declassified under authority of the interagency …
TRANSCRIPT
DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL E013526 SECTION 53(b)(3)
ISCAP APPEAL NO 2009-068 document no 241 DECLASSIFICATION DATE May 142015
February 1966 bull
Number 2
EDITORmiddotINmiddotCHIH --- --- ll Col Roy L fhhtr
MANAGING ElgtITORbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull John W Rvo ll
ASSOCIATE EDITORbullbullbull - --- ----- A Podtrnok
ART EDITOR Robergt L BurlbullIJh
SENIOR IllUSTRATOR SP6 Claude hlon
SENIOR EDITORS Norman H Dbull CIUbull Ftoncts A Dohn
Ho(non M ~ ~orrh
Philip middotMcDonnell
~DITOAIAl ASSISTANTS Eolo t ltjln UrJda G Mfdoine
RESEARCH FOR TillS ISSUE
Dold G Roblnoon Moj lJSAF IDJAS1-2A middot1
Joh~ R Ciarlo J Moi USA (DIAAP-1 C3l
hbbullrl E Mllllous Lt Cltgtl USA IDIAAP-1Cll -------------shy
Tho A Corbolt IOmiddotIAAP-lCll------middot 10
JMh E Brown IDIMP-lCll--- 13
Roynbullond Poliolt~ M0 j USAF IPIAM-1 C41 16 Jomu G JUattot~ (01AAP-J C4)______ - ~- 20
Donald l Sltlor IDIAAP-H2t 23 fddiu B Andtlt~Ofl U) middot IAAP-lCll-- ~ middotmiddot middot ~ middotmiddot 28
Rolph OoMoHo L1 ((gl USNR I()IAAP-1 CJI - --- -- bull bullbull l7
Phi ll ip H Zull i CDIAAP-~CIL ~ ~_~ -middot--- J4 Tho1ot P Gormcn Copt USA
101 AAP-IC2 1 bullbull _ 35
Robart l Zuulthfllttidt tTDEPAt_ ~-~ ~---~ 18 SQmu l l W CrowfQtd ICJAAP-1R3 J____ ___ l9
2
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to the appeal 8
middot I middot
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to the appeal
FOREWORD MISSION The mission of 1he 1T1omhl~ DdmY lnuligma Digtsl is to provide aU compcments of the Department of Defense and other United State~ agcnciiS with timely intelligen(ltmiddot (J[ wide professLollal inshyterest on significant Ut~vclopmeuts and tn~ncls in the military apabili shyties and vulnerabilities uf foreign nations E111phasis is placed prishy
ril v on nations and force~ wiLitin crnmunist World
THE COVER OMM1N1ST photograph of Viet GongC(VC) lying in walt is indicG~tive of
the type of warfare waged by the VC During the5-month summer monsoon of 1965 the V C n-ulce some significanf territorial gamiddotins and inflicted heavy casqa1ties on the forces of the Repuhli~ of Vietnam Apparently the VC gave top priority to the central ltH1d southern highlands and to the area north and northelt1st of Saigon But the VC Jailed to achieve their main objec-
WARNJNG This pi_blicatiQn is c~~-shysified secret because it rdlcciS intellishygence colleftion efforts of the United Stares and contains inforrnatiot1 afshyfecting the national defense of the
middot Unikd States ~i thir1 the meaning of the Espionage Laws Title 18 U SC Section 793 and Section 794 Its crat1smission or che revelation of it~ contents in anv manner to an unshyauthorized person is prohibired by law_ Although chc publtcation is marked No Fonigp 0is~emin(ltlon cenain articks an~ releasable to
tivu-----expansion consolidation and tfnkup of th~ Viet 90ng-ccintrolled base middotmeas During this wet season rttultibartaj on-size attlcks wer~ launched against isolated South Vietshynamese srrongpoints and a number of provincial and distriltt towns In ad shydition lines of comrnuriicaripn Were subje-cted to ambush taeti~-s aJd t1UITICpound0U~ hlttras~ing a~tlCks we(e-middotc-ar shytied out ag~inst liettletCitts For adshydjtional information see Vilt CQng ActiOlis io Summer 1965 Ai~d at Major Victories page 4 middot ~
foreign govemm~nts ho~v~ver _s~ch rclcagc is conttolkd bv the DefCOsc Intelligence Agency
JOSEPI--~ F CARROLL l t Oeneril USAF Director
10 13 16
20 23
February 1966
bull USSR ~OSMONAUT ~INING BRIEF SURVEY OF [fROGRAM
nMONAUT traitng in the SovietCUnion apparently is flexible and capable or systematic expansion Soviec succe-sses in their manned space program attest to the adequacy of cosmonaut rraining but available evidence ruggests that they still lag in some aspects notably vestibular training
A his Soviet trllining eviden~y btgins -tth the selecttoo of ~nd-ldates by
two medical bo4rds which probably examir~e some 400 to 600 pilots for each umiddotaining group The pilots--middotas a result of numeJOllS physical and mental examil1atious~finaJly an reshyduced to a trai-ning groor of 20 ta 30 candidates Ofthis number probably only one-half arc gtlduated by th-e cosmonaut training achool
The length of t~mc spent in the selection and training of Soviet cosmiddot mona uts is not known but estimates ind icte tlta t tltis period may varmiddoty from 17 months to o years Cosmomiddot naut Aleksey Leon ov a a Moscow press conference on 26 March 1965 outlinttl his exlri1 ycatmiddot ltgtf training between April 1964 and March 1965 and lltated 1 would like to add that this training was preceded by my 5-year trainil1g in the cosmonaut u-ailJing center The complere cosshymonaut iraining program probably is d imiddotidcd in to tJtrcc phase~ the main tratnmg program training for a specific mission and training at the letunch base
OnJ 1middot a icw cosmonauts arc trained a specific nUssion In the Jlrst
February 1966
phase not less than folr cosmonauts were at the launching base at mission time Thcre1 the pretliglat course inmiddot volved a 2--eek stuqy of the spaceship eabin on the launching pad Cosmoshynauts who are to Ay the mission and theiimiddot alternates are sdected from the g~oup in training at the CDsmodrome by a spccial comnU~s-ion
Special mis~ions There is ltvidence that candidates
are chmiddotosen and speci~l ty tlftili~d for specific assignmentS Recc-lt press re leases describe a lengthy and special training program that Cosmoru~ut Le0nov foltoved in pr~paration formiddot his extravehicular emergence- and sub~equent middotactivity as a c11ew menibet of Voskhod l Apparently the selecmiddotmiddot tion ofcosmonau~sfqr- ~peci6= a~ghl is made long before the altrtual pventmiddot and all training is dire~ed toward its accomplishmcnc and farriiliarization v-ith the overall program The proshygram for Leonovs mission (including his walk u1 space) for example consisrcd of extensive training both on the ground and in an aitborne situUshylatormiddot The ground training was acshycompHshed in therma~ ~ltitude npd isolation chambers Jhis apparently was to familiarize the cosmonaut with rhe problems involved in performing his duties in a pressurized space suit and co expose him to temperatures that could be anticipcted during exshytravehicular crctivity In-flight trainshying was conducted tomiddot an airbortie simulator and cansisred in establishing
the proper procedure (or exit and tmiddote-entry into thc aidock of the orbitin$ Voskhod II under weightless conde rions Tbis latter procedULe was reshyp(tiid until it became an automatic acqon Soviet scientists appefll ~ashyflalili ofa11gmrncing tile more gtner-al
Seeret 13
l 4
(sitfing I tor) Dr B Y egorov llt Feoktirto V t-tikoloybullvo-Tlaquorashkova end V lltomarov [UJ
pro~rarJ1 0f traitiing to meet the needs or ~pcci fic flights furthermore the current Sovie t lraining program can possibly pmvide a basis for predicting ru turc d evelo pments in the program
Trai n ing also takes place in the labora tories and plants where the boos te rs and spaceshi ps arc m ade CJsrnonaut t rainees nor only watch t he assembly procedures but also parshyt icipa te in the testing of systems in opcra tion They often work with the $Cicntist~ de-igncrs and engineers irl perfecting individual ur1its and mcchshya ni~ms in descr ibing Cosmonaut C S Tiwvs tr ainin on e a uthor s t Hcd th il t while Ti tov was in t he boos t( r plum he visi ted a ll tht shl ps
Aues tio rwJ 1he des igners and -touched C Cr y sclew on the ro cket
February 1966
Potenrial cosrnonauts may begin trsirtiAg -at amiddotn early age The Leni11grad Club ef Young Astronauts was organized in 1961 Of the 300 original members-ages 15 to 17shyonly I 0 completed _ the first 2-year oourse which included flying in j~t fllanes eraioirtg in pressure and 1solashytiou chambers parachute j11mping and study-ing radio aStronomy space middotmedicine and astronauti~s
Jn late 1964middot two-thirds oi che Soviet cosmonauts probably had -received
middot preliminary flight training io ~he Voluntary Society for Cooperation with the Army Air force and Navy (D OSAAF) the major organization responsible for premilitary and parashymili tary tTaining for all branches of the So viet Armed Forces
In middot addition to such ttaining opshypor-tunities Schools for Junior CosshymoQauts teportlily have been estabmiddot lished at existing air force schools widtin the Soviet Uruon and adshyvanced training in cosmonautics may he obtained at a nuinber of scientific institutes primarily in Moscow and Leningrad
Training facilities Four cpsmonaut training facilities
have been identified in the Mospoundow area
bull The main Soviet euroOsmonaut trainshying center is in a secured area middotat 1 Monine ahlout 20 miles east of Mescow The area is the base for tle prdiminary training of the cos- monau~ Equipment at this ttaiQing base probably includes physical conshyditioning devices such as the rotating meet and trampoline T middotne center allo may have a ce ntrifuge at least one altitude chamber an isolation chamber and equipment for vestibushylar training as well middotas flight simulators
bull A second trltJiiling f4cility has been identillw at Chikalovskay~ ($hch((lshykoVQ) Airlield Cosmonau~ maintain thejr llying skiJls there and undergo weithtiess-conditioo trair)ing in speshycialtUy equippqd aircraft
bull A third cosmonaut training (aciity has been identified at Tomilino oil themiddot southeastern outskirts of Mnscow There cosmonauts undergo training using full-pressure spacesuits in a centrifuge Tomilino also has enshygaged in research and developme nt of spacesuits and equipment used for ejection of cosmenautsin re-entry
bull l11e fourth facility is the Zhushykovskiy Ail Engineering Academy MCgtsco~ where cosmolauts undergo theoretkal trainingmiddotin roclceL engineershying astrorwmy and physies Afte r their flights i~to space cosmonauts Gagarin Titov Popovich Bykovskiy and Tereshkg~a proba bly tQltkspecial courses at this academy on new eq uipmiddot mcnt ant prQCcssed sdcfutifi~ data obt~in~d by Soviet cosmonauts Coumiddotrso work was acco~panied by intensive physical training
Space -achievements by the Soviet Union thus far indicate the exiltence of an cx1ensive and intensive but somewhat incomplete training pro gram tha t is capable of cxpandihg to meet the needs of additional space ventures [Er-1)]
February 1966 bull
Number 2
EDITORmiddotINmiddotCHIH --- --- ll Col Roy L fhhtr
MANAGING ElgtITORbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull John W Rvo ll
ASSOCIATE EDITORbullbullbull - --- ----- A Podtrnok
ART EDITOR Robergt L BurlbullIJh
SENIOR IllUSTRATOR SP6 Claude hlon
SENIOR EDITORS Norman H Dbull CIUbull Ftoncts A Dohn
Ho(non M ~ ~orrh
Philip middotMcDonnell
~DITOAIAl ASSISTANTS Eolo t ltjln UrJda G Mfdoine
RESEARCH FOR TillS ISSUE
Dold G Roblnoon Moj lJSAF IDJAS1-2A middot1
Joh~ R Ciarlo J Moi USA (DIAAP-1 C3l
hbbullrl E Mllllous Lt Cltgtl USA IDIAAP-1Cll -------------shy
Tho A Corbolt IOmiddotIAAP-lCll------middot 10
JMh E Brown IDIMP-lCll--- 13
Roynbullond Poliolt~ M0 j USAF IPIAM-1 C41 16 Jomu G JUattot~ (01AAP-J C4)______ - ~- 20
Donald l Sltlor IDIAAP-H2t 23 fddiu B Andtlt~Ofl U) middot IAAP-lCll-- ~ middotmiddot middot ~ middotmiddot 28
Rolph OoMoHo L1 ((gl USNR I()IAAP-1 CJI - --- -- bull bullbull l7
Phi ll ip H Zull i CDIAAP-~CIL ~ ~_~ -middot--- J4 Tho1ot P Gormcn Copt USA
101 AAP-IC2 1 bullbull _ 35
Robart l Zuulthfllttidt tTDEPAt_ ~-~ ~---~ 18 SQmu l l W CrowfQtd ICJAAP-1R3 J____ ___ l9
2
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to the appeal 8
middot I middot
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to the appeal
FOREWORD MISSION The mission of 1he 1T1omhl~ DdmY lnuligma Digtsl is to provide aU compcments of the Department of Defense and other United State~ agcnciiS with timely intelligen(ltmiddot (J[ wide professLollal inshyterest on significant Ut~vclopmeuts and tn~ncls in the military apabili shyties and vulnerabilities uf foreign nations E111phasis is placed prishy
ril v on nations and force~ wiLitin crnmunist World
THE COVER OMM1N1ST photograph of Viet GongC(VC) lying in walt is indicG~tive of
the type of warfare waged by the VC During the5-month summer monsoon of 1965 the V C n-ulce some significanf territorial gamiddotins and inflicted heavy casqa1ties on the forces of the Repuhli~ of Vietnam Apparently the VC gave top priority to the central ltH1d southern highlands and to the area north and northelt1st of Saigon But the VC Jailed to achieve their main objec-
WARNJNG This pi_blicatiQn is c~~-shysified secret because it rdlcciS intellishygence colleftion efforts of the United Stares and contains inforrnatiot1 afshyfecting the national defense of the
middot Unikd States ~i thir1 the meaning of the Espionage Laws Title 18 U SC Section 793 and Section 794 Its crat1smission or che revelation of it~ contents in anv manner to an unshyauthorized person is prohibired by law_ Although chc publtcation is marked No Fonigp 0is~emin(ltlon cenain articks an~ releasable to
tivu-----expansion consolidation and tfnkup of th~ Viet 90ng-ccintrolled base middotmeas During this wet season rttultibartaj on-size attlcks wer~ launched against isolated South Vietshynamese srrongpoints and a number of provincial and distriltt towns In ad shydition lines of comrnuriicaripn Were subje-cted to ambush taeti~-s aJd t1UITICpound0U~ hlttras~ing a~tlCks we(e-middotc-ar shytied out ag~inst liettletCitts For adshydjtional information see Vilt CQng ActiOlis io Summer 1965 Ai~d at Major Victories page 4 middot ~
foreign govemm~nts ho~v~ver _s~ch rclcagc is conttolkd bv the DefCOsc Intelligence Agency
JOSEPI--~ F CARROLL l t Oeneril USAF Director
10 13 16
20 23
February 1966
bull USSR ~OSMONAUT ~INING BRIEF SURVEY OF [fROGRAM
nMONAUT traitng in the SovietCUnion apparently is flexible and capable or systematic expansion Soviec succe-sses in their manned space program attest to the adequacy of cosmonaut rraining but available evidence ruggests that they still lag in some aspects notably vestibular training
A his Soviet trllining eviden~y btgins -tth the selecttoo of ~nd-ldates by
two medical bo4rds which probably examir~e some 400 to 600 pilots for each umiddotaining group The pilots--middotas a result of numeJOllS physical and mental examil1atious~finaJly an reshyduced to a trai-ning groor of 20 ta 30 candidates Ofthis number probably only one-half arc gtlduated by th-e cosmonaut training achool
The length of t~mc spent in the selection and training of Soviet cosmiddot mona uts is not known but estimates ind icte tlta t tltis period may varmiddoty from 17 months to o years Cosmomiddot naut Aleksey Leon ov a a Moscow press conference on 26 March 1965 outlinttl his exlri1 ycatmiddot ltgtf training between April 1964 and March 1965 and lltated 1 would like to add that this training was preceded by my 5-year trainil1g in the cosmonaut u-ailJing center The complere cosshymonaut iraining program probably is d imiddotidcd in to tJtrcc phase~ the main tratnmg program training for a specific mission and training at the letunch base
OnJ 1middot a icw cosmonauts arc trained a specific nUssion In the Jlrst
February 1966
phase not less than folr cosmonauts were at the launching base at mission time Thcre1 the pretliglat course inmiddot volved a 2--eek stuqy of the spaceship eabin on the launching pad Cosmoshynauts who are to Ay the mission and theiimiddot alternates are sdected from the g~oup in training at the CDsmodrome by a spccial comnU~s-ion
Special mis~ions There is ltvidence that candidates
are chmiddotosen and speci~l ty tlftili~d for specific assignmentS Recc-lt press re leases describe a lengthy and special training program that Cosmoru~ut Le0nov foltoved in pr~paration formiddot his extravehicular emergence- and sub~equent middotactivity as a c11ew menibet of Voskhod l Apparently the selecmiddotmiddot tion ofcosmonau~sfqr- ~peci6= a~ghl is made long before the altrtual pventmiddot and all training is dire~ed toward its accomplishmcnc and farriiliarization v-ith the overall program The proshygram for Leonovs mission (including his walk u1 space) for example consisrcd of extensive training both on the ground and in an aitborne situUshylatormiddot The ground training was acshycompHshed in therma~ ~ltitude npd isolation chambers Jhis apparently was to familiarize the cosmonaut with rhe problems involved in performing his duties in a pressurized space suit and co expose him to temperatures that could be anticipcted during exshytravehicular crctivity In-flight trainshying was conducted tomiddot an airbortie simulator and cansisred in establishing
the proper procedure (or exit and tmiddote-entry into thc aidock of the orbitin$ Voskhod II under weightless conde rions Tbis latter procedULe was reshyp(tiid until it became an automatic acqon Soviet scientists appefll ~ashyflalili ofa11gmrncing tile more gtner-al
Seeret 13
l 4
(sitfing I tor) Dr B Y egorov llt Feoktirto V t-tikoloybullvo-Tlaquorashkova end V lltomarov [UJ
pro~rarJ1 0f traitiing to meet the needs or ~pcci fic flights furthermore the current Sovie t lraining program can possibly pmvide a basis for predicting ru turc d evelo pments in the program
Trai n ing also takes place in the labora tories and plants where the boos te rs and spaceshi ps arc m ade CJsrnonaut t rainees nor only watch t he assembly procedures but also parshyt icipa te in the testing of systems in opcra tion They often work with the $Cicntist~ de-igncrs and engineers irl perfecting individual ur1its and mcchshya ni~ms in descr ibing Cosmonaut C S Tiwvs tr ainin on e a uthor s t Hcd th il t while Ti tov was in t he boos t( r plum he visi ted a ll tht shl ps
Aues tio rwJ 1he des igners and -touched C Cr y sclew on the ro cket
February 1966
Potenrial cosrnonauts may begin trsirtiAg -at amiddotn early age The Leni11grad Club ef Young Astronauts was organized in 1961 Of the 300 original members-ages 15 to 17shyonly I 0 completed _ the first 2-year oourse which included flying in j~t fllanes eraioirtg in pressure and 1solashytiou chambers parachute j11mping and study-ing radio aStronomy space middotmedicine and astronauti~s
Jn late 1964middot two-thirds oi che Soviet cosmonauts probably had -received
middot preliminary flight training io ~he Voluntary Society for Cooperation with the Army Air force and Navy (D OSAAF) the major organization responsible for premilitary and parashymili tary tTaining for all branches of the So viet Armed Forces
In middot addition to such ttaining opshypor-tunities Schools for Junior CosshymoQauts teportlily have been estabmiddot lished at existing air force schools widtin the Soviet Uruon and adshyvanced training in cosmonautics may he obtained at a nuinber of scientific institutes primarily in Moscow and Leningrad
Training facilities Four cpsmonaut training facilities
have been identified in the Mospoundow area
bull The main Soviet euroOsmonaut trainshying center is in a secured area middotat 1 Monine ahlout 20 miles east of Mescow The area is the base for tle prdiminary training of the cos- monau~ Equipment at this ttaiQing base probably includes physical conshyditioning devices such as the rotating meet and trampoline T middotne center allo may have a ce ntrifuge at least one altitude chamber an isolation chamber and equipment for vestibushylar training as well middotas flight simulators
bull A second trltJiiling f4cility has been identillw at Chikalovskay~ ($hch((lshykoVQ) Airlield Cosmonau~ maintain thejr llying skiJls there and undergo weithtiess-conditioo trair)ing in speshycialtUy equippqd aircraft
bull A third cosmonaut training (aciity has been identified at Tomilino oil themiddot southeastern outskirts of Mnscow There cosmonauts undergo training using full-pressure spacesuits in a centrifuge Tomilino also has enshygaged in research and developme nt of spacesuits and equipment used for ejection of cosmenautsin re-entry
bull l11e fourth facility is the Zhushykovskiy Ail Engineering Academy MCgtsco~ where cosmolauts undergo theoretkal trainingmiddotin roclceL engineershying astrorwmy and physies Afte r their flights i~to space cosmonauts Gagarin Titov Popovich Bykovskiy and Tereshkg~a proba bly tQltkspecial courses at this academy on new eq uipmiddot mcnt ant prQCcssed sdcfutifi~ data obt~in~d by Soviet cosmonauts Coumiddotrso work was acco~panied by intensive physical training
Space -achievements by the Soviet Union thus far indicate the exiltence of an cx1ensive and intensive but somewhat incomplete training pro gram tha t is capable of cxpandihg to meet the needs of additional space ventures [Er-1)]
bull USSR ~OSMONAUT ~INING BRIEF SURVEY OF [fROGRAM
nMONAUT traitng in the SovietCUnion apparently is flexible and capable or systematic expansion Soviec succe-sses in their manned space program attest to the adequacy of cosmonaut rraining but available evidence ruggests that they still lag in some aspects notably vestibular training
A his Soviet trllining eviden~y btgins -tth the selecttoo of ~nd-ldates by
two medical bo4rds which probably examir~e some 400 to 600 pilots for each umiddotaining group The pilots--middotas a result of numeJOllS physical and mental examil1atious~finaJly an reshyduced to a trai-ning groor of 20 ta 30 candidates Ofthis number probably only one-half arc gtlduated by th-e cosmonaut training achool
The length of t~mc spent in the selection and training of Soviet cosmiddot mona uts is not known but estimates ind icte tlta t tltis period may varmiddoty from 17 months to o years Cosmomiddot naut Aleksey Leon ov a a Moscow press conference on 26 March 1965 outlinttl his exlri1 ycatmiddot ltgtf training between April 1964 and March 1965 and lltated 1 would like to add that this training was preceded by my 5-year trainil1g in the cosmonaut u-ailJing center The complere cosshymonaut iraining program probably is d imiddotidcd in to tJtrcc phase~ the main tratnmg program training for a specific mission and training at the letunch base
OnJ 1middot a icw cosmonauts arc trained a specific nUssion In the Jlrst
February 1966
phase not less than folr cosmonauts were at the launching base at mission time Thcre1 the pretliglat course inmiddot volved a 2--eek stuqy of the spaceship eabin on the launching pad Cosmoshynauts who are to Ay the mission and theiimiddot alternates are sdected from the g~oup in training at the CDsmodrome by a spccial comnU~s-ion
Special mis~ions There is ltvidence that candidates
are chmiddotosen and speci~l ty tlftili~d for specific assignmentS Recc-lt press re leases describe a lengthy and special training program that Cosmoru~ut Le0nov foltoved in pr~paration formiddot his extravehicular emergence- and sub~equent middotactivity as a c11ew menibet of Voskhod l Apparently the selecmiddotmiddot tion ofcosmonau~sfqr- ~peci6= a~ghl is made long before the altrtual pventmiddot and all training is dire~ed toward its accomplishmcnc and farriiliarization v-ith the overall program The proshygram for Leonovs mission (including his walk u1 space) for example consisrcd of extensive training both on the ground and in an aitborne situUshylatormiddot The ground training was acshycompHshed in therma~ ~ltitude npd isolation chambers Jhis apparently was to familiarize the cosmonaut with rhe problems involved in performing his duties in a pressurized space suit and co expose him to temperatures that could be anticipcted during exshytravehicular crctivity In-flight trainshying was conducted tomiddot an airbortie simulator and cansisred in establishing
the proper procedure (or exit and tmiddote-entry into thc aidock of the orbitin$ Voskhod II under weightless conde rions Tbis latter procedULe was reshyp(tiid until it became an automatic acqon Soviet scientists appefll ~ashyflalili ofa11gmrncing tile more gtner-al
Seeret 13
l 4
(sitfing I tor) Dr B Y egorov llt Feoktirto V t-tikoloybullvo-Tlaquorashkova end V lltomarov [UJ
pro~rarJ1 0f traitiing to meet the needs or ~pcci fic flights furthermore the current Sovie t lraining program can possibly pmvide a basis for predicting ru turc d evelo pments in the program
Trai n ing also takes place in the labora tories and plants where the boos te rs and spaceshi ps arc m ade CJsrnonaut t rainees nor only watch t he assembly procedures but also parshyt icipa te in the testing of systems in opcra tion They often work with the $Cicntist~ de-igncrs and engineers irl perfecting individual ur1its and mcchshya ni~ms in descr ibing Cosmonaut C S Tiwvs tr ainin on e a uthor s t Hcd th il t while Ti tov was in t he boos t( r plum he visi ted a ll tht shl ps
Aues tio rwJ 1he des igners and -touched C Cr y sclew on the ro cket
February 1966
Potenrial cosrnonauts may begin trsirtiAg -at amiddotn early age The Leni11grad Club ef Young Astronauts was organized in 1961 Of the 300 original members-ages 15 to 17shyonly I 0 completed _ the first 2-year oourse which included flying in j~t fllanes eraioirtg in pressure and 1solashytiou chambers parachute j11mping and study-ing radio aStronomy space middotmedicine and astronauti~s
Jn late 1964middot two-thirds oi che Soviet cosmonauts probably had -received
middot preliminary flight training io ~he Voluntary Society for Cooperation with the Army Air force and Navy (D OSAAF) the major organization responsible for premilitary and parashymili tary tTaining for all branches of the So viet Armed Forces
In middot addition to such ttaining opshypor-tunities Schools for Junior CosshymoQauts teportlily have been estabmiddot lished at existing air force schools widtin the Soviet Uruon and adshyvanced training in cosmonautics may he obtained at a nuinber of scientific institutes primarily in Moscow and Leningrad
Training facilities Four cpsmonaut training facilities
have been identified in the Mospoundow area
bull The main Soviet euroOsmonaut trainshying center is in a secured area middotat 1 Monine ahlout 20 miles east of Mescow The area is the base for tle prdiminary training of the cos- monau~ Equipment at this ttaiQing base probably includes physical conshyditioning devices such as the rotating meet and trampoline T middotne center allo may have a ce ntrifuge at least one altitude chamber an isolation chamber and equipment for vestibushylar training as well middotas flight simulators
bull A second trltJiiling f4cility has been identillw at Chikalovskay~ ($hch((lshykoVQ) Airlield Cosmonau~ maintain thejr llying skiJls there and undergo weithtiess-conditioo trair)ing in speshycialtUy equippqd aircraft
bull A third cosmonaut training (aciity has been identified at Tomilino oil themiddot southeastern outskirts of Mnscow There cosmonauts undergo training using full-pressure spacesuits in a centrifuge Tomilino also has enshygaged in research and developme nt of spacesuits and equipment used for ejection of cosmenautsin re-entry
bull l11e fourth facility is the Zhushykovskiy Ail Engineering Academy MCgtsco~ where cosmolauts undergo theoretkal trainingmiddotin roclceL engineershying astrorwmy and physies Afte r their flights i~to space cosmonauts Gagarin Titov Popovich Bykovskiy and Tereshkg~a proba bly tQltkspecial courses at this academy on new eq uipmiddot mcnt ant prQCcssed sdcfutifi~ data obt~in~d by Soviet cosmonauts Coumiddotrso work was acco~panied by intensive physical training
Space -achievements by the Soviet Union thus far indicate the exiltence of an cx1ensive and intensive but somewhat incomplete training pro gram tha t is capable of cxpandihg to meet the needs of additional space ventures [Er-1)]
l 4
(sitfing I tor) Dr B Y egorov llt Feoktirto V t-tikoloybullvo-Tlaquorashkova end V lltomarov [UJ
pro~rarJ1 0f traitiing to meet the needs or ~pcci fic flights furthermore the current Sovie t lraining program can possibly pmvide a basis for predicting ru turc d evelo pments in the program
Trai n ing also takes place in the labora tories and plants where the boos te rs and spaceshi ps arc m ade CJsrnonaut t rainees nor only watch t he assembly procedures but also parshyt icipa te in the testing of systems in opcra tion They often work with the $Cicntist~ de-igncrs and engineers irl perfecting individual ur1its and mcchshya ni~ms in descr ibing Cosmonaut C S Tiwvs tr ainin on e a uthor s t Hcd th il t while Ti tov was in t he boos t( r plum he visi ted a ll tht shl ps
Aues tio rwJ 1he des igners and -touched C Cr y sclew on the ro cket
February 1966
Potenrial cosrnonauts may begin trsirtiAg -at amiddotn early age The Leni11grad Club ef Young Astronauts was organized in 1961 Of the 300 original members-ages 15 to 17shyonly I 0 completed _ the first 2-year oourse which included flying in j~t fllanes eraioirtg in pressure and 1solashytiou chambers parachute j11mping and study-ing radio aStronomy space middotmedicine and astronauti~s
Jn late 1964middot two-thirds oi che Soviet cosmonauts probably had -received
middot preliminary flight training io ~he Voluntary Society for Cooperation with the Army Air force and Navy (D OSAAF) the major organization responsible for premilitary and parashymili tary tTaining for all branches of the So viet Armed Forces
In middot addition to such ttaining opshypor-tunities Schools for Junior CosshymoQauts teportlily have been estabmiddot lished at existing air force schools widtin the Soviet Uruon and adshyvanced training in cosmonautics may he obtained at a nuinber of scientific institutes primarily in Moscow and Leningrad
Training facilities Four cpsmonaut training facilities
have been identified in the Mospoundow area
bull The main Soviet euroOsmonaut trainshying center is in a secured area middotat 1 Monine ahlout 20 miles east of Mescow The area is the base for tle prdiminary training of the cos- monau~ Equipment at this ttaiQing base probably includes physical conshyditioning devices such as the rotating meet and trampoline T middotne center allo may have a ce ntrifuge at least one altitude chamber an isolation chamber and equipment for vestibushylar training as well middotas flight simulators
bull A second trltJiiling f4cility has been identillw at Chikalovskay~ ($hch((lshykoVQ) Airlield Cosmonau~ maintain thejr llying skiJls there and undergo weithtiess-conditioo trair)ing in speshycialtUy equippqd aircraft
bull A third cosmonaut training (aciity has been identified at Tomilino oil themiddot southeastern outskirts of Mnscow There cosmonauts undergo training using full-pressure spacesuits in a centrifuge Tomilino also has enshygaged in research and developme nt of spacesuits and equipment used for ejection of cosmenautsin re-entry
bull l11e fourth facility is the Zhushykovskiy Ail Engineering Academy MCgtsco~ where cosmolauts undergo theoretkal trainingmiddotin roclceL engineershying astrorwmy and physies Afte r their flights i~to space cosmonauts Gagarin Titov Popovich Bykovskiy and Tereshkg~a proba bly tQltkspecial courses at this academy on new eq uipmiddot mcnt ant prQCcssed sdcfutifi~ data obt~in~d by Soviet cosmonauts Coumiddotrso work was acco~panied by intensive physical training
Space -achievements by the Soviet Union thus far indicate the exiltence of an cx1ensive and intensive but somewhat incomplete training pro gram tha t is capable of cxpandihg to meet the needs of additional space ventures [Er-1)]
(sitfing I tor) Dr B Y egorov llt Feoktirto V t-tikoloybullvo-Tlaquorashkova end V lltomarov [UJ
pro~rarJ1 0f traitiing to meet the needs or ~pcci fic flights furthermore the current Sovie t lraining program can possibly pmvide a basis for predicting ru turc d evelo pments in the program
Trai n ing also takes place in the labora tories and plants where the boos te rs and spaceshi ps arc m ade CJsrnonaut t rainees nor only watch t he assembly procedures but also parshyt icipa te in the testing of systems in opcra tion They often work with the $Cicntist~ de-igncrs and engineers irl perfecting individual ur1its and mcchshya ni~ms in descr ibing Cosmonaut C S Tiwvs tr ainin on e a uthor s t Hcd th il t while Ti tov was in t he boos t( r plum he visi ted a ll tht shl ps
Aues tio rwJ 1he des igners and -touched C Cr y sclew on the ro cket
February 1966
Potenrial cosrnonauts may begin trsirtiAg -at amiddotn early age The Leni11grad Club ef Young Astronauts was organized in 1961 Of the 300 original members-ages 15 to 17shyonly I 0 completed _ the first 2-year oourse which included flying in j~t fllanes eraioirtg in pressure and 1solashytiou chambers parachute j11mping and study-ing radio aStronomy space middotmedicine and astronauti~s
Jn late 1964middot two-thirds oi che Soviet cosmonauts probably had -received
middot preliminary flight training io ~he Voluntary Society for Cooperation with the Army Air force and Navy (D OSAAF) the major organization responsible for premilitary and parashymili tary tTaining for all branches of the So viet Armed Forces
In middot addition to such ttaining opshypor-tunities Schools for Junior CosshymoQauts teportlily have been estabmiddot lished at existing air force schools widtin the Soviet Uruon and adshyvanced training in cosmonautics may he obtained at a nuinber of scientific institutes primarily in Moscow and Leningrad
Training facilities Four cpsmonaut training facilities
have been identified in the Mospoundow area
bull The main Soviet euroOsmonaut trainshying center is in a secured area middotat 1 Monine ahlout 20 miles east of Mescow The area is the base for tle prdiminary training of the cos- monau~ Equipment at this ttaiQing base probably includes physical conshyditioning devices such as the rotating meet and trampoline T middotne center allo may have a ce ntrifuge at least one altitude chamber an isolation chamber and equipment for vestibushylar training as well middotas flight simulators
bull A second trltJiiling f4cility has been identillw at Chikalovskay~ ($hch((lshykoVQ) Airlield Cosmonau~ maintain thejr llying skiJls there and undergo weithtiess-conditioo trair)ing in speshycialtUy equippqd aircraft
bull A third cosmonaut training (aciity has been identified at Tomilino oil themiddot southeastern outskirts of Mnscow There cosmonauts undergo training using full-pressure spacesuits in a centrifuge Tomilino also has enshygaged in research and developme nt of spacesuits and equipment used for ejection of cosmenautsin re-entry
bull l11e fourth facility is the Zhushykovskiy Ail Engineering Academy MCgtsco~ where cosmolauts undergo theoretkal trainingmiddotin roclceL engineershying astrorwmy and physies Afte r their flights i~to space cosmonauts Gagarin Titov Popovich Bykovskiy and Tereshkg~a proba bly tQltkspecial courses at this academy on new eq uipmiddot mcnt ant prQCcssed sdcfutifi~ data obt~in~d by Soviet cosmonauts Coumiddotrso work was acco~panied by intensive physical training
Space -achievements by the Soviet Union thus far indicate the exiltence of an cx1ensive and intensive but somewhat incomplete training pro gram tha t is capable of cxpandihg to meet the needs of additional space ventures [Er-1)]