denver, colorado · may 12-13, 2015 - arpa-e...source: wmo greenhouse gas bulletin (sept. 2014), epa...
TRANSCRIPT
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Official Use Only – Source Selection Sensitive
Denver, Colorado · May 12-13, 2015
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Official Use Only – Source Selection Sensitive
Introduction to MONITOR Developing Low-Cost, Highly Sensitive Technologies for Improved Methane Detection
Dr. Bryan Willson Program Director May 12, 2015
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The ARPA-E Mission
Reduce Imports
Reduce Emissions
Improve Efficiency
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Catalyze and support the development of transformational, high-impact energy technologies
Ensure America’s
‣ Economic Security
‣ Energy Security
‣ Technological Lead
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Creating New Learning Curves
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What Makes an ARPA-E Project?
BRIDGE ‣ Translates science into breakthrough technology ‣ Not researched or funded elsewhere ‣ Catalyzes new interest and investment
IMPACT ‣ High impact on ARPA-E mission areas ‣ Credible path to market ‣ Large commercial application
TRANSFORM ‣ Challenges what is possible ‣ Disrupts existing learning curves ‣ Leaps beyond today’s technologies
TEAM ‣ Comprised of best-in-class people ‣ Cross-disciplinary skill sets ‣ Translation oriented
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Technology Acceleration Model
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Focused and Open Programs at ARPA-E
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Focused Programs
Open Solicitations
Stationary & Transportation Energy
Stationary Energy
Transportation Energy
Open Solicitations OPEN 2009 OPEN 2012
IDEAS OPEN 2015
ADEPT Solar ADEPT
GRIDS GENSETS
IMPACCT BEETIT GENI ARID
FOCUS REBELS
MONITOR
BEEST PETRO
Electrofuels MOVE TERRA
RANGE REMOTE
HEATS AMPED
REACT SBIR/STTR
METALS SWITCHES
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ADEPT Solar ADEPT
GRIDS GENSETS
Focused and Open Programs at ARPA-E
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Focused Programs
Open Solicitations
Stationary & Transportation Energy
Stationary Energy
Transportation Energy
Open Solicitations OPEN 2009 OPEN 2012
IDEAS OPEN 2015
IMPACCT BEETIT GENI ARID
FOCUS REBELS
MONITOR
BEEST PETRO
Electrofuels MOVE TERRA
RANGE REMOTE
HEATS AMPED
REACT SBIR/STTR
METALS SWITCHES
Why MONITOR? Why now?
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Responding to the Natural Gas Boom
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0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
Trill
ion
cubi
c fe
et
U.S. Dry Natural Gas Production, 1990-2040
Projected
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Trill
ion
kilo
wat
thou
rs
Electricity Generation by Fuel, 1990-2040
Unc
onve
ntio
nal G
as
Shale Gas
Tight Gas
Conventional Sources
Projected
Natural Gas 35%
Renewables 16%
Nuclear 16%
Coal 32%
Rapid growth in domestic oil and gas production has been driven by advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, allowing the U.S. to tap vast unconventional gas reserves; by 2035, natural gas is
expected to surpass coal as the largest fuel burned to generate electricity
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Outlook
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The Environmental Case for Natural Gas On a lifecycle basis, natural gas emits nearly half the level of greenhouse gases as coal when burned; the
challenge is ensuring that environmental risks throughout the supply chain are effectively mitigated
10 Source: IPCC AR4 Annex II (2007)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Gra
ms
CO
2eq
per k
Wh
Median lifecycle GHG emissions from fossil-based electricity generation
Coal Oil Natural Gas
~470
~840
~1,000
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ARPA-E and the Natural Gas Boom
export
transportation
heat
power
products
flare/vent
31.88
2.7
1.5
0.92
8.15
8.53
9.22
0.28
26.82
Trillion cubic feet (2014)
MOVE
REBELS
REMOTE
In response to this changing energy landscape, ARPA-E has developed programs to address
challenges across the various end-use sectors that rely on natural gas
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review Natural Gas Flow (2015) 11
MONITOR
GENSETS
misc. end-uses
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ARPA-E and the Natural Gas Boom
export
transportation
heat
power
products
flare/vent
31.88
2.7
1.5
0.92
8.15
8.53
9.22
0.28
26.82
Trillion cubic feet (2014)
MOVE
REBELS
REMOTE
In response to this changing energy landscape, ARPA-E has developed programs to address
challenges across the various end-use sectors that rely on natural gas
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review Natural Gas Flow (2015) 12
MONITOR
GENSETS
misc. end-uses
Why focus on methane emissions?
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= Methane
Carbon Dioxide
The Importance of Focusing on Methane
Fluorinated Gases 6%
Nitrous Oxide 3%
Methane 9%
Carbon Dioxide 82%
Methane – the main component of natural gas – accounts for about one-tenth of U.S. greenhouse
gas emissions
However, over a 20-year period, one gram of methane has 84 times the global warming
potential as the same amount of carbon dioxide
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U.S GHG Emissions (2012)
Source: EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory, IPCC AR5 (2013)
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Methane Emissions as a Growing Problem
14 Source: WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (Sept. 2014), EPA Non-CO2 GHG Emissions 1990-2030 (Dec. 2012)
Atmospheric methane concentrations have increased about 10% since the mid-1980s and global emissions are expected to grow an additional 20% by 2030
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
MtC
O2e
Projected
Global Methane Emissions (1990-2030) Atmospheric Methane Concentrations (1985-Present)
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Monitoring Cost
Det
ectio
n Pr
obab
ility
100%
0%
50%
State-of-the-art continuous monitors
Periodic vehicle-based monitors
Annual on-site inspection
Today’s Methane Sensing Solutions
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Today’s Solutions
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Monitoring Cost
Det
ectio
n Pr
obab
ility
Today’s Solutions
100%
0%
50%
effective
low
cos
t
New Technology
MONITOR
State-of-the-art continuous monitors
Periodic vehicle-based monitors
Annual on-site inspection
Tomorrow’s Methane Sensing Solutions
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MONITOR Metrics & Targets
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1 ton per year (6 standard cubic feet per hour) Detection Threshold
$3,000 per site per year (for basic functionality) Cost
90% methane leakage reduction with a 90% confidence level Resulting Leak Reduction
No more than 1 per year False Positives
Able to estimate mass flow rate within 20% margin of error Mass Flow Rate
Able to estimate location within 1 meter Leak Location
Transmits results wirelessly to remote receiver Communications
Methane selectivity, speciation capability, thermogenic/biogenic differentiation, continuous measurement, enhanced stability
Enhanced Functionality
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Two Technology Categories
• Systems that include: (1) methane emission sensing; (2) methane leakage characterization and data analytics in order to estimate the leakage rates and approximate location of leaks; (3) provisions for data quality control; (4) digital communication; and (5) enhanced functionality
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Complete measurement systems: 6 projects
Partial measurement systems: 5 projects
• Nascent technologies that may be too early in the development process for incorporation into a complete sensing systems, but that could significantly contribute to progress towards the system level objectives in this FOA. Partial solutions are primarily envisioned as advances in detector technology or data analytics
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The Portfolio: 11 Projects in 9 States
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SYSTEM SOLUTIONS PARTIAL SOLUTIONS
Tunable Mid-infrared Laser for Methane Sensing Jessup, MD
Laser Spectroscopic Point Sensor for Methane Leak Detection Lincoln, NE
Microstructured Optical Fiber for Methane Sensing Niskayuna, NY
Mobile LiDAR Sensors for Methane Leak Detection Bozeman, MT
On-Chip Optical Sensors and Network for Methane Leak Detection Yorktown Heights, NY
Portable Imaging Spectrometer for Methane Leak Detection Houston, TX
UAV-based Laser Spectroscopy for Methane Leak Detection Andover, MA
Printed Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Methane Leak Detection Palo Alto, CA
Miniaturized Tunable Laser Spectrometer for Methane Leak Detection Redwood City, CA
Frequency Comb-based Methane Sensing Boulder, CO
Miniaturized Coded Aperture Mass Spectrometer for Methane Sensing Durham, NC
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The MONITOR Timeline: ARPA-E & Beyond
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Window for field testing
YEAR 3 YEAR 2 YEAR 1
GEN
ERAL
PR
OG
RAM
FI
ELD
TES
TIN
G
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
*Subject to change
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The MONITOR Team
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Bryan Willson Program Director
Nate Gorence Technology-to-Market Advisor
Halley Aelion Programmatic Support
Adam Fischer General Program Support
Chris Konek Technical Support
Anne Marie Lewis Technical Support
Ian Snyder Programmatic Support
Eric Schiff Program Director
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www.arpa-e.energy.gov