definition l. pries 9-2002 ruhr-universität bochum the spatial spanning of the social...
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Definition
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The Spatial Spanning of the SocialTransnationalism as a challenge and chance for social science(s)
Ludger Pries
International Workshop
Transnationalism: New Configurations of the Social and the Space6th and 7th of September 2002
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
1. The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation 2. Concepts of Space and of units of the Social3. Ideal-types of Internationalisation4. Transnationalism as a research programme
Definition
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Globalisation as Spatial Widening of Social Relations
”Globalisation [...] as the intensification of world-wide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.” (Giddens 1990, p. 64)
NationState
FeudalEmpire
Tribe
Globalisation
The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation
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Globalisation as Annihilation of Space/Shrinking of the World
„constraints of Geography recede“ (M. Waters)
„compression of our spatialand temporal worlds“ (D. Harvey)
The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation
Definition
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The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation
Transnational family Doña Rosa
Doña Rosa
Mexiko geb.Transmigrant
Mexico born.Non-Migrant
Mexico bornRe-Migrant
Mex-USA-Mex
-- -
USA bornNon-Migrant
Mexico born Emigrant
MEX-USA
Guadalupee
Puerto Rico born
Migrant
Antonio First
Generation
female
male USA bornEmigrant
USA-MEX
USA bornTransmigrant
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Worked out by Fernando Herrera, adapted by Ludger Pries
Definition
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1970 1980 1990 2000
Puebla region
Rest of Mexico
New York region
Rest of USA
1960
Boarder line
Beginning of event
Social texture US-americ. society
Social texture Mexican society
New pluri-localtransnationalsocial texture
Work and Migration Trajectories of 9 Mexicans
The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation
Definition
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The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation
Definition
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Absolutist concept of container-spacespace has its own genuine existence, and maintains his
characteristics without relation to other objects
Containerspace
Concepts of Space and of units of the Social
Definition
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Width
Relativist concept of space framework of positional relation of elements/objects,
has no genuine existential quality by its own
Concepts of Space and of units of the Social
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Social space: • social practices of everyday life, • symbolic systems and institutions,• socially built and spatially coagulated artefacts
Geographic space: positional patterns (equi-distribution, centre-periphery-concentration, matrix or linear distribution, distances etc.) of physical elements (mountains, trees, buildings etc.)
Concepts of Space and of units of the Social
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national societynational
tribe/communityregional
local
Geographic Container Spaces Social Container Spaces
neighbour-hood/family
Absolutist concept: Nation-state-based society
Concepts of Space and of units of the Social
Definition
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“society, generally, a group of people who share a common culture, occupy a particular territorial area, and fell themselves to constitute a unified and distinct entity.” (Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, 1998, p. 625)
Society: “1. the totality of human relationships. 2. any self-perpetuating human grouping occupying a relatively bounded territory, having its own more or less distinctive CULTURE and INSTITUTIONS, for example, a particular people such as the Nuer or a long- or well-established NATION-STATE, such as the United States or Britain.” (Harper Collins Dictionary of Sociology, 1991, p. 467)
Concepts of Space and of units of the Social
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national societynational
tribe/communityregional
local neighbour-hood/family
Relativistic concepts of spatial-social-frames
Different social spaces in the same geographic space
societynational
communityregional
local family
societynational
communityregional
local family
societynational
communityregional
local family
One social space in different geographic spaces
Concepts of Space and of units of the Social
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Inter-Nationalisation
Ideal-types of Internationalisation
N1
N2
Definition
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Supra-Nationalisation
Inter-NationalisationN1
N2
Ideal-types of Internationalisation
Supra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
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Supra-Nationalisation
Inter-NationalisationN1
N2
Supra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
Ideal-types of Internationalisation
Re-NationalisationFormer N1
N1-1 N1-2
N1-4N1-3
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Supra-Nationalisation
Inter-NationalisationN1
N2
Globalisation
Supra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
Ideal-types of Internationalisation
Re-NationalisationFormer N
1N1-1 N1-2
N1-4N1-3
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Supra-Nationalisation
Inter-NationalisationN1
N2
Globalisation
Glocalisation
Supra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
Ideal-types of Internationalisation
Re-NationalisationFormer N
1N1-1 N1-2
N1-4N1-3
Definition
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Supra-Nationalisation
Inter-NationalisationN1
N2
Globalisation
Glocalisation
Supra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
Ideal-types of Internationalisation
Re-Nationalisation
Diaspora-Internationalisation
Former N
1N1-1 N1-2
N1-4N1-3
Definition
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Supra-Nationalisation
Inter-NationalisationN1
N2
Globalisation
Glocalisation
Supra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
Ideal-types of Internationalisation
Re-Nationalisation
Diaspora-Internationalisation
Former N
1N1-1 N1-2
N1-4N1-3
L1
L2
L3
Transnationalisation
onecoherent
place/absolutistterritories
Multi-sited
relativisticterritories
Definition
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4. Transnational social spaces are pluri-local, multiple, nation-states-spanning social figurations composed by social practices, symbols and artefacts with a density and stability relatively high in comparison to other social spaces.
1. In the 21st century the relation between geographic space and social space is being restructured in multiple ways.
2. To understand these changes we have to combine abso- lutist and relativistic approaches of space.
3. Terms like community and society are often used with an absolutist bias of mutual and exact overlapping and exclusiveness of geographic and social space.
Transnationalism as a research programme
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Transnationalism as a research programme
Inter-NationalisationN1
N2
Supra-NationalisationSupra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
Re-NationalisationFormer N
1N1-1 N1-2
N1-4N1-3
Globalisation
Glocalisation
Diaspora-Internationalisation
Transnationalisation
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Transnationalism as a research programme
...regarding migration• it changes the content and focus of incorporation• it changes the reasoning for double citizenship• it focuses on transnational solutions for conflicts
Significance of a transnationalism appraoch
...regarding transnational companies• it focuses not simply on finance capital and production movements, but the social driving forces beyond them,• are there really TNCs and which are their feitures?
...regarding political regulation• which types of interest regulation and control emerge?• how interact the different types of internationalisation?
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Definition
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1. The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation
Four types of international companies according to:Bartlett, C./Ghoshal, S., 1989: Managing across Borders:The Transnational Solution. London: Century Business
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1. The need of reconsidering the Social-Space-relation
Lewis, Martin W./Wigen, Kären E., 1997: The Myth of Continents. A Critique of Metageography. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Pres, p. 186f
World-regions or ‚civilisations‘
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Definition
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regional
local
national
regional
local
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Inter-Nationalisation
Figures of Internationalisation
N1
N2
Supra-Nationalisation
Globalisation
Supra-N
N1 N2
N4N3
3. Figures of Internationalisation
Entwicklung des internationalen Personenflugtransports
2,5
6
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
0
7
Beförderte Passagiere (in Mio.)
Gesamtflugstrecke (in Mrd. km)
Weltbevölkerung (in Mrd.)
Quelle: ICAO Air Transport Reporting