decuba waste to energy caribbean
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
1/19
Limits and Potential for Waste-to-Energy in
the Caribbean
ing. Kevin de Cuba, MSc.Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Division
Department of Sustainable DevelopmentOrganization of American States (OAS)
Re-Caribe 2008: 14th Annual Wider Caribbean Waste Management Conference,
Grenada, June 26th, 2008
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
2/19
What is Waste?
Waste: Is a material component,
energy or substance that:
Is formed or disposed of asresult of industrial, service,
recreational and residentialhuman activities;
Has lost its value and/orfunctionality;
Affects negatively the naturalenvironment (directly/indirectly)that influences socio-economiclife.
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
3/19
Waste Impact in the Caribbean
In 2008 total of 6,781,537garbage items were collected
from shoreline andunderwater sites in the wider
Caribbean region.
Almost 90 percent of thisamount was debris from
land based sources
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
4/19
Waste Impact in the Caribbean
Landfills all over the
Caribbean are/have reachedtheir maximum capacity.
Sea and Coastal Areapollution leads to highimpediments on tourismdevelopment, public
health and ecologicalservices
Grand Cayman Island (2006)
US Virgin Islands
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
5/19
Waste Impact in the Caribbean
Lack of enforcement ofproper control and
monitoring waste disposal
Improper planning andlandfill siting leading togroundwater pollutionand other environmental
problems
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
6/19
Waste Management for SD
Proper Waste Management: Is integrating technical alternatives,incorporate other sectors of economy (cause/solution) toimprove the collection, treatment and disposal of waste.
Clean Environment leads to: preventing public health risk
preventing natural hazards risk improving aesthetically the urban surrounding; considerable reduction in investment needs for waste
water/solid waste disposal creation of environmental service companies (e.g.
recycling) all the above summing to ingredients for sustainable
development.
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
7/19
Examples of Caribbean Energy
Rates (most expensive)
0.3095*227833.1VINLEC5,229117,848St. Vincent &
the Grenadines
0.30160*.10038.8GRENLEC5,57189, 703Grenada
0.4556413542922.0DOMLEC4,33378,000Dominica
0.30..20,046240
The Barbados
Light&Power
Company
Limited
13,605280,946Barbados
0.35100*.10061.4APUA^13,09269,108Antigua &
Barbuda
TotalHydroPetroleum
AverageElec.
Rate(US$/
kWh)
Primary Energy
consumption for
electricity production
(TJ)
Gen.
Capacity(MW)
Utility
GDP
(US$-
nominal)per cap.
Approx.
PopulationCountry
*Measured in Millions of kWh
^Antigua Island Only
Average electricity price in USA: 0.11 US$/kWh (2007)
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
8/19
Energy for SD in the Caribbean
Two main factors are driving the demand for reliable and affordable
energy services for sustainable development
1) The continued net population growth, the need andincrease of economic activities where energy isindispensable and;
2) The ever increasing challenge for energy security due toexternal global fossil fuel market developments leadingto expensive petroleum derived fuels as jet fuel, diesel,fuel oil, or gasoline and increasing competition ofaccess to basic energy resources for power productionand transport fuels
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
9/19
Waste and Energy
Waste is inexorably interlinked with Energy, because:
all products manufactured, required an amount ofbasic materials and energy to extract, manufactureand transport;
proper and responsible waste management anddisposal results in recovering large quantities ofmaterials or chemicals without losing their original
economic value in tandem with the highest possibleenergy recovery (in some cases expressed as energysavings).
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
10/19
Possible Caribbean ambitions?
Reduce the total amount of waste generated
Materials/energy from waste should be used asefficient as possible Assess recycling possibilities
Reduce the amount of waste ending up in landfills Increase amount of biological treatment (e.g. composting)
Enhance quality of waste for waste-to-energy
Focus on increased energy output Minimizing the impact of waste on environment and
livelihood of our citizens
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
11/19
What is Waste-to-Energy?
Waste-to-Energy: Is the overall
package of alternatives tocollect, treat and dispose ofwaste:
respecting the basic principles
of Integrated WasteManagement (Rs hierarchy) improving energy efficiency in
waste management practices;
generate cleaner andsustainable energy carriers as(by)-product of IWMS forsustainable development.
MSW Incineration plant in Vienna
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
12/19
Why Waste-to-Energy for
Caribbean SIDS?
Waste-to-Energy: an interesting RE/EE alternative, because of:
need for reliable and affordable energy services;
need for increase in use of indigenous energy sources(waste) for energy security;
decades of use of landfills as the least cost option forsolid waste disposal leading to space disposal limits; large amounts of materials are not technically or
economically feasible to recycle / re-use (under Caribbean
SIDS context). increased environmental problems due to improper wastecollection, treatment & disposal (waste water, MSW, etc.)
possible generation of revenue streams for investments in
Waste Management systems
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
13/19
Limits / Challenges to Waste-to-Energy
in the Caribbean (1)
Lack of reliable information on waste managementpractices applied in the Caribbean;
Lack of basic waste generation and composition data; Weak and/or lack of regulatory framework to improve
waste management performance;
Lack of policy and legal frameworks linking wastemanagement, environmental and energy issues;
Poor resources planning to enhance thesocioeconomic and environmental benefits fromwaste-to-energy.
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
14/19
Limits / Challenges to Waste-to-Energy
in the Caribbean (2)
There is still a degree of public and political resistance towards
waste-to-energy (due to misconception of linking to WTE Plants);
No fiscal incentives to facilitate energy generation and energyefficiency from or within waste management systems;
The challenge of centralizing or decentralizing waste managementresponsibilities (example, the Bahamas);
The need for the identification of funding at the national; intraregional
and interregional levels;
The capital investment in waste-to-energy alternatives is consideredprohibitive for Caribbean nations.
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
15/19
Addressing the Problem
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
16/19
Potential Waste-to-Energy routes
Source: Imports, Tourism, Industry, Transport,
Commerce, Residential, Agriculture, Landfill, etc.
Type of Waste: MSW, Sewage water, Ship-
Generated waste, agricultural waste, wood waste,
etc.
Conversion route: digesting, composting,
incineration, co-generation, bio-chemical treatment,
chemo-physical extraction, etc.
Energy carrier or product: biogas, landfill gas,
heat, electricity, fertilizer, cellulosic ethanol, bio-oil,
desalinated water, etc.
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
17/19
Sourcesreduction
and reuse
Recycling/composting
Combustion with energy recovery
Landfilling and incineration without energy recovery
Least cost option
Preferred
Waste Management Hierarchy
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
18/19
Processing Waste as
Energy Source
-
8/14/2019 DeCuba Waste to Energy Caribbean
19/19
Thank you!
ing. Kevin de Cuba, MSc.Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Division
Department of Sustainable Development
Organization of American States (OAS)
E: [email protected]: +1-202-458-6467