delegate...

Organized by the Faculty of Humanities

and Social Sciences, University of Bath

Thursday 25th – Friday 26th June, 2015

Location 4E, University of Bath

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Changing Lives, Changing Worlds postgraduate conference Thursday 25

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POINTS OF CONTACT (Online) Homepage: fhsspostgraduateconference.weebly.com

Twitter: Follow us on #bathpgc

email: [email protected]

POINTS OF CONTACT (Offline) Main building: Location 4E, University of Bath

(see map, inside back cover) University security: 24-hour,front desk of the Library

UNIVERSITY OF BATH SECURITY

For emergencies only: (01225) 383 999

or internal extension –666

All other enquiries: (01225) 385 349

or internal extension – 5349


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Keynote speaker: Dr John Troyer

Grad School Nirvana: Everything No One Tells You about Academia before You Graduate

While finishing my Ph.D. at the University of Minnesota, my Ph.D. Supervisor (Professor John Archer) told me that many academics remember Graduate School as the best of times. I told him that I thought he was crazy. Now, I completely understand what he meant. My talk will open up a series of points on pursuing research that I think all Ph.D. students should think about when entering the academic job market and universe.

Bio Note: Dr John Troyer is the Deputy Director of the Centre for Death and Society

at the University of Bath. His interdisciplinary research focuses on contemporary memorialization practices, concepts of spatial historiography, and the dead body’s relationship with technology. Dr. Troyer is also a theatre director and installation artist with extensive experience in site-specific performance across the United States and Europe. He is a co-founder of the Death Reference Desk website (http://www.deathreferencedesk.org), the Future Cemetery Project (http://www.futurecemetery.com) and a frequent commentator for the BBC. His forthcoming book, Technologies of the Human Corpse (published by the University of North Carolina Press), will appear in 2015.

http://www.deathreferencedesk.org/

http://www.futurecemetery.com/


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Timetable – Thursday 25th June

9:00 - 9:45 Registration(& coffee)

4E Level 3 Foyer

9:45 -10:55

Welcome Address by Professor Stephen Gough Associate Dean (Graduate Studies)

in the Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences

Keynote: Dr John Troyer

4E 3.10

11:00-12:25

Session 1

Understanding Pain and Relationships

Chair: Anna Csernus

Discussant: Dr Joe Walsh

New Technologies,

New Worlds

Chair: Gus Bosehans Discussant: Dr Nina Parish

4E 3.38 P8 4E 3.10 P10

S. Wang R. Edwards

H. Heath

K. Bozukova E.A. Skoulikari

12:30-13:25 Lunch

4E Level 3

13:30–16:15

Session 2

Education

in a Changing World

Chair: Faisal Al Saidi Discussant:

Dr Harry Kuchah Kuchah

Imagining Communities

Chair: Andrea Delgado Discussant: Dr Sam Carr

4E 3.38 P11 4E 3.10 P15

A. Lewis

E. Polymenakou

I. Costas Batlle N. Stutter

G. Bosehans


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Break 15:00 – 15:15

E. Stevens P. Lazetic

C. Smith N. N. Tarun Chakravorty

16:15-16:45 Break

16:45-17:45

Session 3

Workshop (Public Engagement with

Dr Helen Featherstone and Ed Stevens)

4E 3.10

19:30

Drinks & dinner

*(The venue will be confirmed upon booking)

*Dinner costs £5 per person.

Stay after dinner for an entertaining Pub Quiz and win a prize!


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Timetable – Friday 26th June

9:30–9:55 Registration and Coffee

4E Level 3 Foyer

10:00-12:00

Session 4

Voices of Youth

Chair: Ioannis Costas

Discussant: Dr Aurélien Mondon

Contemporary Challenges

in International Cooperation

Chair: Jaime Kim

Discussant: Dr Brett Edwards

4E 3.38 P19 4E 3.10 P22

F. Sutto B. Bowman A. Gearon

S. Sauerteig T. Chika-James

M. Romano M. Cacciatori

12:00-12:55 Lunch

4E Level 3

13:00–14:55

Session 5

Discourse and Society

Chair: Milena Romano

Discussant: Dr David Moon

4E 3.10 P25

J. Jackman L. David Evans N. Chi Hang Li N. Shaftelskaya

15:00-15:15 Break


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15:15-16:15

Session 6

Workshop (Careers with Dr Anne Cameron)

4E 3.10

16:15-17:15

IGNITE

Drinks & snacks

4E 3.10

F. Al Saidi A. Delgado A. Csernus

L. Cahill

*drinks & snacks to begin at 16:45


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Understanding Pain and Relationships Spatial frequency information in identification of pain expressions as a function of exposure time Shan Wang, University of Bath Being able to detect pain from facial expressions is critical for pain communication. Alongside identifying the specific facial codes for pain, there are other types of more basic perceptual features. For example, early stage of visual analysis consists of the extraction of visual elementary features at different spatial frequencies (SF). Low spatial frequencies (LSFs) convey coarse elements, and high spatial frequencies (HSFs) convey fine-details. In clear and intact representations (conveyed by broad spatial frequencies, BSF), both LSFs and HSFs are available. Pain expressions could be identified in challenging visual conditions, with limited SF information, and the LSFs play a more prominent role in terms of identification accuracy. A series of studies, including a fast identification study and a series of hybrid studies, were conducted to further investigate the role of SFs in identification of pain facial expressions as a function of exposure time. We found the LSF information functions to form up a rapid (exposure of 33 msec) and salient impression of expressions of pain, which provides the basis for pain face decoding that is progressively refined when the HSF information is integrated, which requires more time (up to 150 msec) to be adequately extracted and perceived. Do interpersonal relationships impact on the reporting of pain? Rhiannon Edwards, University of Bath Pain is a subjective experience, therefore, it is important that pain is communicated accurately. Research suggests that the relationship between individuals experiencing pain and observers can impact on how pain is communicated. The current studies investigated whether the precise nature


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of the dyadic relationship is important when reporting pain. Study 1 recruited 48 dyads; 24 friends, 24 strangers. Study 2 also recruited 48 dyads; 24 same-sex friends, 24 opposite-sex friends. In all dyads, one participant completed the pain induction task, one participant observed. Participants who completed the pain induction task verbally reported their pain threshold and tolerance on the cold pressor task. Both studies concluded males reported less pain than females. Additionally, the presence of an observer can increase pain threshold and tolerance. In study 1, pain tolerance increased more in the friend’s condition than in the stranger’s condition. Study 2 revealed the biggest increase in pain tolerance was when the dyad was a same-sex male friendship. Our results support previous literature on sex differences in pain, and indicate that social relationships play a role in how pain is reported. Future research should examine why the dyadic relationship and sex of the observer matters when reporting pain. Developing a support tool for the friends of those who self-harm Hannah Heath, University of Bath It has been well established that young people who self-harm seek support from their friends (Evans, Hawton & Rodham, 2005), and friend self-harm is the biggest short- and long-term predictor of own self-harm (Hasking, Andrews & Martin, 2013). Yet, research has largely ignored the experiences of the friends, and as such the support tools designed for them are predominantly focussed on giving advice for supporting the person who self-harms. In this presentation I will discuss my findings from a series of focus groups with the friends of young people who self-harm, and support providers. A support tool aimed at providing support and guidance for the friends was developed from these focus groups. The support tool has sections on, what self-harm is, how to support the self-harming friend, what the friends might be experiencing, and what the friends can do to support themselves. This support tool has implications for how young people who have a friend who self-harms can be better supported and need to be


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considered as a vulnerable population, and something other than “gatekeepers” to those that self-harm (Klingman & Hochdorf, 1993, p. 123).

New Technologies, New Worlds Vlogging for a living - the rise of the “personality” economy Katya Bozukova, University of Bath According to various news outlets, vlogging is the new employment goldmine. The success of Internet stars like Zoella, Tanya Burr, and Fleur de Force, who launch their own books and beauty lines, might lead one to think that we can all make a living off being ourselves online. In an economy where graduate unemployment is high, turning your blog or YouTuBe channel into your full-time job is very tempting. Departing from the notion of the knowledge economy, I argue that we are seeing the development of a new sub-segment: where branding comes from one’s online persona, and the draw is the idea that you’re getting recommendations from your best friend; a personality economy is on the rise. I also explore some of the questions associated with it: Can anyone become a YouTuBe celebrity, or does it take more than a webcam and access to the Internet? What is the price tag put on personality, and, more importantly, what kinds of tax do you pay? Is this a sustainable model? And, most importantly, how do you define privacy when living your life in public is your profession? The use of Novel Technologies in Educational Assessment at Primary Schools Eleni Anna Skoulikari, University of Bath


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Assessment is one of the most important aspects of an educational system, as it offers information of learning, guides the progress and performance of students and illustrates understanding of the curriculum. However, research suggests that current practices of assessment don’t link to the requirements of today’s students. Assessment should be updated in order to be able to illustrate what students have learned in similar ways to how this knowledge was acquired. It is also a fact that traditional methods of assessment, such as tests and oral exams, provoke students stress and emotional upsets that influence their performance and thus, the result, which most of the times is a grade or a general classification of their abilities. Following the above-mentioned statements, this research focuses on how novel technologies could be exploitable in educational assessment at the level of Primary Schools in order students instead of taking a typical handwritten paper-based exam, which requires memorization skills, could test and actually apply their knowledge in a real context situation using a digital device, like a tablet or a mobile phone. More specifically, the first study explores the perceptions and experiences of students and teachers regarding the interplay between technology and assessment as it is formed nowadays.

Education in a Changing World Well-being in the curriculum: is it caught or taught? Alyson Lewis, Cardiff University In 2008, well-being explicitly appeared for the first time in the curriculum placing a different expectation on practitioners working with 3 to 7 year olds in Wales. This study examines the perceptions and practices of well-being in the curriculum with teachers and teaching assistants. Well-being is a complex concept, the discourse confusing and there is limited consensus across the disciplines. Applying well-being in a classroom context is under-researched. The study draws upon the work of Bernstein and the concept of two


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curriculum types. This is an exploratory qualitative study where focus group discussions and practitioner interviews took place. 342 hours of observations also took place in two different schools. Findings indicate that the perception of well-being has not necessarily changed since the new curriculum in 2008. Practitioners think that well-being is unnaturally placed as an Area of Learning. It is more commonly viewed as something caught not taught. Well-being is not (yet) conceptually embedded as something that practitioners should timetable, teach and be accountable for despite this being the intention of the Welsh Government. The study attempts to provide clarity in delivering well-being. Developing also an educational well-being discourse and calling for more collaboration between stakeholders. Intercultural Competence and Foreign Language learning as Internationalisation at Home pedagogical strategies at the Greek University Eva Polymenakou, University of Bath In an era of rapid change and globalisation, universities have been increasingly incorporating Internationalisation aims in their strategic plans. Among other desired learning outcomes of internationalisation initiatives are students´ development of intercultural competence and foreign language communication skills. These can be vital for the preparation of tomorrow´s global citizens on a personal and professional level within and across boundaries of diverse communities in a changing world. Study abroad has been shown to yield linguistic and intercultural competence gains, but the numbers of students involved are not large. This is where Internationalisation at Home (IaH) comes in as a potentially more accessible pedagogical philosophy that could reach all Higher Education students at home. The presentation will involve a discussion of the research that has been conducted in this field to date and the rationale, objectives and methodology of my current PhD research project. My study will seek to explore intercultural and foreign language learning opportunities at the Greek University and will examine the possibility that they may constitute aspects of an IaH pedagogy. The focus will be on students’ perceptions of those


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educational experiences and the interrelationship of identity, language and culture. The research approach will be predominantly qualitative, possibly ethnographic. How will impact affect you? Ed Stevens, University of Bath This research explores the influence of the research impact agenda in higher education on the academic identity of social science researchers. The research impact agenda in the United Kingdom’s (UK) higher education sector has, through structures such as the Research Excellence Framework (REF) and the ‘pathways to impact’ section of Research Councils’ funding proformas, become a feature of the academic contract (Watermeyer, 2014(a): 359). The agenda is marked by a blurring of the boundaries between knowledge held in the academy and that in wider society. There is (contentious) recognition of “the importance of different forms of knowledge – both professional and lay – as they inform the policy process” (Gaventa & Cornwall, 2008: 183). Such recognition intimates a social contract between the academy and society (Martin, 2012: 543). But what impacts might this social contract have on the academic identity of researchers particularly, of early career researchers? For example: • How might it affect notions of ‘intellectual freedom’, about how researchers think of themselves? • How well-positioned are researchers from varied academic disciplines to engage with the impact agenda? • Does impact rhetoric disadvantage early career researchers in relation to senior? These broad issues will be discussed before strategies addressing them are advanced. Higher education graduates and quality of their jobs in Europe Predrag Lazetic, University of Bath The proposed paper analyses the problem of job quality within growing highly educated labour force in Europe based on the REFLEX and HEGESCO graduate


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survey data. The paper proposes the taxonomy of graduate job types five years after graduation and analyses the distribution of job types in different European countries and their employment regimes. This research understands job quality as a multidimensional concept and a combination of job characteristics (wage, type of contract, skill requirement and utilisation, reported level of autonomy in work, reported level of job security, work effort etc.) Job quality can be defined as the extent to which a job has work and employment-related factors that foster beneficial outcomes for the employee, particularly psychological well-being, physical well-being and positive attitudes such as job satisfaction (Green, 2006; Warr, 1990. Operationalised in the terms of good and less good graduate jobs this means that a good graduate job represents a job in which objectively good job features produce high job satisfaction. Further analysis is aimed at understanding the quality of the jobs that graduates are undertaking in growing “knowledge intensive” sectors in these countries. Quantitative trend analysis based on occupational categories alone might be misleading, as to the quality of the work graduates are undertaking if they are allocated to occupational categories where there has been a fundamental change in the nature of work (Holmes et al, 2012).

Imagining Communities Youths in poverty, social justice, and the dark side of charities Ioannis Costas Batlle, University of Bath UK charities are often perceived as wholesome organisations because their remit is to offer a public benefit. Despite a veneer of purity and altruism, there is a dark side to charities that rarely surfaces and is often kept out of the public eye. In this talk, I will recount my experience of working with a UK sports charity that supports disadvantaged youths from impoverished backgrounds. Based on autoethnographic research, these experiences will


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take the form of a narrative where I will intertwine observations with personal insights. The data in my story will serve to illustrate how the reality charities contend with is far more complex, regulated, and fast paced than what we might otherwise think. The implications of my findings and experiences add another layer to the ongoing conversations about social justice and young people: to what extent can charities actually achieve social justice for both youths in poverty and their communities? Exploring the social life of street food in Hanoi, Vietnam Natalia Stutter, Cardiff University The overwhelmingly visual, olfactory and auditory nature of the street food environment invokes an imagery of streets lined with stalls, vendors pushing carts and people sitting around chatting and eating. Street food usually exists because of a high demand for tasty, affordable and accessible food; it also offers valuable employment opportunities for those with little formal education or skills. However, to date there has been relatively little research conducted on the phenomena from a social perspective. Focusing on the practice of street food vending in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam, this research builds upon the current work conducted on street food and street vending. In light of the rapid urbanisation taking place in and around Hanoi, the aim of the research is to explore whether street food is indicative of a socially sustainable environment within society. Eight key themes of social sustainability, identified in the literature, were used to develop a mixed methods research design which consisted of two surveys, semi-structured interviews with key-stakeholders and observations. This paper provides an overview of this doctoral research, it illustrates some of the findings and identifies which themes of social sustainability are most pertinent to the selling and consuming of street food. From “True Captives” to “Aspiring Environmentalists”: Can overarching types of travellers be distinguished across modes?


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Gustav Bosehans, University of Bath When people engage in the same behaviour, such as driving, this does not automatically mean that they share the same attitudes or values. Consequently, travel behaviour market segmentations have become a popular method of identifying different types of car users, cyclists or public transport users. However, so far, an integration of the accumulated evidence has been lacking. Furthermore, while research has looked at different types of users within single modes, such as the car, little research has explored the existence of traveller types transcending modes. The present study is, to the authors’ knowledge, a first attempt at the integration of some of the most prominent segmentation research to date. In addition, an independent segmentation study using a combination of hierarchical and iterative partitioning methods was performed within the scope of a bi-annual University Travel Survey at the University of Bath. The findings suggested the presence of several, fairly distinct, traveller types. Arguably, there is no right or wrong answer in terms of the number of traveller segments. However, the extracted groupings showed some strong overlap with existing segmentation research. Future research efforts should focus on the further consolidation of the current findings and test their applicability in real-world applied settings. Psychological factors influencing the development of community-economic initiatives Carmen Smith, University of Bath Environmental challenges remain unresolved and the interconnected nature of these with other economic, geopolitical and social risks is highlighted (World Economic Forum, 2014). The emergence of more localised solutions is pushed by the potential failure of a global monetary reform policies and climate change frameworks. As such, this study investigates paths to developing sustainable and resilient livelihoods at a local level. Selected community-economic initiatives are an Ecovillage, Time Bank and Local


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Exchange Trading Scheme. These unique and recently emerging community-economic models are a novel subject for research in this interdisciplinary field. They are an evolving social experiment in sustainability, representing new ways of working together towards the vision of a sustainable world. The contribution of this research is to further understand the psychology of group membership as well as documenting the evolution of the chosen initiatives as dynamic social systems. This paper demonstrates how group experiences coalesce into group cultures and larger social movements i.e. how these evolving patterns relate to social change at the grassroots. Impact of Immigration on Output, Employment and Wages In the United Kingdom N N TARUN CHAKRAVORTY, University of Bath Following the current debate on the impact of immigration in the UK economy a strong motivation was felt to carry out a new study using the most recent data when inflows of immigration have increased significantly in recent years. The general wisdom builds our hypothesis that immigrants exert beneficial effects for natives; motivation for conducting this study, therefore, also includes a desire to influence the policy making of the British government so that workers, students and graduates from densely populated developing countries may enter this country easily. From the wide study of existing literature on this issue, it has been learned that impact of immigration on the labour market outcomes depend on many factors such as average ages of locals and immigrants, size of the skill-group population, types of skills of immigrants, complementarity and substitutability between the immigrants and residents, flexibilities of labour market and output market, elasticity of the supply of labour, entrepreneurship and amount of capital brought in by immigrants, inter-regional migration and so on. The effects of immigration on the UK economy have been examined in various ways and the variables on which this impact has been investigated are GDP, growth, wage and unemployment. Firstly, a time-series analysis applying OLS technique shows immigrants to be contributing to increasing GDP, reducing


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unemployment and increasing wages. The study has conducted unit root tests and found immigration share nonstationary at levels but stationary at first difference, applied ARDL approach and found these variables not cointegrated but the long run coefficient indicates a positive impact of immigration on GDP, the short run coefficient shows an adjustment rate of 12% per annum. Granger non-causality test rules out any role of economic growth of UK in immigrants’ decisions to migrate here but confirms immigrants’ role in causing growth of this country. In VAR model impulse response function was used to examine the extent of response created by the shock occurring to the variables mentioned earlier on one another. A shock in GDP is seen to have negligible impulse response on immigration share, and a shock in immigration share is also seen to have a very small impulse response on GDP, unemployment and wage. Finally, a panel data model is used to investigate the effects of immigration share on unemployment and wages on twelve regions over 2002-2006 time period putting some control variables namely average age of immigrants, skill-group populations, outflows and four time dummies capturing the region-specific effects and year effects. In this technique wage increases due to immigration share according to OLS and Between Effect (BE) estimators but decreases according to Fixed Effect (FE) and Random Effect (RE) estimators. Unemployment rate decreases according to FE and RE estimators but increases according to OLS and BE estimators. In brief, it can be said that the positive impact of immigration on wages and employment has been predominant although all estimators have not supported this view. Impact on GDP has been clearly positive all through. Therefore, in end, overall impact of immigration on UK appears to be positive.

Voices of Youth

Sarah Crossan's The weight of water - The representation of Eastern European immigrants Fanni Suto, University of Roehampton


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In my presentation, I would like to discuss Sarah Crossan's The weight of water which is a Carnegie shortlisted novel about the immigrant experience and bullying. The protagonist, Kasienka is a Polish girl who arrives to London with her mother in a desperate quest after her father. The book touches upon the question of Eastern European immigrants who, although appearing quite frequently on the covers of newspapers, are not very well represented in books aimed at children. In my paper, I am looking at the ways how Crossan's free verse novel brings the immigrant experience closer to the reader, thus helping empathy and understanding. She achieves her aim by using the emotive effects of poetry to her advantage and brings in topics such as being an outcast and the target of bullying. These themes make the story accessible even for those who are not immigrants themselves. In context, the novel can show us how works of children literature can facilitate understanding and the forming of a more tolerant generation. The Bus to Nowhere? Young politics in the UK Ben Bowman, University of Bath What's the point in voting? We often hear that young people don't vote, don't engage and don't care. Yet, young people in the UK navigate risky transitions to adulthood amid continuing economic and democratic marginalization. We need to welcome young people into democracy as citizens. On the other hand, elections and representative democracy are coming across to all ages as a bus to nowhere. Young people know about the systems available, how to vote, and are assailed on all sides by advertisements calling them to the ballot box. Yet we have done a poor job of making young votes equal youthcentred policy and we have given young people little voice in the political process. The interstitial and liminal spaces of youth provide opportunities for crafting political subjectivities, and participating in politics through a toolbox of methods from formal institutional to more informal, everyday ways of doing politics. If we want to keep elections in the toolbox of politics, this paper discusses ways to remedy the disconnection between political institutions and young citizens.


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Standing on one foot: creative steps in research engagement Alinka Gearon , University of Bath Deciding to undertake 'child trafficking' research with young people directly affected by trafficking brought a number of challenges in the research process. Not least was the difficulty in this kind of research not having been done before, requiring my research to be flexible and exploratory in what might work with this group of young people. Reflections on fieldwork & qualitative methods in accessing and engaging young people are shared, focusing on creative arts-based methods and improvised dance. The use of improvised dance is reflected upon as a specific method that built trust in the research relationship, strengthened social bonding between young people and facilitated research engagement in a very difficult and sensitive subject area.

Contemporary Challenges in International Cooperation The Road not Taken: Improving International Commitment towards the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime Sascha Sauerteig, University of Bath The nuclear non-proliferation regime (NNPR) aims at preventing the horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons, furthering nuclear disarmament, and supporting the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Compliance with the regime is manifested through three different systems that built upon one another: The commitment system (refers to what states commit (not) to do in order to counter the horizontal and vertical proliferation of nuclear


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weapons), the verification system (the monitoring and verification of commitments), and the enforcement system (the institutionalized attempt to alter and punish the misbehavior of a member state). Focusing on the commitment system, the paper addresses the question of how the international commitment towards the nuclear non-proliferation regime can be improved. The work proceeds in three steps: 1. It defines the role of the commitment system within the NNPR. 2. It determines the effectiveness of the system following the Oslo-Potsdam solution to measuring regime effectiveness. 3. It discusses different scenarios for improving the commitment system. It will be argued that nuclear weapon states and states outside the Non-Proliferation Treaty are a particular challenge to the regime. The paper concludes that an approach of institutional layering is the most promising approach to improving the commitment towards the NNPR The context and implications of ethnic-organisation relationship on organisational culture management: A case study of a Nigerian oil and gas company. Theresa Chika-James, Cardiff University Practitioners have been engaged in on-going discussions and practical initiatives towards organisational culture management. This is in spite of the range of complexities that academics have identified as relating to efforts towards culture management and aspects of total control attributed to the process. Previous studies, indicating these complexities have focused on internal and external influence in the process, leading to culture change-stability outcomes. This paper, as part of a doctoral study, extends the dynamism of culture management with a focus on the context of internal-external relationship. It applies a stakeholder theory to explore aspects of power, legitimacy, urgency and proximity in the relationship. It further examines the implications of stakeholder attributes on organisational culture management. Using a case study approach, it analyses the overlooked research context of African organisations, exploring the relationship context between a Nigerian oil and gas company (currently undergoing a culture


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management process) and ethnic stakeholder communities in the Niger Delta region. It concludes with a discussion of the preliminary findings on relationship context, and its implications towards organisational culture management. The EU As a Crisis Manager: A Comparison Between Georgia and Ukraine Milena Romano, University of Bath

Over the past two decades, the European Union has considerably extended the focus on external policies in terms of its geographical presence and aim of activities. As a global actor, the EU faces complex and uncertain security issues and, consequently, a high demand to become more coherent and effective in terms of strategic approaches. As highlighted in the EU Security Strategy, the EU has come a long way improving the use of the appropriate instruments. The purpose of this paper is to offer an analysis of the EU's growing credibility as a crisis manager in conflict situations. In order to prove this point, a discussion about the dynamics of EU interventions will be conducted together with an analysis of different factors interacting in a crisis context. In particular, the cases of Georgia and Ukraine will be the main objective of investigation. In fact, these case studies underline strengths and weaknesses of the EU, focusing on the capacity to respond to potential shocks and to activate early warning systems. On the basis of this study, a final overview will clarify how a more coherent European engagement could develop essential capabilities to deal with new challenges and effectively impact on conflict scenarios, via a comprehensive approach under the direction of the European External Action Service. Russia and China: the 'reluctant covenants' of the international society Mattia Cacciatori, University of Bath


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The very definition of 'great power' holds a normative connotation. States that have the ability to influence the course of international events, i.e. great powers, have 'additional' responsibilities towards the international society, such as the promotion of shared norms of human rights. This paper aims at understanding if Russia and China have been fulfilling their additional responsibilities in the past five years, with a specific focus on the situations in Libya (2011) and Syria (2013). In order to prove this, an English School's Solidarist framework will be applied to the case studies, explicitly pointing at understanding whether the decision by the two states to veto the UN resolution to refer the Assad regime to the International Criminal Court (ICC) can be considered as legal, legitimate, and responsible. Furthermore, the analysis will question the validity of pluralists' claim that prioritizing order over justice in the international society equals to protecting the 'common good' for the international community. On the basis of this study, a review of the conventional views on the 'Responsibility to Protect' norm will demonstrate that a widespread consensus on what constitutes justice already exists, especially in relation to human rights in the international society.

Discourse and Society Silencing in practice: the case of Elie Wiesel on Gaza Jane Jackman, University of Exeter During Israel's latest incursion into Gaza, the Guardian newspaper outraged many readers by publishing a full-page letter written by famed Holocaust survivor and Nobel Peace Laureate Elie Wiesel, condemning the use by Hamas of children as human shields. Sponsored by an organisation whose mission it is to defend Israel, the letter tackles the issue most damaging to Israel internationally - the killing and maiming of children. Taking Wiesel's letter as a case study, this paper examines a use of language that manipulates perceptions and distorts narratives as a means of disarming critics of Israeli policy - in other words, of silencing them. Silencing as discussed here is not


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about the erasure of language to create an expressionless void (Thiesmeyer, 2003). Rather, it refers to dynamic, socially constructed practices aimed at replacing unwanted discourses with others more advantageous to a particular cause. Wiesel arguably does this in both his choice of words and his dubious conflation of fact and fiction. This paper attempts to separate one from the other and, as a demonstration of how silencing works, highlights the chief discourses apologists typically use to remedy Israel's deteriorating image over its policies towards the Palestinians. A Critical Analysis of How Global Dominance Passed from East to West Lee David Evans, University of Sheffield This proposal is for a piece of research that is currently ongoing. Below is a summary of the research focus, with the conclusions to follow. "Recent decades have witnessed a significant assault on the idea that globalisation was both shaped by and driven by the West. Indeed, a critical view has emerged which identifies the East as the dominant hemisphere until the 19th Century, shaping the earlier phases of globalisation before latterly receding behind the West. However, critical scholars have yet to adequately explain why the East was superseded by the West, a task hitherto largely left to orthodox scholars who sideline Eastern dominance altogether. This paper seeks to explain the switch in dominance from East to West from a critical perspective: as a process not just of Western emergence, but Western emergence in the context of Eastern quasihegemony." Ideological Transformation of Population Policy in the early PRC Neville Chi Hang Li, University of Bath The People’s Republic of China (PRC), with over 1.3 billion population, is the largest of any country in the world. Although the one-party state is well-known for its strict and coercive one-child policy, the manner of the Chinese


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Communist Party (CCP) handling its population was completely opposite in its early years of rule. Party officials like Mao put faith in Marxist ideology and rejected Malthusian “bourgeoisie’s idea” of population control. Nonetheless, the communist leaders found it problematic in adopting Marxism, a western ideology developed in industrialized countries, off-self to an Asian agricultural society, leading to arrays of population-related problems such as the Great Famine (“Leap Forward”). The PRC strived to open up a path to legitimize birth control without contradicting Marxism. With its massive propaganda, the CCP took personal birth decision upward to a collective level of state planning, convincing the Chinese that they have to control their reproduction for the development of the socialist state. The idea of family limitation indeed disproved by traditional customs and this paper attempts to examine how the authoritarian government manufacture a revolution in personal values of reproduction by its propaganda campaign, which laid a good foundation for the implementation of later one-child policy. Euphemisms and their influence on the Russian Language Natalia Shaftelskaya, University of Bath It is a well known fact that languages and politics are inter-related and cannot exist separately without affecting each other. All the processes which take place in language are reflected in politics, its institutions and political developments. It is language that evokes most of the political realities people experience. The challenge is to learn how language and gestures are systematically transformed into complex cognitive structures. (Murray Edelman «Political Language» page 3). Language is a fundamental part of politics and ideologies. W. Bergsdorf in his work «Politik und Sprache» wrote that a language is politics and politics is a language as power cannot rest only on physical and economic powers but also needs the ruling classes to be coordinated. So power used by politicians and its impact depend a lot on the language they use and how professionally they do it because a language is a means of power and also its instrument. A conclusion can be made that the language acquires power only when it is used by people who have this power


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because the language on its own doesn’t have any power. Like religion, politics both arouses and assuages anxiety, though people typically think of government as a rational device for achieving their wants and see their own political opinions and actions as the epitome of reasoned behaviour. Governments shape many public beliefs and demands before they respond to the people’s will (Murray Edelman «Political Language» page 4). That is why the functions of the political language are rather controversial as on the one hand it is the language of authority and power which is used to gain definite aims, on the other hand it should be understandable and intelligible according to the aims of the political propaganda. The collapse of the Soviet Union led not only to the foundation of 15 independent states on the territory of Europe and Asia but also to the end of totalitarian ideology, censorship and limited freedom. It resulted in the establishment of absolutely new political, economic and administrative systems and in its turn had an impact on the vocabulary of the Russian language. The Soviet vocabulary was characterized by ‘a unified and ideological evaluation, which was imposed on everybody’ (Ryazanova-Clark, Wade 1999, p.91). The transition from the planned to a free market economy and a new political system encouraged the appearance of the lexis borrowed from the English language or ‘a reinterpretation of the lexical meanings of existing words and their application to Russian reality’ (Ryazanova-Clark, Wade 1999, p.99) as there were not appropriate equivalents in Russian.


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Ignite

Faisal Al Saidi: Complexity Theory in Language: Through the Looking Glass Andrea Delgado What lies behind the Arms Trade Treaty?

Anna Csernus An investigation into in-service EFL teachers’ selection and use of grammar teaching techniques: A belief perspective Luke Cahill: How many divisions? Influence of the Holy See on US foreign policy and US Catholics, 1990-2003


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Map

Conference venue 4E and bus stop marked in green

Library & security desk in light blue building marked number 1


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Programme summary (full programme page 4 - 7)

All rooms in 4E unless otherwise stated

Thursday 25th June Room Friday 26th June Room

9:00 Registration & coffee

4E level 3 foyer

9:30 Registration & coffee

4E level 3 foyer

9:45

Welcome&Keynote: Prof. Steve Gough Dr. John Troyer

4E 3.10

10:00 Parallel Session 4

Voices of Youth 4E 3.38

11:00 Parallel Session 1 Contemporary Challenges in International Cooperation

4E 3.10

Understanding Pain and Relationships

New Technologies, New Worlds

4E 3.38

4E 3.10

12:30

Lunch

4E

level 3

12:00 Lunch 4E level 3

13:30 Parallel Session 2 13:00 Session 5 13:30 Education in a

Changing World 4E 3.38 Discourse and

Society 4E 3.10

Imagining Communities

4E 3.10

15:15 Session 6 The session includes

15min. break (15:00-15:15)

Workshop: Careers

4E 3.10

16:00 Break

16:15 IGNITE 4E 3.10

16:45 Session 3 16:45 Drinks & snacks 4E 3.10 Workshop: 4E 3.10 Public Engagement

/Publication

19:30

Drinks & dinner

TBC

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