defense against warfare

7/25/2019 Defense Against Warfare

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y CARL-GoRAN HEDNKanka nu and h Mda Rah Coun, Sokhm Swdn

COTENTS

ITODTO , 639

BOLOA WAFARE AS A WEAPOS ySTEM 642

SYHOLOGAL EEE 645

HYSOLOGA EEE . . . . 646Infection route . . . 46Lines of defene . , 47

HYSA A HEAL EEE . .. . . 649Early waing . . . . 649

Sampling ... 650Rapd entiation 61Prottiv qint . . . . . . . . . . . . . Day...... 3Deontamination and diinfetion 6

EA EEE 55

Early dianoi _ 655Chmoprophyax and tratment . ..... . ' 66

VEEAY A UAL EEE. ' ' 8"AE, OO A G OETO... 9

EOAO EAE ...... .. . ... ' 69TRATE EASES .. . . . . ' 0

Sreiance o ommnable diae . . . . , 60lanning o bologal arare dne . 6

IEA E WAAE EEE 6

The inhibitory fore hih inene biological arare deelop


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40

ous wen expoe by an enemy ne e psyooga ees o Bou be ue exensve, su an opponen mg bene om e a aunacusome meos o wae en o become e subec o sensaionaism an exaeaion an ae oen isusse in a vey imaginaive way

One sou no oe oweve a ee s le eason o ega boloiaagens as ulmae weapons an a ee s a onsieabe me ag be-ween aboaoy esus an opeaona awae even e sanemay be mae e ase o an n e ae o manyoe ype o amamen

Te oowng summay an aemp o vew e possbes o B ene gins e pespeive o pobable ens n e eveopmen o eweapons on e one an, an o inenaona elaions on e oe eae aspe s mpoan because e polia sain on an aggesso may be

jus as impoan n BW poeion as bioogia an pysial eene mea-sues Aso, ee is mu o be sai o e saemen a e ony eenegans emal boogal weapons s eay wnng an nenonlageemens

Tis eview is an ousies evauaon o see as wic ae pe-sene in e ope a ey wi ep e eae o ea a balane view oe may mpaons o moen mooogy On e one an, mube onsee a ee w be a sk o eeoaon n e nenaonaamospee y pes ooses o suss e keoo o B n eeven o evey majo epemc. n e oe an, a soey wc neglecs

BW auay invies is use ine a goo poion o e meia an miobioogia poessions in mos ounies en o ignoe e sube e aeis is pobably e ges, an is is a song agumen o scussion oe eene poblems u a sussion mg iniae measues ame aeung e empaon o use BW w an enemy may ee . Ts sa beause one mobiooga weapons gain aepane ey ouinae a vey p esalaon

We ae oe o eo a as ee ae unenabe paano enenesin e eaions beween naons, an as e ae o ange n soey s oen

beaown Aso e emoa vong meansms ae eay naeuae wenappe on e nenaona eve an e gap beween weay an poonaons ens o gow onseuen, e pospe o a asn wol peaeis no big o e momen an pus specil esponsiblies on esoues o e sieniss Ts as been spele ou n vey ea ems by oe Bae 3

wen es ae e seon w o en w, e enels as a lss ve sownsmal bele a wa n amens an be abolse; e ea , ae, ase u o eln e ules an nes o smamen so ve ew

o em ve me consuve oosals o enn e ams ae

e e ve een wn e e e n e ene

Annu.

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EENE AAN A WAAE

Ambly f th Uitd Nat darng that dsamamt th most mptantjtv th ig piy. Bt thy hav ald t gv th dgat thsuts w wul al t t gtiat a saat taty Thes t agug which ati hav st t blam Th a s ta

sts wny

al t ta gav ss

w saat qusw th a vwhlmg dy p p tgut t wl w t a y t gv t su

Ony th tt an at th bdy p hy an pak wth a ath-ty whh h day tzn th ntt ant hallng an whh h mp t ltn S thy at hp mh hlp m gas th mt, thy mut at by hmslvs, a pm av t avt thmta dang whih nt mak.

at a t as just t gt wll lu la wafa atu f uw

Sa la S la a lal au a a a a a a a us inter alia, ga was a fuu wa ( 5 ut uts aut ts tta av als ss (6 t s t tat Df Mst G K ukv sa uay 56 tat a futu wa wul l ky fugt wt e aaula al a lga (B was ussa ll a 15 at f sults f aatv stus f t sss f lf fvta was wa ss a at y s a ssf lal was lv ay at a gal

wa wul av as f all (. as v sugstta B g ay a vy tat at Russa gag v la ( U al ua Rusa a u a l aa f f 8 a f f vla (

tats was la t t R svlya fsvly 16 (1 ut a vya la t w wul a s at y atslk us f 136 kys a at f a lta s fa ata a a a 5Bts (1 6 a aaa (1 ts t t latt s atak w u u a w t aka f tat ls w t u f a t f lay tqus as aks asy ay s s kl w at st stutus (18 S f t suts f uly as sa al lula y a as a a sl v a fuu a fa a lal wafa a aa a la laat s a t fa ta qu a f laat tt s

t fts suta t agat f pa tgs a w ly aalab a d t huld us tat t s asgly ultt glt t B dn ls

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P YM

Tt st cts sss ss ta pm, nd n spt of ntbots nd te mproved terpeut mns wca t sc w wa t Ka cpa

cts sss cas sv ts ctvss a tUnte States roops h bal injuis (2426). Obviously, h dibtntroducton o inetous diseass mong troops woud gan o te enemya miitary advantage but as-with ew exeptons (27)been attempted in rude way ony nd never s a major wapons sstm 2

As at as t autumn 15 t Amrn c c ts a t s c cca tc s st c t w t s a at t stt ta cotr ustrated number sc stts 11 12 2 3 wc tca cs t aacs a t ca ass pt c cc waps t sa css s ca wapons. It ws ponted out or p tt taptc ssues wer boming more and more depndent upon vi deene ptta wc onger t sa sc sgnne as obtned during te era o tept r rrt cta waps. s xpt t a w s sts c sc tttv statmnts s "t onsv us o boog gnts is sbe 26nd boog gnts st w an sd strtgca to us suts n n re t wt cont" 31 32 Doubts cc t

stk pw st cts ts cta a t sp cs tsts s wt p Rcks susugmush 33 t skn Psodu vvx v t bood strm 3 and Buaborus 35 tst c 36 3 nd pts s 3a t t O ptca tst ts cct s t ct tt tsl d f U on s c bc at bt 25cs 39 n te ase Q snge naed partc (Coeburne) mgt be suent to aus neton 1 so tt in teory a grmo inoulated bry cc tss ss tn a bon man ntous doss

2 psst sst aas s s onstrtd in ed tsts nvoving uorsent pats 3 a ctsps . stc c 2 cc sp atcs ps at a a 156 sttc cast s t t 3 sq s a w a s 15 a a a s 15 tcs p t w . t t pmnt wt sps 13 s a ssps Bus sus a ngws sz t c a sp a tw cs ttw s s sst ws t t s t s

w tc t stt was caact a cta t to t duton spt ts t c c w bout 23 s gi vb e dnsts nsde budngs csp t

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IDEFENCES AGAINST BOLOGCAL WARFARE

d" q l. O b ddd d b lly b d b d lld l ly 5 l 5

dy yd ld y 5 [ 5 d x d I d d Bau an dlly 3 y y 3 z db ld y d d l l d d l d by l ll [ d b 3 l W d y d F. uen C bun d Vzl lyl y b d y d d l d d y T y y d dl jd zzl d ly (48,49.

F ld b b ld y d y l l l d I y d ld l ld b dld

ly d l dd Oy z l ld b d ld

k l d y d ld b l y ld y d by b d l in l b attack with tularensi it would instanc ta dy bfor th dsa yms hadach malas l and chst pains) would bn to ma thmlvs flt 40

h convntional ima of bolocal warfar th

suitcas"-poisonin watr supplis and vntlation sstmma m tohav bn discardd 11 but this attitud miht wll prov to b prmaturat lat f on condr pcic tuation; for intanc a santary bradown caud b nuclar attac or moblzation whn th pchologcal rpercuons of a covrt B attack mht b vr vr. t hould not bforottn that a arl a 117 an ant succdd in nfctn 4500 donkwth Malomyc ma (27), and that a numbr of tndnc n a modrnoct pav th wa for abota act: xtniv and rapd commnicaton incrasin th covra 2. urbanation concntratn popl ndrdctn unit n mall aa ; 3. incran th i of lauhtr hu

dar food procsn ndustrs and watrwors 4 aricultur tniv us of monocultur lar hrd and cntrald foddrmanuactur 5. nt vntlaton sstm n command cntr suwa

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644 HEDN

inmas hars resarans . 6 inrased dpnden n ky per-snne raa an msse perars an h pep n per mmnans an ranspr enres h nas are reqeny nne enrnmens sheers marnes an her nay ns n hh nnna saae as mh e mre d arry han he nrn a a aen h an inan me n a ar manyays a im

s n h as aaks ia d r ar h amns mrr-ansms r xns ha e reqre e ssana ees ar smahs s parary re in ases n hih mpan an r yphid-inhedary ype aak ahh een here he aen es n nreasn qany ny reaey sma amns e se. rnkn 1 mrm a reserr hn 5 mn rs aer d ne a seris nen r an nxain rsk i ha a k Samonea re ss han

5 k a pary pre nm n r k saphya enerxn ere hae een inred (2. Ths shd e mpare henrma psns: e ns rsdim aeae r en ns pas-sm yanide d rrd he sam ee

is s sh es aae p h ps h ma p-dn s an h pprnes r annyms se hh has en hemra eapns he ae he eapns he re" nher nseran has enee n he hmanaran aspe he napaianarees a apns 5 5.

a apns are nrmay nsered e es se r empymen aans are aeares an nsern sme nheren haaerss sh as he nan per hey seem en hemsees srae raher han aa prses 52 eer he ermny is asan as n near arar here aans n mary ehny haesy sh h Hrshima yp m rm h sra h a-a ass apn 3 Th a ha BW sms r parar prmser nernsreny prans an in hn imed ars has praypayed a re n he nserans hh d he prsen sae ep-men ( 1 1 . The pssiiy r annyms seen in peaeime" na-

ray as a mensn y he eene prems Parary nares n hh he epema sreane s neee an he pheah eernary an arra series are eak a sysema erpan inrease he nene and sprea nrmay rrn ineiseases mih e ery expse an neraze

In a sns h miriia aens hh mh e se r enieprpses represn a he ran eapn sysems raher han a sinyp eapn. nipersnne anianma and anrp aens a ps drn een prms an an pn ars aak reay n a

pns sym and a er r dssmnain anhr Th sain irher mae y he ars mans hih an enem mih y inrer penae an aak aiain araae h ress an

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DNC NT OLOC WRR 6

a aack man anima cai ike cya nede mi epie penea e pidmi pan (2 eiiai ciad pmi mpiy a aack ia ae ad n I i biyey dic dic e BW dence pbem in ayi b a and

bk n ex a be imied micbiica a i ampai a aae aipne eap ad e ieaiaapec BW dc. Wi ad deece aai xi m an micbiica c deiai a pa m ec. ad i ed m na x ic a i may addiiadai n aipe ap (2 5356

PSYCHOLOGICA DEFENCE

Mc e eea and depme k i biica aa i kepece e acc i impace an beca i aiy minded and pke emia di ad ma bnce" 11 dampe c aci b empai pai ae a ai da ae e ined a ubliiy ic may ae epd ain accac cmpeni cemica and biica aae pam ic Unied Sa bea ab 196 (11 51. In pi i aide e eea pbi m b y ai e e dand mc ccn a n epeed am meican ciei (5 iac i ead some cac eac bein cdced a academiciii 11 . m e dene pin i c aide cnie a

dae beca acn eey emina a pp ppc n e eed dece meae pbaby di eab yii id i BW i iil

a e dil den n i y ui b ud dSu an adapai pc i impan e denc pa u beable to create imaginativey a proper iture of oneiab BW-taions.

Hee a e ae ime e d beae e nger ineen i ejargon a tnd ae e onr natur a ma pb by nn m in abaci (i meadeamacp c . d e a nae pean m ake pa in m . n i cneci e ciei a a pecia pnibiy namy pid emind a iac e aiain i ca e mi ma addin miia ca adcnece " d dui emy cii ad edicain i ppa i iin dan a a Si Sy Zckman empaied ca a e mi aepind a biica aae encida ype d aiyca a ima ai.

an ciab BW iain i c m dic an pepai e yp dae c a aqak an accide ic ee a pcdn W ead BW peii a a dec

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8/38

HEDtN

d w o w d w do od o kg ou d d T o duo m w ou o o o u wu ogmr v deence, cuom nd agnur pero bu alo o

provde knowedge and experence wth "exoc nfecon o doctor veernaran pan paoog and mcooogt e pannng or deence

g oog wo u do og o ogzd k k g r o odd BW wo an o d d wo ouo

HYSIOLCAL DEFENCE

Infection roues.-"T o wo o dud dg o m w r mu g o ou Ko' ou ormd Man many me or many dea agen a e reu o naaon o aor

aory-prepaed maera (58 ctuay e poa or mavenducon o repaoyacqued necon a een e ocu o aenon

mog r o uj o o o now a va one nd evera exceen revew and conerence proceedng od o u (59-63

Aeroo weapon ave a gr duo d oquo earc w i od A w om

o e vu w vare w w m dg mu g rg oog peca or nonpeccay (64)

Ao o ou qu ud BW revew va vecor T ogca nce e oucome o many war a been deermned y

uc deae a maara and ypu In ac carge a type o warare a een ued agan Cna ave appeared on vera occaon 27 6 ary oog are ao repord o ave aceved a grea dea n e

ed o ma producon o nec or BW uroe (51 d o d Mu urg wod wd oduo o o gug pe mon peod e e equvaent o 135 mon nec ) owr end o e war ere were even pan o producng ou me quany

No e at 2000 veco ave saed o anm moe 00 d o m (67 d o o d om o oud ur BW r A o o wa on necou g mg oug or oog

n one expermen camed o ave een carred ou n a reatvey mo

uoree dc n Forda ( 00000 moquoe were eraed and wa ound at a age porton o e peronne r ud ng n e pace o a coupe o day I ee nec ad carred yeow

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DEFENCES GNS BOLOGCL WFE 647

fv csb f bs s w bby vb fc 6). Tess ves v s 69) e fve 0 ) c s be s s y.

Lines of defen-I s xs s f ys

fc s v by s syx 72) wc sv s ces f cs e 0 y v e s s 50 c 5 . css wc c efc s v s ) wee e s s f sy cs vs) sy cy s css cs ) T scvy f sy c c cc c c f s v b s b vs xs bc ) vss ) . xs ss kys xs Fra

sell tulenss s vy sv 6). He cs cseyes syx e w by ssws c s cs bc ve. s f c wc f f 00 0 7 7 T s v f s wc ss e be eys s v e ccy e e y s c f esy fcvy sz s be s Baclusah s Cxa b, Bua v e ecys )

sc f fc s v by ccy wcp rpp pr rr r rcs sy bcs s v css s fy 5 7 7) ss f csb

e f efece s e csss c ccs e e fe 7 81 f s fec s vc yss e by vc cs cs by cs s vs vs fc yx css y c bcc se

1) y b c vv s ) scss 3) css vsc ys s Qfv ) . cy y wv b f w s c. T f cs s s by cswc s V s bc sy sfc by s v sy c e sy )

Te f e f efcesecc y secc besc b c bcs s e s e s s cs 85 sss v bccwes b s c Ts fc c f b

s z ssby wc s wys bcse s sc f ss.

z y y fs s b f

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10/38

8 HEN

pottial W at ipti of ti out of try (9 Ho thri a limit to t umb o ai aailabl ad to th uatiti of atiih ar tolratd by ma if muh a b aid by puriatio o-utly if it to bom o of th mot importat lmt i

th Wdf 45) a full iuizatio progam ill pobaly bo a gral Wpropylati t m mor aliti to ai at tlmtd goal of muologal oritato agat a multplty of atgrathr ta at a full imuity agait all of tm (8 tllig ifoa-tio about udd additio to t imuoloial prottio hih a x-ptd my i hi o troop ould of ou u a militayaiatio progra

h xit attuatd liig tai uitabl for u a ai aaitmay pottial Wagt (8 (F uaenss aseuaa pess Buceabu bv B. n Rk pwzk ad th iru of ariolayllo fr Vula ui phalomyliti ad poliomyliti adotr a bi dlopd (Wt Nil iu ad mmb of th Ruiapig u iu group Hor u ai oft po prolm oftailty upo toag o t oultplyg atg a alo ougt if thy oaioally alo pt taility polm a i th a of tai agai apa phaliti (8 h oliig ai ragfom th hihly it toxoid (aait ttau dihthria ad botulimad ai ira ad ikttial prparatio aait abi typhuadoru iuza ad Roky Moutai pottd fr or batral

ai (aait typoid holra ad pau to latily iitim muzi agt (agait paratyphoid ad hglloi . I om a yotabl ada ha b mad i military laboratoi hih a fo i-ta laim th dlopmt of a multialt toxoid that i imulta-ou pottio aait th ommo otulium toxi (0 xludi olyo ol typ (8. h ork o otiuou ultiatio ad tat o thohmal a of pathogity i Buea pformd at th Mroolog-ial ar taliht at orto i glad a aatizda to of t mot iiat ada i miobiology mad o th pat yar t a of atra ot th ttig 88 8 ad t ut

ato thod ( r gatly impod i militay laoratoi ad ith a of tularia (91 92 ad Qf (93 military tudi o humaolut pod tial fo th ai aluatio I t latt a tubt r hallgd by maurd lo do of aroolid C bune amiooraim hih omally ah ma ia th piratoy trat mmuiatio prod to b ry ti ad a il do of agi to oaiatd prol oo aft xpou a of om alu pa-tiularly if immuity a prmittd to dlop hil th dia a up-prd t ttrayl h a oato a ad i th a of

ialato atra oy tat it pilli. itlf thi atiiot ill oly dlay t appaa of ypto A far a ma muizato tiqu ar ord th t ito





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DEFENCES AGAINS BIOLOGICAL WARARE 49

h g oiiii u in om uh umi ool vaccao m o a aracv d chq (92, 95-10) whch wol horcay rfra whr h cd chag wll va h rpraory rou 0, 04 n , i y do no on o mo im-pan anan hnu h uur 105. o, ymi ion my u (92 9, 0, 0 h do rn pblm (92 ndmor ndg gadng nabl dan abl and irun ud (58 lo h inrin obl o inrin hpn nhad d (08 h h id o aduan (2) nduh inigain Paulal, h Ruan ud agn mmunzao of anmal and man h dd lng an manl gn anhaxrullo lgu nd ulrm (0 3 nd Amrca udi omd urmi ad Vnzun uin nhlii vaccines (15, 1 ar

hghy rva h coxt of hi PYICA A HEMICA DEFECE

ion i a rruii ny dni ion, nd ca ub-ddd n h lmn: rning mling, and dnan (). Anal rni wll rggr h u o ro rocv uim la aaion drc dfc agai a aroo aackb man xoon or dn a ha a bn dud (2 8)b h n uh mau dul judg

n man a h uln n h ag aa mgh b unaa an

aa unl h appaan nal a bu h nu an nllgn rning rhr ha a or rning in h norml s of hword Howvr om formao abo ymom chmorohyaccrmn, . ould o iud hi ordr o r h r oion

anng uld d on h apparac of diryym (n or ml) hh do no h nom miion wod bpcd o do Aohr warg mgh b h aarac of odgohrod or l num o or a im o n ac hr h

ud n b anpad , ua ban uld n n-u a abl ba, bau a a and d aa mgh b launhdannmu a m h ag aa and al uld pbab b ld ong a din from . Obvoy hre i for anng n ha uld i ommnd dling ih mking, nrighr nd ood mn, nd h kin o mninul m.In h o gd u o d a aak, h m ap roml in oon dn, rg morn, rrin rmr,prva morooca codo ad vary yp o dirion (moing aoary po orc() o or mor prmary cod rad m

aoy or cco c mu all b nded ( Warg dvcha r o ma nd iml ha hy cod iud o ma gro ndiid, on o o din ur h hy nd no ondrd

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12/38

0 HED:N

tua, the roem inoed in the warning agant an aeroo attafor intane, are o formidae that the deeoment mght a or regionaor nternationa ooeaton etween man ountie 120.

he deiaiit of tationing waning deie in high ik" aea woud

e an agument for the artiiation of ome ountrie from the deeoingart of the word A emhaized wthn the ugwah rganzation, internatona ooraton w ao he to redue mtrut etween naton 2122

ne of the tehnia diutie i the noma akgound mateia, foinane, mod oe, and thi hange with the time and ae making tneear to ae a etng of the waning thehod on a horough knowedgeof the oa ituation A far a the United State i onerned, the onenraion of iae aero ateia i uua e than 1 er itre of outdoor

a, and the rotein onent i aout gite 117) Automati warn-ing deie woud hae to meaure ontinou uh minute uantitie of roten or nei aid or oth, and n tef th noe a range of tehnaroem 23. Mreoer the are onten n a narrow raerange woud hae to monitoed

At the eent time i eem neea to omine eea rinie o deeton 2) and to deend on human ntegaton of man fator, nudngmeerogia ondon n order to iu an aarm Man oatedwaning em ae oneiae [ongah ight attering 125 and infrared aorton deet artie ountng, ga homatograh 12, ar-

dneorange taining, enzmati detetion of e wa aanne 127)], ut,onidering the mutitude of oute aaiae for deier and the geat numer of agen whh he enem might hooe, it i high imroae haan tem w eer e ae to reent the ourene of gnant numeof na ae.

he method of amng deend, of oue, on the mateiatuded and uh eaihed miroioogia tehnique a memrane tation or waing, an e ued for wate, mik, foodtu, and o on. oaeoo a arge ariet of ame are ao aaiae 128133 ome of

whih oud e triggeed an ear warning deie and et u to make aie diimination 13 Among eent amer i one tha mmi the ar-tie ie diriminaion of the eiao tat ut i ha a high amingrate and ied a high onentation of e er unit of oeting uid 135).Another ha a er hgh aait oeting 10 m o air er minute into ama amount of uid 13. he atte oen u a whoe new ed ine onemght theoretia detet arone agent n onethouandth of the onentration deteae onentiona amer.

ne it eognized tha a ioogia agent ha een ued, uae eimen, together wth a eort ging a reeant informaton, mut e ruhed

to te aoato n order not to oe utaton tme durng the tranorta oron of the ueed mateia an e ued to inouate uitae meiimmediate afte aming he ae then ent to the aoato in teme

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14/38

652 EtN

sa ass is aml it is ily tat a ass wldwi cat a pmat mmial t s W ci by s sc isi di x 5 wic i ass ca as ismisscas t ts s acciat s maki a at

lily as a w i cv ylcc d vlT idici lby b id ibii f c-c i b dv f ici wic wddc iy w di y b i c l-i wd idic Nw" i. viy d vi isass cilly iy d O'NyNy fv) d yi b j ibl f W y dc f byii Hwv vilc c ccilly b icd ccic idici f c b liid d ibiic ic caasi c 6 6) a it is cai is wa ccivb iy lici f d icbil ic iicl tascti wit c f fc. T ibliy cti stptmcsstat ulaen 65 cl mtit it is lily tat a wi spctm pttia ilica waps alaist i cl pc i a atiiticsstat m

Sp i t iticat pcss is ssta ic iiials wl a t b tai d bc ccilly i mit t a t istitt tamt t im a iica iasis is ma tcas iaa aa amt s sat w smms a

a a cdii bc li 66) mic aas a mtalit cls t 00 c if i id wii 2t 2 s a ps 676) a a am is as imai t cas tlamia isly t sp f iticati qii sc cass is a call t iclis w wl a ly xcil citis cy f cti itis p spa dvic vc ci c) a a mt amt f ri vilb f dy idily f ck clly i f cc icclivi ci 7 im wt mia 7 c c i f ibdi d blckiibdy dii i f f vil i id f i-dy cic bi ci , d iclictciqs i l 7) tt wi al t sppt istmta m accacy d ilify i 7) cmatap 12 a cic aci iati d 75 76) ials s attti t mst ts sm ccd scilal atiy tiq 1 wic ca atmat 1 at t a maa ssitiit t as istac pssil titi tlamia aisms lass sis f a casca imact wic

a pat l w mits at a ct f bci 5lts ai 1 sam tciq as als sccssy mpl t iticati asli a qi cpamyitis i

Annu.

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EFNCES AGAINST BOLOGICA WARAR 653

(179) h gnt h ng Rft V f d b dttd n t t thn 24 h f gtn (179) nddtn th thnq h d t b t nntn tnng thd n th h f th g bd f b (180) n mn t -

t nd ftnbng f ntbd, th nt ntbd thnqm t nd m, t f dnttn ft -m tn f mn tnt bg n 17 181)

h n f httd thd hd nt d th f nntn thnq 171 18 183) h th dt tnng ft hh ght d f nmn g n mt , -tg nmb f bt qd f m nn tb n n th f d, th nntn mthd bb ntt th bkbn bt dgn n tm tm 180 18 185)

Pov Pttn gnt , t g tntdnd n th bt f nt mk nttnth td Mt mk nm t 9999 nt n th t } ng . Mn t mt h bn hn t mmgnm (186) bt th t mk hd b th-gh hkd f k b bg mnt 187) n n ntnt mk b f th n n nd n n-fnt n b ttd n tntk tt ( 117 ) f mk ntb mn hndkhf fdd th b nd hd tght

th th nd n mght m m thn 90 nt f th gnm tht d th b nhd (188) h mn ht t mk,n th th hnd, m n 20 nt (189)

S h n mk k nn nd -n ng f m b hf bt nm bdng tt tn ( 117)

n f td t ttk, dnt t f nt bd nttt thng, t, mtnt (67)

A dmntd nft gnt bt t td f bt nd n nd th t f d mt b ttd th ttn nd dntmntn m t b gn

At th mmnt f ztn th mgnm n nn btd t ndb t n th fm f h d hngtn nd th tn n th fm f d hh n b zd, ttndd b m f (10) h bt f gt n-qnt d d, t th nt ttd (11 192) nd t d n fth dng th ht d n hh thqb h h hmdt n h t hng n t mdt m n ft, dt t t bt f bn t (1

19) nd t h bn ggtd tht th mnt f bnd t n nd tf th t n f th tn tt (95, 9 ,gn gnnt (17 nd tb bb

Annu.R

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16/38

654 :

tae prt ome orgam are very eitive to etremey high or o humiditie (7 198) ut pre ad oe riettia eem to e reaivel reita idiated y outrea of Qfever ad oe plat diae far reovedfro he poi here he parl eae arore ( 199 200) . oever

eve ithi o group of uh iroogaim a he riia he aerooailiy varie fro rlaively high for fever o he relavely lo for k ad zk upio (20). Soe virue like CokieA2 1 might deay a ra of 25 o 50 per e pr miue depedig o heparile ize (202) u ih he proper upedig uid urvival a oaioally irad (20)

uig thei uy i ud gim eed t oge ad irrdiatio. ie mot pthoge uer rapid redutio of viiityhe pod o ligh (204 205) dieiaio uld proay e iited oh hour of dare ad prferay o oo eahr he deay i oer(206). Photoprotetio i a poiiity hih ight e ued i h ae ofaller par

Bede he iologial deay" hih i ariud o uh faor a hoemeioed a aeroo loud i alo uet to phyia deay " i .e . a redui i the eeive parie oeraio reulig fro diluio eligu anall an mpacn upn uac

Amopheri diuio deped upo he meeorologil odiio dthe terr f eo geerated og ie perpediuar to the iddirtio aera diuio i igia oy a he ed of the yidria

oud ad diuo og the id direto doe o tr the toa doe preeted (207) Verti iig o the other had my aue a rpid drop i theprtile oraio ad hi i hy a aerool aak i o lily o our o lear igh he h erh' urfae i ood y radiaio ad herei a id" of arm air o ii the upard movemet of the aroo (208 209) maio ould e iied y he opography of he erra u vrylarge area ight e volved i oalled poar outreak here a 3000 o000fe hi layer of od r ould erv a a arrier for a arool ovigover hudred of mie at peed of 20 to 25 mile per hour (31 32).

Lo of paril a a oeque of elig ou or precpiaio i rela

tively m i he izerage iey to e ued i aerool arfare I ha forite ee etimaed that ih of raifa oud reove oy 10 per of h paril i h 3J rg (209) Alo h lo ed y iptio are proay l u availae te data do ot peri detaied preditio.

h et of BW age aulaed o a eight a re uh tha aaakr i man a an opa or h day v if oly adardproio (76, 2 10214) provided ad due oideraio giv o h phyiologia ae o h miroorga a he i of aerooiaio (21)

ig a oiaio f ga a d alid i ha oil o akaroolied S ary a al a pore o var.g (9) f ere aeroolied he ifeiou doe ould e

Annu.


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17/38

DEEE GT G WFE 655

abou 25 (21 and gh phap aud ha h nng a-pay on hua a o a h a a a do on gua pg Iayh nou do 10 o 20 bu a o abou 150 o 200 hnh aoo ad a ha hou od ( A ay a aou o

aa oud oouy b qud o abh h do o hundd oqua .

hoa auaon ay da h pob o aaoag dngh dpon o 5 t p ko o a upon hodng 10 pa a an aud o 100 aong a 50 ko noudgn a aonab gnao ny an oooga odon and a nd pd o 20 ko p hou up a ynda oudhh oud pa a donnd pon n han a nu (20 ponbahg a a a o 10 p u oud b xpod o abou 150000

pa. h happd a 2 ook n h ong and h a hu-dy had b appopa o h d agn day 2 p pu a aoo h a iou do o 150 ab pa gh bough o au da A nddua xpod a ook oud on hoh hand ony ona h da h agn ud had an nou doo 1.5 pa. A h h oag oud b 000 qua ko

Decomo sfeco.-h gaou an hy oxd(21 and popoao (218 n paua ha aad aon aBW donanan (219. h o du o onan and h onaad aa u b xpod n abn o pa bag 220 h

ga a pna poou aa ha popoaon pa xpod ua akng pay uu o h donanaono ag o pa (221 Doaao o xn aa hadypaa. ah aua day ad y ugh pau ad ao u b d upo (22222.

Agan uppody n d ahopod quky ang nd oudo ou b ud.

MECL DEECE

I a aak o a y a ag dpo o a ao dua o ouaon n an y oud pobaby ak no dtnon bn ayand an popuaon ad oquny h dopn o a adquada dn a poa o h dn o a o h ado (2 ay ppaaon o da da a a qud (2225 nog andby a uh a Pakagd Da Hopaaaab n h d Sa (22 So 2000 uh hopa a a-gay oad ao h on ah bg ab o a o abou 200pan o 30 day.

Ery go-A dad h o o apg o oopa

o bn a ad aboaoy gh du h qud o adago o b ad. h a pha o ay ou da o unhaa ha h u a b dd oy h aboaoy





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18/38

656

e oegeoogss (7 g gv useu s eoso cks vov-g ge such s tulrensis (1 228) pess (229 230), nhrcs(1 C. bune (2 231

Boogc wepos g we pese cc pcue wc i new

unexpected ince exotic o mixed dieae may be induced becaue theagent may cicumvent the nomal oute of enty. t s been poined ouha ceain mied ineion could peen a clinical picue ha might deay he itiution o pope heapy A noneponive viral dieae mightgo ino a ecovey phae imuaneouly with the appeaance o ymptom oa bateial dieae which would lead to high motality i le unteaed( Respiatoy inecion wih the acteia cauing anthx pague ue wou so pouce ee cc pcue o see oy Mc expeece g us e wck sce wou e oexcue pcu goss. Te euco g o ec peoe wo co beoe vove BW eece sou e s s ocoseo

In an aea whee Ad agyp i abent, one would pobably not be aale in diagnoing h ew human ae afe a mall-ale aeool atta wih yellow eve viu a one would be in a egion whee the eenceo e veco uces wcu ue. e e cse oe wo ooo upiciou cae and might even have a ouine o hiological eamination o the live o eople dying within 10 day ae he onet o an eesese 233) udging o ec sues Mw mul eee

opsy coo w uoesce oes g even gve g-oss o yeow eve ug e s ew ys o ess T eeg e-ecy ssoe w s sese (23 wou, oweve o pe wespe use o us bu e ppoc g be vey useu o obg poe bo s oe ecous seses (19

Oe poe eoso wepos wc g oe cues s oh u wh yw fv h y hagen o Venezuelan othe equine encephalomyeliti if alley eve, andocky Mountain poted feve Thi ype of weapon i paticulaly impotan in BW deene ince one mu aume tha an attacke would ega helack o eonday cae a a conideable advanage A compaed wih thoeviue and icketia he agent which ae nomally anmitted a erosos wou cuse seses e oe esy ecoge pscoss Q-eve so, sososs coccooycoss 74)

Ceopopxs nd reen-I wou be pcc wseu, geous o use e sogu ppoc o pcg eveyo o popycc bocs cpo o c 13. Howeve e suog cge soew w e ppece o ogcg bocs 232 d e ou wys be soc o bo speu bocs ve

fo ue when an atack as ocue e ge s ee e o-ideing that tain made eiant to a conventional theapeui appoachmigh well hve been ued the enitivity patten mut alway be dete

Annu.


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19/38

DC I IOLOICL

ind Whn h upply o anibioi and hohrapui i arran hould norally b dlayd unil ha parn aailabl hiin o h hrapy u hn b arully onidrd in oo arly aran ih only uppr h dia [. Qr 2)]; and oo bri anadnirain ih no a ur anhra 9) and ularia 25) hloraphniol and raylin ar i in h ran o rub yphu bu hy ill no prn h dia i adinird in andard dailydo durin h inubaion priod 2 27) n rain a anibioiu b obind ih ainaion i h i o b aiaory iknon or apl ha pniillin pro onky aain pulonary anhra bu ha hi proion i i only a lon a h ran on-inu 9) on h ohr hand, h anial i inoulad durn h anibio ran hn ull proon ay b obaind 2)

uul W aak ill prn all h probl o a aualyran bu drn in a ra r nuriional ll doarla uny ynr or anaon h rard o alady ab-lihd iniou dia oal body irradiaion and poibly hoprophy-lai ill all nd o diribu h a alon a i al hi ill pri arain aur o ar o b proidd by dially unualidor paradial pronnl uh a pharai 226. hi poibiliy u alay bborn n ind in i i unlikly ha noral dial ailii ould a-ur up o h nd ollon a aor W aak pariulary i hi nold an o hih hr a no pa prin h ny ih oour alo launh h aak a a i hn h dial and publi halhal had bn dirupd by lary aon or aurad by ru

dl o ay a nular aak ould rly rdu dial apabl- or nan h pobli o un anuad ain 2) hauulao o aual ar a hal aak h alo rly rduh poibili o opin ih a boloal aak Hor i i by no anrain ha h nir populaion in h ar ara ll bo riouly illand hu h poran o h ik bin ard or by ho ho ar ll hl ioul ill lookin ar hl, and ho ho ar ll bin pro-

d aan pani, anno b orrad 29) h propr handlin o ha ounao da o V and rado pla a nral rol n h onnon

h probl o pronopron ranon o da ar a W aak ould probably b rardd n a drn lh han ould b in pa n h a o allpo or plau an ap ould b ad o nz h rk or unpod upbl ndidual bu or o da iolaon ould probably no b rardd a a aor aor ar a h nda onnd bld ha h aalabl da onrol hodould pr a nan ondary prad proidd ha onnonal ornuar arar had no drupd h publi halh r 26) ab l o prar hih ould orn h dal dn n a W a

Annu.R

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20/38

658

ABE

SOME INFECTON WHCH GHT BE DUCE N BW TTK ON UMN

Roune

rOPhylaS

Dir. Lethb Incubon n t econta ogios8 " Vcc Ano Cho-

hem.

:Adnov co

Alo i etio++


21/38

RR 659

h n n hog ho R V n oonmoh o g n N , o hmgh mo h bi hih g o nhx, boi o gn(4 h obm o n b iniion o o

on n b b oonmh hh o onbii n n m

h n m ng om o ion n g ghig o in oo n mn o h o bo on n hnboo n gn mh n b gin b hig nb o h tion o oo n o b on m om nm n n

h n on h onn o o b onb nb h SS n o oon o gn ABC (244 h

o n o n mn on hn nim In im i ognizion n oton m ok n ii iig ogm Wh g in i qi h o h oib oio. h o bioogi k m h qni -onmion k ng o h g h mho o ng

WAE FOOD, AND POEON

In h oon o non o oo n g o

on gn B h nng o onn ho-ng oon n bognb bhmn n (4245 oo oing ini ii m oi n ok h h o og i o nb bihm.

oniing mo ion mho n h o iiono h hih i h ih mii i h omiio obm i imi o o ii hoii o oi (2 oid hold d oild o xod o hihd hoiio i o ih hbook o Ho ohmho o m m o h om (24

EOAON MEAE

h xo o m nonm o bioogi on m h -hng oog n moog hh non. Pi om i h bi n h nom bon inio g m k nmb o n i. h g o i h moognm hh nom gi nn ih io . . ohg h mhiz o k o ogo h ibii o mn o h mmm bi ti mhibi

in h o b o ig n oo n h h i mb o imon o (24 Wo n n n zono





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22/38

ic oc o endemic dieae e eahed? Woud ceae he a fo poile geneic eoluion o agen in ne diecion ih change in iulenceo ome pecie Would i lih oe po puli hlh and enionmental plem that ae unique and eyond ou peent epeience"

eaing uch quetion in mind i i ceainly ie o e pepaed fo contolmeaue (fo eample moquio deucion) aimed a eoing he nomalecological alance Wihou uh poiiliie n the mo pefect phyicalpocion o n ould e indqu in h i ecome a ii onely ealihed dieae eeoi

III

Suv f ub dsss-ueilnce mean the epidemioloial tudy of a dieae a a dynamic poce inoling he ecology of thenfeciou agen the ho he eeoi and he ecto a ell a the comple mechanm concened in he pead of infecion and the een o hichhi pead occu (2) On he one hand it equie he ytemaic collection of oidi and motali epo togehe ih laoao daa andon h oh i inol h nli inpion nd diuion o hinoion id

Since a pope ueiance pogam mu pemi an eay ecogniion ofang in h 'diea patten and o diiuion i undnl oany W dn hould poide olid ae o h plnnin oonol u uh a accination and o an optimm utiization o the

heapeutic eouce he peed equied in BW defence i uch tha t mayneceae uch hghly ophiicaed appoache a he Command AuomaicDaa oceing Syem CADS) ued y he nied Sae Amy 1)hi poide an accounting yem hich eeal h medal iuation aany gien momen

Sueillance ogam ill ay dependin upon local condiion and houd null id udn o ulnl Cll h oinl ii wh h w uppl nd nionnlh lii cannot p up wih h pid populion goh face dieent polem han hoe caued y he conolled epanion of he eentype megalopoli n oth location poliical ocial and economic factochange the ecological ituation u in dieent ay and thi emphaizehe impoance oca uey in ode o eauae the neabiiy o dien p o BW

o naional ueillance pogam lean heail on the inenaional actiity of the Wod Heath Oganiation WHO) hich in 195 etahean pidemiologcal Sueillance nit in i Diiion of Communicale Dieae he oganiation ha had long epeience ih quaaninale dieaecholea plague elaping fee mallpo typhu and yello fee) in

hich conol meaue ae nomally aed on a comination of he eul ofapid laoaoy diagnoi ih he daa fom immunologica and ecto u

Annu.


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23/38

DEFENCES AGNS OLOGCAL WARFARE 661

y ftor hih r o ignint in W fn urin i o ftur of th ork on y th W nun frn ortori nit i n intgr prt of th orgnition mpign gint mri n n-mi trponmto

Ntion urin progrm ik tt of th ommunib intr of tn in orgi (249 inormtion on irnt i tot gob pitu (poiomyiti inftiou ptiti inun mono-i igoi iphthi t but t t from mny opig r ofth or r inompt Suin of pgu on th bi of ytmtituy of th oogy of t i h for intn bn rri out in SoitRui t Unit Stt n Minn hin but in othr ountri ith ntur foi ongtrm ytmti tuy o not xit (233 t intur tht uh k my y th tton of hng in t i

pttrn initi of W ttk In thniy n oity on thotr hn th nom uin o ommunib i impi tetectn of uh an attac

Obiouy ytmti tuy of t pr of inftion in poputionn ury of rin i u turmi n fr mong ni-m ri out t t ntitut of pimioogy n Mirobioogy inPrgu (250mut proi ufu i for W fn pnning A ntion urin progrm inoing routin immunoogi tting ngu u of o pouon poi b fo topi intigtion hih my ontitut importnt proof to upport of W

gtion hih i not n y mttr (, 25 Prtiury if upport byutomti i (hih ou not nriy h o rpi thomntion unr th hing ry rning" it might ru th rik of nttk bing unh ooprtion tn ountri tht im t impro-ing urin mtooogy mighttogthr ith impro WHO fii-tn t onttut a ry pofu potton gnt niou ttk(252 253 Mutipurpo immunoogi ury r of prtiur igninin thi onntion u if b on tnri thniqu thy pr-mit muh ttr ompion of th pimioogi itution mong popu-

tion iing in irnt nironmnt onition thn o xiting moriity n mortity ttiti ot in ith iy iring fiitifor rporting n ri ritri of ignoi n ury" (233 o b ofr gnn uh ury hou b bro n trnnton n tyou rquir n pnning n t hning fiii for utomtnyi n othr fiiti frqunty yon th rh of m ntionor t ttr h not o fr trut th WHO ith pi poran ponibiti i te BW aea a tane act if on cne tt tiron eat evce a fom aequate in uc onntion ho r-i migh hp o r o pimi hih normy rpon to qurnin

mu but thy ou hry rrt th rift of n roo ou o thpr of rthropo to from mi r h t of u t





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662 HD

tks miht e eyd ntinl undies nd eetive imittinmih euie ets mnitude whih wuld exeed the iliies mny nins. Suh unties shuld e le uy n insune liywhih wud une immedite imi deivees sustnil untiies

f vines nd niitis in se ttk eside vidin esnnel nddve (5)

Sevel the United Ntins seilized enies hve etn metene in the W deene e, hwve. As menined ve, WO n eeted t hve n intees in the ul helh sets ut, in dtn, thFd nd Aiutul Oniztn shuld e nened with lntnimltetn, nd UNO in he ssied si miilil esehumenttin, nd siene liy m this int view ut ls nsidein the itil dnes f immtu intments f inteninl m

mitees study ses BW lleins he esishmen f n indeendent Intentin Miil Aeny s el t the I nteninAtmi ney Aeny (IAA) h ls een nsideed (54) This wuldtie ntl untin in W t he eeul litins miiy inthe sm wy s the nt et uels is tied t the eeul uses mi eney withn the AA

Planning bologcal wrfare dfnce.-I diin t n eetive system ntinde etin infeius diseses, the lnnin BWdeene shuld invlve he etin stndy leisltin mulsyimmuniin, skiin heeutis, etins ext du

i dsetum niits, mill eseh nd, nlly, thesed knwede ut unusu inetins (5) he dministtive mesues nd the tinin esnnel suh s lie ustms es, et, mustvy m uny uny, u weden n e hsen s n iluin the use f n whh is ntu t smll uny (5557)

ee s n weden mmsn n medil shes wih meunde the Detment elth nd whih dintes ll tivities uied y m es nd t idents, esins identl eese hemils, ntue tsthes, et This mmissin is ls esnsile he neessy emeeny mesues t e tken inst m eidemis swell s ins snn v , we, nd d he dun detledtin lns, n the he hnd, is the esnsiiliy seil einl ndhsil mmittees. hese mmittees ee deied tues f mesues t e tken in nume neive siuins. he ein mmitees nside mtes like sundin the m, he distiutin f sesmn ve emen es, nenl mmunns, sse sltin f the stiken e, vidin it with esnne nd tnst iities et The hsitl mmttees, n thei t, ln the lmin hsit esnne, f the istiutin esnsilities, the use med

il suies, inmtin t eltives, ess nd di, the etin ens unde e ee he emeeny ued, nd nlly f eeisin, sin, nd tetmen mss sulties


6.Downloadedfromwww.annua

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25/38

DC I IOLOICL

IEL EC BLCL WE DEECE

T iniiry fr wi inn igia warfar pmn-W b wn wc wd v uc f

ckd cuny undd nd vn ducn nl hvn bn ud n l cl? Th vy dcul un nw bu fllwn n y b cndd

ccl e n cn e n elvy f en jude necey ke u fuy en y hvn y bn lvd

2. ckn cuny n BW dfnce n du hn bn fully d.h xnc hcd l wnn y n cuny

n be en ndc cuny ue nfecu elenvely nce u nve lcl e c wc ulccven y f fence

3 e cncn cl wen e enke u eful le n cune wh f en cc y f vnn

ve f ch n vely le e nc e whch v e BW ven nl n hlle nn whch ve BW cly

5 ll f ccl/ec cn f exl e

un f l n dvn l v ny bn vn u nn n ylcl cun ;

6 e c n nn eclcl cnequence vey cl n ccnlly l c

7. x f pactum pe bd un undcyn cce cneenc f BW e nc vey un ln n ec e f ly hnkn

Hw ln d f c y l wn n clx fundn h le ell u yclcl fc wc undl

Gnv cl f 1925 ll x n nhby nncwv e ve f lk u BW en y n bvey ln bcue ne h n e fce whc v nc uc ek h fwn he e f cey vy w e whc exence eene 58 n fn n n ffuy cn k vn cv W unhnkb n n y b cy h nx 1

T a fr iarmamn wdn c BW dfnc h wl v h bl f cn w nully ccun dWh h b y n bu cnn n cln h w h fnc b y n b nubf c unny h qe knwe n n nn (5) Whhe n ul f nne ecnn ec





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4 HEN

tn w eve eme ete m the s nd med nts vew shweve nthe mtte n the deven ts the wd nd n smesme untes n th the hnd the ut s ess ht nd mutte ntentn tn mht e eued (22) n suh esthe ss e ete s euse the udn nue -t s t t e sw ess nd wens mht e temtnstte tentve. Sne ths ud we uset the dete we newhh nw ds eus ut udment mtnt stt n thewd the suewes mht hve ve e ntest n BW dsmmentnd nt! he shud e n stn t knw tht the wens e ke t emn et nd dut t hnde s t mtmes the the me s the ude the tehn ne smuted ttkhs nstne een med t hve ked ntted sme

endy neut ns t the sme tme tht 75 e ent the snts wee emnted (51 n the suewes shud knw tht u eetv deene m w nve mst htve sts nd nsttute dn n essn u whh hs mn t untns nset nd mht s e nsdee snne the d mshh e nw n mtnt t the en .

Sne the we ne seems t e the n ve d twd dstnt wd de eseved sme st wd venment dsmment eement shud s e ete t suh sme ntnstht hve ehed etn stte mtut. When esnse suentn utht hs eventu een estshed (258) thee mht e esnt ensde the stutn 3 1) hs s euses sn s the sk estn s emnted (see ewthe use nttn wensn evus mssvnted es mht e the utmte nswe t thent suvsve nttn nd t etn the ems wth whh wd venment mht nd tse nnted.

e mst t ems the mtte BW dsmment s mut-t eutn n whh the dstutn tttudes twd the wensentes s ve mtnt eement. hese tttudes ne m ets t

ss BW wens s the mst humne mn ms t ndemntnsu eunne nd m ndntn. As n s we et nventnmethds we thee s vus n sme nswe

Dsussns n the etve m mets nm unn stutnmn nd nue we vesus the use netus ess tuseem ntess wthut eu nn the nne nteests n tems seeessn nd hness th s s the ttke nd the ttede nened Suh te enettn nss s dut ndnd tu the mt mn nd the vee tn. Sue- the wens mht seem eee euse the nude wde ne nttn ents nstne Rt Ve eve 31) ndthe d nt he the us enet ee ht we sste wth nue





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DEEE WE 5

wns w ts s dly nu t n t d t t us snt yun t ldly nd t nm my m tlts nd t nds ut t nlud nts mtlty nstn Ainobaius m ulnum txn 31) sl dlymnt uss mt

l dn t J d 9) tnl tt nst t wlss s unntl mutnt ms ud wll dl On t us l wns m tl t umn" sts wuld ls st y n lmst ntl sltn In t ts s t stnst umnt dsmmnt nd ntl t W 1 n umnttt wuld sm t nl ut n t smnly mst tl sns dln ns ll wns Amn t umnts Wdsmmnt s t n tt must ls msz t ltly unsltts ll wns n ltt utns.

ntl Homo sapns dls ll nsn mn wl usly n

tnu t d n tt ty t dm m wnt nd dm m T un nd t t ntuy sms ndd t my ts nd ll dutd duts w t t wn twn nd ntns wt ndn t s n t snslty t nts w nw ntl u nts t wll d wns w d t tu's wn ll systm Mns susswt ll ntl sts nd nsts ndts d w s tnlyln ltu nt nssly us l nts nsl ndl smll nd tst us t dn wll n xst xt n

t mnds sm ttns. Wt dtmns t tttud t uts t t t tt ts wns wl n slt nu t st ndduls w nt snsl t stutn w ds tmAs M s Wst s ut t 6) A ld s n lts A ld s nntnlty H s nly t t t l t t t I ts t dnd t s m nst umnty nd y nst mn musts s nst t." T m umnt n us usd ntny t mdn mss dstutn wns ut t s y sl sn nst t dlmnt l wns It s tt ty m msm t lst nd st td stlsmnts ld

ly n t wld tdy nd unl t mlty stsmnts tywudu n mj nzt n d t swt mst t tts t ly nstut t w t st sts n t ldyn tn 61 T tntl mty mly s lusttd y tsl sn" ns nst ws dss wl lu nd ndst d dnst nd tut tds nd s n (2 )

T Amn nt W t Dtk n d nMylnd s snt st 1 Ds 11 Ms 3 's 34D.V.M's nd 14 MDs. It us 13 s lnd nd s usd n uldn mx lud t $ 11) Ts ndts tt ldmy wuld y n u y st n mss As s





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HEDN

Bitian is onened it has been suestd tha the miita MiobiooiaReseah Estabishent at Poton shoud be haed ih untions in ndustia mioioogy (6

Pubi eah oud e Biooia Waae n evese" (, beausemos o the eots hih go ino th deeopent o weapons oud equay

e be appied to the deveopent o new vaines, new adinisation tehniques, and othe mehods eeant to disease peention, hih s suh anpoant ao n the ndusaaton poess o he deveopng ounies is tue that BW in eese ight tend to aeeate the popuation exposion" ut it oud aso povide new answes to some poems in amiy pannin d imunoogia onto of spe podution To deny its potentiaoud aso e to deny the ipa o antiiotis deveopment on pui eathand hsbandy o biooia inse onto and seed nouation on autue and o the ementation tehnoogy and ood mioioogy on he po-

dution o nutients he oneene : Goa Imats o Aed Mioioog," hed in tohom n 96, eed as a eminde o the sinane oappied mioioogy to the deveoping ounties o the od (6, 64Reaizn his, UNE has aunhed an amitious ioioogia pogaand a nube o indiidua ounties hae inuded iobiooia eotsin thei aid poas thei signiane an be onusivey poven an ithe desie o bene beoes ston enouh in the deeopin ounies theymih, pehaps, be indued to aept W onto and inspetion as a ahin onibution towad a astepan fo peaefu deeopment Afe athe nenationa Atoi Ene Aen equies onto o the ue assinhouh the eatos hih i sets up

Control an insption problm-ieent types o nonoieation teaties in the BW aea have een oposed (9, 6 but, n the osta peiod,the United tates has eome ineasingy uniing to aept teaties etitig amaents if the do no eody he pinipe of aeue inspetion Wih ead to biooia and heia weapons, the oia attitudehas ben that eeti ontos on iooia and heia weapons ayhae to await nenationa aeemens wih neessay saeuads (hee s, howee, a onsensus of opinion, epessed in the Soiet and West

en poposas fo enea and opee disaaent to the eet that boog-ia and hemia weapons shoud eventuay be sujet to onto. o fa,one has no, howee, oe to th the oidae tehnia poemshih oud aomany an ageemen edue o ohi biooi andhemia weapons" ( To insue against he deiey o biooa eaponsin a disaed od might poe o e ipossibe, oing to the any deiveysystes aaiabe o the potentia use nspetion nudin egistation osieni pesonne, aouning o ateias, sa onos, and isits to oneiabe podution and estin aiities aso invoves exeey diuobems ( 66 oee i an eien syse o the euaion o eseahand deveopent and o ethods o peventing estin and andestinestokping annot e poposed, t s not ikey hat nations i be pepaed

Annu.


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EEE I OLOL E 66

t dsm h uwsh nn y cnzd ts (26)nd n cnt ys hs td sc W study u t nyz thmtt. A s n th mttn c wns dmnt 65)nd ts n th ssctd nt ms 68) nd duttnnds 69) d s h s n th dntn twn ns nd dns sch n th W ) n dcsstn )nd n th mns t ud nst th ty ctn nwycud mcc knwd ). Fny th Puwsh study uhs td n W tctn thuh ntnn ctn 2) nnsctn tn 23), nd n th tchnus usu n th ttcnnctn 23) A ss xmnt nsctns h s n d n u cunts n d t n ctc xnc 24) hsstudy hs nt yt n cncudd, ut th nscts h c t th cn-cusn tht th ssts n t sny ct cnt sys-

tm tt thn ny xctd 54 ) Fny, th IntntnInsttut c nd nct Rsch (IPRI hs nttd stystuds dn wth y wnn dcs , nd wth thds th dtctn mt c wns tstn 26)

nt nd nsctn n th W s hdy ss wth d tst unts, ut sc ty ts y nt syt hd nstn th Pn u Asn n Aknss wh wns 31) ducd, s w s txcchmc nd t cnt muntns, cs sm 15 , cs 12) cts d tstn wud sm t

n m dcut t cnc. h Duwy Pn Gund s n xmccuyn n n Uth thn th stt Rhd Isnd 1) Ahh ntnsty s dtn mht h t cct th c dcyn such ctn ) ut nctd nms ht unctn s n ds-s ss 8) nd s cnsms mht s sstnt thtthy wud dtct y n sn tchnus n dsnd t cnsd dstncs m th tst st 6) A hh d sstnc hs nsnc, n sd n th cs nthx whch wsusd W xns n th s snd Gund th nthwstcst Sctnd, dun Wd W II . At cnt study D. G. G-

dn Smth std tht ths snd my mn ntd ys 2) w, th cnt nd nsctn ms stn cus

h s nthn ut ductn cty whch wud ncssy shw nth utsd h udns, nd xtns d tsts mht std ctyn n s nsunty, n ntnc ctty wud h t t th t 69). u ct unthdx sutn nttsmht s ud such s nstnc, ntntnztn th cc ssn 269) dn dtc unty nd wds dscsu ty tns cnty t nt 9) F

th tc nt w hw, mht nt ncssy t h n -suty k sysm h mst nt scts ht und nsd cts h ns f cnt nd sctn ssm wud

Annu.R

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668 HD

ue ns ud el edue msus n nns ndey uld ed e el see e eld (1)e d e eemes med nu e des W es d m e sed es eyud e y . su ess sesme ud e esed

e ues s um ey d ey ud s eee euede e s dy em see s es s nennl dsues Te l des s e u eeuy wen sses ele wee eded y dne d nn u n m d l d we mul w u m un we e n b mum nd mel esues e nened.

CNOEGEMEN

e u s ndeed D H Mul e eds Deee Rese ssme (OA) e me summed n e d see exs e n esly esse He s ls en m elulde nd nbued nsue s Te eds l DeeneMedl De D W vn Geyez D R. nesed e nennl Pee Rese nsu (PR) nd e ebes of e euemmee e weds Mbl ey e s swn smuln ees nd mde numbe luble mes.

Annu.


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Sergeyev, V M aaev SMishcheno, V. V, Shlyahov, E.N. Zh Mrb d munb. SS (Engl tnsl)32 22 (6

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b SS (Eng. tns) 7-2 61 0 Muromev S , Byuk

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Annu.R

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2 HED

Z. Mrl Epdeml mmunol UR (En!. tn! 2589-94 (1961)

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1 eo of Study ou on BooaWae Pr Puw o. Wrld Aar t 4 enItly Aprl ()

23 Cheos N D urra -permetat (Intesci. Pubs.New Yk Lndn 351 pp.

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Has M. M. Decke H. MBuhnn L. M. Dhen MSampln Mcoboocal AeososU u Hea er Mgrap (193)

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(1959)3. Shipe E. L Tyle M. E Chpman

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o Cal., 40 pp, 1963)159. i W Dmc P Rosn

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