dent 1160 pharmacology 1. define pharmacology it is the branch of medicine that conducts research...
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DENT 1160
Pharmacology
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1. Define PHARMACOLOGY
It is the branch of medicine that conducts research and development in the use and effects of drugs.
A drug is a substance used to treat, diagnose or prevent a disease
Dentist need to know what the patient is taking because those drugs may effect treatment and interact with the drugs the dentist needs to use.
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2. DRUGS
Over the counter or Prescription (DEA #)
ID a drug by 3 names Chemical acetylsalicylic acid Generic aspirin Brand Bayer, Bufferin
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3&4. Physician Desk Reference
PDR in text or computer format
Tells: use, indications and contraindications, side effects (predictable body reaction)
other sources-
USP, NF, ADT,
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How to use PDR
Obtain any of the following: The name of the drug Turn to the Product Name Index - alphabetical A sample of the drug Look in the Product Identification Section -pictures The prescription container with product name Use the yellow Generic or Chemical Name Section The medical condition the drug is treating Use the blue section -Product Category Index Examples: analgesic anticoagulant diureticPage numbers will direct you to detailed information, classification, purpose or use, side effects, contraindications
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5. Routes of Administration
Oral- pill, capsule, liquid Topical- gel or ointment
on skin or mucosa (subdermal patch)
Inhalation- gas Sublingual- under
tongue, absorbed Injection subcutaneous IM IV
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Prescription
Is a written order by Dr or DDS ( with DEA#) to dispense drugs.
Keep Rx pads secure!!!Superscription- patient dataInscription- name and amount of drugSubscription- directions for dispensingSignature- directions for use( see list
text)
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Prescriptions
DA may call a Rx to pharmacy but CAN NOT PRESCRIBE or dispense OTC without DDS order
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Controlled Substance Act 1970
Schedule I- no medical use, potential abuse, LSD, heroine, marijuana
II- has med use, potential abuse, no call in or refill, opium, cocaine, morphine
III- use and less potential abuse, stimulants, depressants, Tylenol with codeine
IV- Valium, laibrium, DarvonV- cough meds with codeine
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6. Antibiobitics
Dentists may prescribe an antibiotic to treat or prevent a bacterial infection.
Some common antibiotics are:penicillins PenVee K, Amoxilcephalosporins Keflex, Ceclorerythromycins Zithromax, E-Mycintetracyclines Minocin,Achromycin clindamycin Clindets, DalacinOral Contraceptives?????????????????????
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7. AHA Prophylactic Antibiotics
When needed? prevent endocarditis
Artificial heart valve
Shunt
Heart murmur
mitral valve prolapse
Use what? Penicillin or ampicillin (2g)
clindamycin (500mg)
Take when? One hr before appointment
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ADA on Premeds
http://www.ada.org/public/media/videos/minute/medi_premedication_broadband.wmv
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8&9. Analgesics
Also known as pain killersNon narcotic (OTC) relieve mild to
moderate painAcetylsalicylic acid- Aspirin (cause
bleeding due to thinning of blood)Acetaminophen- tylenolIbuprofen- Advil or Motrin
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10. Narcotic Analgesics
Stronger and may be used for sedation, analgesia and hypnosis
morphine codeinemeperdine- DemerolOxycodone- PercodanPropoxyphene- Darvon, Davocet
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11. Premed Sedatives
Antianxiety agents given to reduce nervousness prior to appointment
Diazepam- ValiumChlordiazepoxide-LibriumMeprobamate- MiltowmHydroxyzine- VistarilXanax
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12. Instructions for Pre Op meds
Antibiotic- take as directed 1 hr prior to apt.
Sedative- take as instructed, do not drive or drink alcohol
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14. Sedation (antianxiety)Inhalation vs IV
INHALATION
Nitrous oxide
Halothane(Fluothane)
Methoxyflurane
( Penthrane)
IV
Pentothal
Brevital
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ADA on Nitrous
http://www.ada.org/public/media/videos/minute/treat_nitrous_broadband.wmv
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13. Analgesia vs Anesthetic
Analgesic prevent or relieve pain
Anesthetic produces a loss of sensation, numbs
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15. Topical vs Local anesthesia
Topical- gel, ointment, liquid or spray used to numb mucosa. A 5-20% concentration of local anesthetic. Dry area, apply and let set 1-2 min.
Local- loss of sensation in area, 2-5% concentration, lidocaine, mepivocaine, xylocaine, lidocaine
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16. 3 actions of VASOCONSTRICTOR
Constrict BV to prolong the effectDecrease bleeding in the areaReduces the amount of anesthetic
needed, safer
Epinephrine 1:50,000 or 1:20,000, 1:100.00
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17. Contraindication for vasoconstrictor
HypertensionSevere cardiovascular diseaseHyperthyroid
Use nonepinephrine products like: Levophed, Neo-Cobefrin
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18. Assistant responsibility
You prepare the syringe!
1.Use correct anesthetic (per Dr) cartridge
2. Use correct needle length ( long mand, short max)
3. Place stick shield
4. Engage harpoon
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19. Drugs of concern to dental treatment
1. Antabuse- avoid product with high alcohol content like mouthwash
2. Aspirin, Fiorinal, Coumadin (warfarin)- bleeding (anticoagulants)
3. NSAID, Naprosyn, indomethacin- beware Diabetics & cause bleeding
4. Albuterol or Ventolin- asthma5. Insulin- diabetic (food and insulin)6. Nitrogliceryn- angina
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19. Cont drugs of concern
7. Lasix (furosemide)- HBP, restroom use 8. Lanoxin (digoxin)- heart problems 9. Prednisone- immune compromised,cancer 10. Oral Contraceptive- not effective with AB 11. Prozac (fluoxetine)- Do Not use nitrous 12. Zoloft- FATAL with Demeral (meperidine) 13. Dilantin- epilepsy
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Dilantin for epilepsy
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ADA on drug side effects
http://www.ada.org/public/media/videos/minute/medi_sideeffects_broadband.wmv
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The End