebook Articles was to weak and the
creating of new plan of government was needed
Creating the ConstitutionCreating the ConstitutionNot an easy job, but some of the most significant minds at
work here to compromise and create our government
Not an easy job, but some of the most significant minds at
work here to compromise and create our government
Two Plans for Government
Two Plans for Government Virginia Plan
Large state plan Massachusetts Pennsylvania New York Virginia
Introduced by Madison
Similar to our government today 3 branches
Executive Judicial Legislative:
based on population in both houses
Virginia Plan Large state plan
Massachusetts Pennsylvania New York Virginia
Introduced by Madison
Similar to our government today 3 branches
Executive Judicial Legislative:
based on population in both houses
New Jersey Plan Small state plan
Delaware New Jersey Maryland
Introduced by William Patterson
Government similar to Articles of Confederation One house Congress State equal
representation and votes
Congress could set taxes and regulate trade
Power no in the Articles of Confederation
New Jersey Plan Small state plan
Delaware New Jersey Maryland
Introduced by William Patterson
Government similar to Articles of Confederation One house Congress State equal
representation and votes
Congress could set taxes and regulate trade
Power no in the Articles of Confederation
Compromise for Representation in
Congress
Compromise for Representation in
Congress Connecticut Compromise/Great
Compromise Introduced by Roger Sherman
Two house legislature House of Representatives: based on
population Senate: based on equality
A compromise is a way of resolving disagreement in which both sides gives up something but gains something
Connecticut Compromise/Great Compromise
Introduced by Roger Sherman Two house legislature
House of Representatives: based on population
Senate: based on equality
A compromise is a way of resolving disagreement in which both sides gives up something but gains something
THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISESTHREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISES
North and South South
Greater than 550,000 enslavesCount enslaves for voting power in
House of Representatives
NorthOpposed the ideaEnslaves could not vote or participate in
governmentEnslaves should not be use as a voice in
Congress
North and South South
Greater than 550,000 enslavesCount enslaves for voting power in
House of Representatives
NorthOpposed the ideaEnslaves could not vote or participate in
governmentEnslaves should not be use as a voice in
Congress
THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISES THREE-FIFTHS
COMPROMISES Results:
Delegates agreed that every 5 persons would count as 3 free person.
3/5 of slave population in each state would determine representation in Congress
Results: Delegates agreed that
every 5 persons would count as 3 free person.
3/5 of slave population in each state would determine representation in Congress
Presidential Election Compromise
Presidential Election Compromise
For President
Electoral college
Still used today
For President
Electoral college
Still used today
Balancing View Points
Balancing View Points
The First Political Parties:Federalist &
Anti-Federalist
The First Political Parties:Federalist &
Anti-Federalist
FederalistFederalist For Constitution For strong central government Federalism -
(Federal System) share power between state & national governments
Federalist Papers—essays defending the Constitution John Jay Alexander Hamilton James Madison
For Constitution For strong central government Federalism -
(Federal System) share power between state & national governments
Federalist Papers—essays defending the Constitution John Jay Alexander Hamilton James Madison
Anti-Federalist
Anti-Federalist Against constitution
Failed to protect individual rights and state rights: Freedom of speech and religion
Against strong central government For state government power Refused to sign until addition of Bill
of Rights
Against constitution Failed to protect individual rights
and state rights: Freedom of speech and religion
Against strong central government For state government power Refused to sign until addition of Bill
of Rights
Dates to Remember
Dates to Remember September 17, 1787:
ready and signed by delegates
June 21, 1788: New Hampshire, ninth state to ratify and constitution became law
1791: added Bill of Rights
September 17, 1787: ready and signed by delegates
June 21, 1788: New Hampshire, ninth state to ratify and constitution became law
1791: added Bill of Rights
The ConstitutionThe Constitution
is the Supreme Law of the land
is the Supreme Law of the land
The ConstitutionThe Constitution
Framework of United States government: blueprints
Highest authority in the land
A symbol of our basic beliefs & ideas Liberty and freedom
Framework of United States government: blueprints
Highest authority in the land
A symbol of our basic beliefs & ideas Liberty and freedom
Sections of the Constitution Sections of the Constitution
Divided into 3 main parts Preamble: introduction Articles: body (7) Amendments: changes
(27)
Divided into 3 main parts Preamble: introduction Articles: body (7) Amendments: changes
(27)
PreamblePreamble
Introduction to Constitution States purposes of the
constitution and government 1. To form a more perfect union 2. Establish justice 3. Insure domestic tranquility 4. Provide for common defense 5. Promote the general welfare 6. Secure the blessing of liberty
to ourselves and posterity
Introduction to Constitution States purposes of the
constitution and government 1. To form a more perfect union 2. Establish justice 3. Insure domestic tranquility 4. Provide for common defense 5. Promote the general welfare 6. Secure the blessing of liberty
to ourselves and posterity
Refer to page 80 for additional help
Refer to page 80 for additional help
Preamble AssignmentPreamble Assignment
Each row will receive a goal and create a hand signal to visually represent the goal.
For example: Introduction: what can we
use? wave
Each row will receive a goal and create a hand signal to visually represent the goal.
For example: Introduction: what can we
use? wave
The ArticlesThe Articles
Body (7) Describes in detail the
nuts & bolts of the government in USA.
Each article deals with different subject or part of government:
Body (7) Describes in detail the
nuts & bolts of the government in USA.
Each article deals with different subject or part of government:
The Articles of the Constitution:
The Articles of the Constitution:
Article 1: Legislative body Bicameral house
Senate and the House of Representative Makes laws
Article 2: Executive bodyPresident & his administration
Enforce laws
Article 3: Judicial body U.S. Supreme Court only court created by
constitution Interprets the laws
Article 1: Legislative body Bicameral house
Senate and the House of Representative Makes laws
Article 2: Executive bodyPresident & his administration
Enforce laws
Article 3: Judicial body U.S. Supreme Court only court created by
constitution Interprets the laws
The Articles ContinuedThe Articles Continued
Article 4: Federalism or relation between the states to one another and national government Rights and protection
Article 5: Amendment procedure Two step or tiered action:
Proposal: federal or national levelRatification: state level approve
Article 4: Federalism or relation between the states to one another and national government Rights and protection
Article 5: Amendment procedure Two step or tiered action:
Proposal: federal or national levelRatification: state level approve
The Articles ContinuedThe Articles Continued
Article 6: Supremacy clause Federal government supreme law of the
land Article 7: Ratification of Constitution
9 state ratification conventions must vote for the Constitution to become law
SEPTEMBER 17TH, 1787 SIGNED BY DELEGATES AT CONVENTION
Article 6: Supremacy clause Federal government supreme law of the
land Article 7: Ratification of Constitution
9 state ratification conventions must vote for the Constitution to become law
SEPTEMBER 17TH, 1787 SIGNED BY DELEGATES AT CONVENTION
Amending the Constitution
Amending the Constitution
Amendment Process Outlined in Article V
Two step process: proposal and ratification Proposal 2 methods:
1st- is congressional action- a vote of 2/3 of members of both houses is required
2nd- by national convention requested by 2/3 of state legislatures
Ratification – ¾ of states must ratify 1st- by a vote of either the state legislature or 2nd- special state convention
23rd Amendment only one been change by state convention
Amendment Process Outlined in Article V
Two step process: proposal and ratification Proposal 2 methods:
1st- is congressional action- a vote of 2/3 of members of both houses is required
2nd- by national convention requested by 2/3 of state legislatures
Ratification – ¾ of states must ratify 1st- by a vote of either the state legislature or 2nd- special state convention
23rd Amendment only one been change by state convention
Interpreting the Constitution
Interpreting the Constitution
Necessary and Proper Clause Article I – give power
to Congress “to make laws”
Allows Congress to exercise powers not listed in the Constitution `– implied powers
Licensing TV stations to regulating air pollution
Necessary and Proper Clause Article I – give power
to Congress “to make laws”
Allows Congress to exercise powers not listed in the Constitution `– implied powers
Licensing TV stations to regulating air pollution
Supreme Court – final authority
Constitution allows the House of Representatives To impeach or accuse
federal officials
Senate Determines guilt or
innocence
25th Amendment ratified 1967 President die/vice become
president
Supreme Court – final authority
Constitution allows the House of Representatives To impeach or accuse
federal officials
Senate Determines guilt or
innocence
25th Amendment ratified 1967 President die/vice become
president
Principles Underlying the
Constitution
Principles Underlying the
Constitution
There are five (5) fundamental principles or themes throughout
the Constitution created in 1787.
There are five (5) fundamental principles or themes throughout
the Constitution created in 1787.
Those Foundation Principles
Those Foundation Principles
Popular Sovereignty Rule of Law Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Federalism
Popular Sovereignty Rule of Law Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Federalism
Articles IV (Constitution)Articles IV (Constitution)
Constitution requires only that the states have a “Republican form of Government” Republic means
Today: any representative government headed by an elected president or similar
Past: any representative democracy where the people are the ultimate authority
Constitution requires only that the states have a “Republican form of Government” Republic means
Today: any representative government headed by an elected president or similar
Past: any representative democracy where the people are the ultimate authority
Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
• Power of government lies with the people through voting • Right to rule (sovereignty)
• Declaration of Independence: • says government should draw their power
• Consent of the governed
• Same as Constitution says– “we the people” (consent of the governed)
– Election of government officials by the people: • 15, 19, 23 and 26 amendment grants power to
vote
• Power of government lies with the people through voting • Right to rule (sovereignty)
• Declaration of Independence: • says government should draw their power
• Consent of the governed
• Same as Constitution says– “we the people” (consent of the governed)
– Election of government officials by the people: • 15, 19, 23 and 26 amendment grants power to
vote
Rule of LawRule of Law
Government needs to be strong but not too strong as to take rights away from the people Power is limited by the constitution
Powers granted to government Article 1 Section 8 1-17
Limited powers to government Article 1 Section 9Bill of rights: limits power
Law applies to everyone: nobody is above the law
Government needs to be strong but not too strong as to take rights away from the people Power is limited by the constitution
Powers granted to government Article 1 Section 8 1-17
Limited powers to government Article 1 Section 9Bill of rights: limits power
Law applies to everyone: nobody is above the law
Limited GovernmentLimited Government
British ideal established unlimited government like: Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights
Under the Constitution: Government can do only what the people allow
it to do by law How can you stop the government from doing
what you don’t want it to do? Health Care: how did the people stop this
movement?
British ideal established unlimited government like: Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights
Under the Constitution: Government can do only what the people allow
it to do by law How can you stop the government from doing
what you don’t want it to do? Health Care: how did the people stop this
movement?
Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
Ideal created by Enlightenment Philosopher: Montesquieu
Protect against abuse of power by any branch by dividing power between the 3 branches of government and giving each a specific power Legislative branch: law making Executive branch: enforcing law Judicial branch: interpreting the law
Ideal created by Enlightenment Philosopher: Montesquieu
Protect against abuse of power by any branch by dividing power between the 3 branches of government and giving each a specific power Legislative branch: law making Executive branch: enforcing law Judicial branch: interpreting the law
Checks & BalancesChecks & Balances
In order to prevent anyone branch from becoming too powerful the framers created a way for each branch to check the other branches power Chart page 88
_____________ impeaches the President
_____________ vetoes legislation created by Congress
_____________ appoints the Judges & federal Justices at the federal level
_____________ declares acts/laws unconstitutional
In order to prevent anyone branch from becoming too powerful the framers created a way for each branch to check the other branches power Chart page 88
_____________ impeaches the President
_____________ vetoes legislation created by Congress
_____________ appoints the Judges & federal Justices at the federal level
_____________ declares acts/laws unconstitutional
The Principle of Federalism
The Principle of Federalism
Limits our government by dividing the power between the state and federal (national) government
It grants each level specific powers (chart page 89)
Expressed/enumerated: federal/national powers (war) Reserved: states powers (schools) Concurrent: both state and national have the power (taxes)
But the federal government is supreme because of supremacy clause found in the constitution in Article 6 “supreme law of the land”
Limits our government by dividing the power between the state and federal (national) government
It grants each level specific powers (chart page 89)
Expressed/enumerated: federal/national powers (war) Reserved: states powers (schools) Concurrent: both state and national have the power (taxes)
But the federal government is supreme because of supremacy clause found in the constitution in Article 6 “supreme law of the land”
The Constitution TodayThe Constitution Today
United States Federal government system rely on it.
Serve as the “Supreme Law of the Land” more than 200 years
5 principles: Popular sovereignty, the rule of law, separation of
powers, checks and balances, federalism
Defend our country’s freedom and to keep order Stands as a powerful symbol of American values
and a source of pride and unity.
United States Federal government system rely on it.
Serve as the “Supreme Law of the Land” more than 200 years
5 principles: Popular sovereignty, the rule of law, separation of
powers, checks and balances, federalism
Defend our country’s freedom and to keep order Stands as a powerful symbol of American values
and a source of pride and unity.
CHAPTER 3 TEST WILL BE TOMORROW CHAPTER 3 TEST WILL BE TOMORROW
Chapter 3 Study Guide due tomorrowChapter 3 Study Guide due tomorrow