department of earthquak ing the oc urkey ear w=7.2 ......ke researc e engineer w=7.2) van reg es...

25
The Oc Active Turkey is surro general (McKen motion al., 199 Accord against region - from th Arabian associat through K ctober 23, 2 Tectonics o is a tectoni ounded by t ly acknow nzie, 1970) of the Anat 9 and Armi ing to McK Eurasia res - the Turkis he Lake Van n plate. The ted with the hout the regi Figure 1. Kandilli Ob Depa 2011 Van, T SEIS of Van Reg ically active three major wledged min . The relati tolian-Aege ijo et al., 20 Kenzie (197 sults in a col sh, Iranian, B n region to e northward e Caucasus ion and the Plate tecto Boga bservatory a artment of Turkey Ear MOTECTO gion e region tha r plates: Afr nor plates: ive motion b ean Block is 005). 72), the dri llision in th Black Sea a o the east an motion of t . The resul continuous nics of the E Mc azici Univer and Earthqua Earthquak rthquake (M ONICS OF at experienc rican, Euras Aegean a between Eu s also illust ft of the A he region of and South C nd to the w the Arabian t of the geo s elevation o Eastern Me cKenzie, 19 rsity, ake Researc ke Engineer Mw=7.2) F VAN REG ces frequent sian, and A and Anatol urasian, Ara trated in Fig Arabian Plat Lake Van. Caspian plat west, as if p n plate is als ometry is th of the Cauca editerranean 970) ch Institute ring GION t destructiv Arabian, and lian, as sh abian Plates gure 2 and F te towards The other s tes - move s pushed aside so taken up he thickenin asus. n and Cauca e earthquak d is located hown in F s and the w Figure 3 (A the north-n smaller plate symmetrical e by the ad by the thru ng of the c asus regions 1 kes, and, d on two Figure 1 westward Armijo et northeast es of the lly away dvancing ust faults ontinent (after

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Page 1: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

The Oc

Active

Turkey is surrogeneral(McKenmotion al., 199

Accordagainst region -from thArabianassociatthrough

K

ctober 23, 2

Tectonics o

is a tectoniounded by tly acknownzie, 1970)of the Anat9 and Armi

ing to McKEurasia res

- the Turkishe Lake Vann plate. Theted with the

hout the regi

Figure 1.

Kandilli ObDepa

2011 Van, T

SEIS

of Van Reg

ically activethree major

wledged min. The relatitolian-Aegeijo et al., 20

Kenzie (197sults in a colsh, Iranian, Bn region to

e northward e Caucasusion and the

Plate tecto

Bogabservatory aartment of

Turkey Ear

MOTECTO

gion

e region thar plates: Afrnor plates:ive motion bean Block is005).

72), the drillision in thBlack Sea a

o the east anmotion of t. The resulcontinuous

nics of the EMc

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rthquake (M

ONICS OF

at experiencfrican, Euras Aegean abetween Eus also illust

ft of the Ahe region of and South Cnd to the wthe Arabiant of the geo

s elevation o

Eastern MecKenzie, 19

rsity, ake Researc

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Mw=7.2)

F VAN REG

ces frequentsian, and Aand Anatolurasian, Aratrated in Fig

Arabian PlatLake Van.

Caspian platwest, as if pn plate is alsometry is thof the Cauca

editerranean970)

ch Institutering

GION

t destructivArabian, andlian, as shabian Platesgure 2 and F

te towards The other s

tes - move spushed asideso taken up he thickeninasus.

n and Cauca

e earthquakd is locatedhown in Fs and the wFigure 3 (A

the north-nsmaller platesymmetricale by the adby the thru

ng of the c

asus regions

1

kes, and, d on two Figure 1 westward Armijo et

northeast es of the lly away

dvancing ust faults ontinent

(after

Page 2: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

Figure

Lake Vis locatproductet al., 2Eurasiathe initilithosphslab andthe eastdisappecollision(Keskinperiod fThe obconjuga

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Figure 2. Tmoti

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Kandilli ObDepa

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Late Miocengion-wide telip faults, E

Bogabservatory aartment of

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n between Euolian and A

(3600 km2) ly deformeontinent cola was initialcene, 12–20Tethys oceasthenospher(Innocenti

low a shallond widespreNemrut, Sualong the NEne, the uplifectonic struE-W trendin

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tween Eurasnd Aegean B

urasian andAegean Bloc

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uphan, TendE-SW direcfting reacheuctures in ng thrust fa

rsity, ake Researc

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sian and AraBlocks (Arm

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and the fourAnatolian ree of Arabianas a result oewey et al.,as detachedto flow into 2; Sengor ett the end oism started

durek and Action. The laed a certain the present

aults, N-S t

ch Institutering

abian Platesmijo et al., 1

lates and thet al., 2005

rth largest oegion (Figun and Eurasof the collis, 1986; Yılm

d from the Athe area be

t al., 2003).f Miocene,

d. The chaAgri) in 11avas coverelevel and d

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Page 3: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

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result of crur et al., 19he lavas of ka and Sarog

ctonic unitsus sources (H

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up by shoagros fold presents th

ajor events

rsity, ake Researc

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ustal shorten85; Yılmazthe Nemrutglu, 1995).

s of Eastern Horasan and

inger, 1997on relative

ortening in and thrust bhe major te(Barka and

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Anatolia md Boztepe, 2

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Figu

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Page 5: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

The seiconnectthe symLake Vmajor fRecent fact thaKarlıovtranscurearthqu(1968) kilometaveragecomponMcKen

K

ismicity andtion with th

mmetrical esVan region to

faults of th(MRF) and

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uakes have pconcluded tters wide zoe right lateranent. On thnzie (1972) s

Kandilli ObDepa

Figure

d tectonics he plate tectscape of theo the east an

he region, nd Tabriz (Tor aftershoc

deduced teast of Erzproved thatthat the NAone, formedal with a slihe other hasuggested e

Bogabservatory aartment of

e 6. The acti

of Lake Vatonics modee Turkish, Irnd to the wenamely NorF) faults di

cks of the that the Nzincan. Altht the faults

AF at this regd of severalip of a few

and the faulequal amoun

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ive faults in

an region wel of the regranian, Blacest (Figurerth Anatoliied out as t1939 Erzinorth Anatohough the continued gion had a sl parallel strtens of centlt plane sont of right la

rsity, ake Researc

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n the vicinity

were first stugion suggestck Sea and 1). Tchalenan (NAF),

they approancan earthqolian Fault faulting assat least 75 structure ofrands. The timeters hadlution of thateral strike

ch Institutering

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udied by Tted by McKSouth Casp

nko (1977) aEast Anato

ached Lake quake have

lost its csociated wikm east of

f not a singl1966 displad also a disthe 1966 Va slip and thr

ake.

Tchalenko (1Kenzie (197pian plates fargued that olian (EAFVan. Basedcontinued

character oith the 196f Karlıova, e trace but acement, thtinctive extearto earthqurust (Figure

5

1977) in 72), with from the the four

F), Main d on the

east of f major

66 Varto Wallace as a few ough on ensional uake by e 7).

Page 6: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

The Eaboundarfrom Kjoins thoccurrethese e(Jackso22, 197associatBased oas well (1977) parallelstructurmain fa(e.g. Sa The Manortheacontinuextensionear BoTabriz athe Northe TF called NNW-SEterritorysection earthquDoğu B

K

ast Anatoliary of the A

Karlıova bashe Dead Seed along theevents haveon and McK71 which oted with a mon the fault as their aftconcluded t

l to either Nre of small aults in the aroglu et al.,

ain Recent ast. The faulues in the Yuon of the faostanabad iand near Mrthwest faulwere most rNorthwest FE trending fy where it

has been uake occurreBeyazit and

Figure

Kandilli ObDepa

an Fault (EArabian and sin, where iea Fault Zoe EAF durie supported

Kenzie, 1984occurred at maximum 2breaks ass

tershocks anthat the junNAF or to parallel fauregion. Th

, 1992) as s

Fault (MRFlt enters Tuuksekova vaault is obsern the south

Marand the flt system. Trecently actFault Systemfaults. The fextends at mapped in

ed on the TuBalık Lake

e 7. Fault pla

Bogabservatory aartment of

EAF) is a Anatolian P

it meets NAone (DSFZing the lastd the left-l4; Taymaz the northea

25 cm of leociated withnd the locatnction region

EAF to thults which

his suggestioeen in Figur

F) is a 150urkey at the alley to the rved beyon

heast, continfault is dividThe Derik ftivated by thm by Tchalfault is alsoleast 90 km

n detail by urkish secti.

ane solution

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left-lateralPlates (ArpAF, to the c). A relativt century, alateral tranet al., 1991astern end eft lateral dh the 1966 tions of othen is characthe south andistribute t

on was furtre 6.

00 km long meeting povicinity of

nd the Greatnues to theded to two fault as wellhe May 6, Mlenko (1977

o named as m (Barka aArpat et a

on rupturin

ns of 1966 V

rsity, ake Researc

ke Engineer

strike slip at and Şarocity of Marvely small and faultingnsform mot

). The Ms of the faul

displacemenVarto on N

er smaller eterized by and northeasthe tectonicther confirm

fault bordeoint of Iran,the Great Zt Zab River

e northwest different dil as the SalMw 7.2 1937) was defiBalıkgölü F

and Kadinsal. (1977).

ng about 60

Varto and 1

ch Institutering

transform oğlu, 1972).raş in the snumber of

g mechanismtion with r6.7 Bingol lt near Kar

nt also withNAF, the 19events in tha number ofst of Erzincc movemenmed with m

ering the A, Iraq and T

Zab River. Nr. The Tabrpassing no

rections, tolmas Fault w30 Salmas eined as systFault in its sky-Cade, 1

July 2, 18km of the o

976 Çaldıra

fault mark. It extends southwest, wf large eartms associatreverse comearthquake

rlıova juncth tensional f971 Bingöl e region Tcf small activcan, with ants along thmore recent

Arabian PlatTurkish bordNo further nriz Fault (TForth of the Derik Faulwhich is paearthquake. tem of littlepart in the

1988). The 840 Mw7.5of the fault b

an earthqua

6

king the 600 km

where it thquakes ted with mponent

of May tion was features. on EAF

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te in the ders and

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The so-e-known Turkish Turkish

5 Ararat between

akes

Page 7: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

The Caand is dand theM7.3 Çmaximuwhereasearthquincludedepressal., 200causingthe 197Çaldıran

K

aldıran Fauldirected towe NovemberÇaldıran eaum displaces the avera

uake producs numerous

sion (pull-ap01). The eag 3,840 fatal76 Çaldıran n faults in t

Figure 8. I

Kandilli ObDepa

lt is separatward ENE ar 24, 1976 arthquake hements alonage slip wced an 55 ks and well-part basins)arthquake clities and deearthquake

the Turkish

Isoseismal m

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ted from thand extendsÇaldıran ea

had a right ng the fault was in the km long zo-developed and interveaused damaemolishing e is given in

terrioty is p

map of the M

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e Northwess about 60 arthquakes

lateral strreached 4 morder of 2

one of surfopen tensioening pressage in a brabout 10,00

n Figure 8. Aprovided in

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st Fault Syskm in this are associa

rike-slip mem close to t2m (Saroglface breakson cracks, sure ridges aroad area o00 buildingsA detailed lFigure 9.

Caldiran ear

ch Institutering

stem near thdirection. T

ated with thechanism (the eastern lu and Erd. The zoneright stopoand reverse

of 2000 kms. The intenlocation ma

rthquake (G

he Turkish The April 1his fault. Th(Figure 7) end of the

doğan, 198e of surfaceovers, outcroe faults (Ko

m2 around Cnsity distribap of Balıkg

Gulkan et al.

7

frontier 14, 1696 he 1976 and the rupture,

83). The e breaks op-scale cyigit et

Caldiran, bution of gölü and

, 1978)

Page 8: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

In addisinistraldominaBulanıkBaskaleKavakbZone, Y2001, F

K

tion to the l character

ant structurak Fault, Ere Fault, Çobası Fault, KYüksekova–Figure 10).

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Figure 9.

major faulparalleling

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Kagızman F–Şemdinli F

Bogabservatory aartment of

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lts describeg to Norths of the reg

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nd Balikgolu

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u Faults (Gu

onjugate stAnatolian

e of these sr Fault, MFault Zoneıt Fault Zon

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ulkan et al.,

trike-slip fafault zone

structures ialazgirt Fa

e, Hasan Tne, Karayaznatolian Fa

, 1978)

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Page 9: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

Tchalenand disidentifieproduciSSW coassociat

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Figure

nko (1977) sappeared aed a close-sing a mosaiompression ted with the

Kandilli ObDepa

e 10. Active

argued that altogether aspaced systec pattern baand WNW

e recent Van

Bogabservatory aartment of

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Anatolian aroached the

aments orienellite imagesnsion in the ke.

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faults decreLake Van reerage ENE-Wcture is comwell as the

2001)

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It shoulEast Anreport, OctoberOn theaccorda

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studies elabocurrent kno

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quake inducsuggest thatLake basin ior of frequeals three su

ch Institutering

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ocyigit et al

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Page 11: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

Seısmıc

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e Oct 3, 1272011). Amb/Arkestia/A

ny people pnd Comastr

he city of Varthquake wfy the eastwwith this evigure 14. 48 occurred

out 5.2 start

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ber of large cent modera

75 event in braseys (200Argish/Argeperished. Thi (2005) as

Van is the 16with an east-west trendingvent. The dThe only kd in 1945. Ated on June

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The earthe east

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March 8, 1ation of Der

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ed epicentra7 and Berbe

arthquakes

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Page 13: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

The Mathat cauVolcanoof Aprirecent m

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ay 30, 1881used in the o. A more ril 28, 1903macroseism

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Page 14: Department of Earthquak ing The Oc urkey Ear w=7.2 ......ke Researc e Engineer w=7.2) VAN REG es frequent ian, and A nd Anatol rasian, Ara rated in Fig rabian Plat Lake Van. aspian

of the 1distribu

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Figure 1

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15. Villages

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as given by ges suggests

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Tchalenko s a NNE-SS

during the 11977).

rsity, ake Researc

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(1977) is sSW trending

903 Malazg

ch Institutering

shown in Fig in the rupt

girt earthqu

igure 15. Ature.

uake (Tchale

14

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998) Faultinregion. Geo

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Meyer, B. Mcher, M-A. ARPS cruis

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he tectonic effects, and

Yıl Universi

Active Tectoity data, An

G. M. (200nent of PGAarthquake Sp

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1996, The lay fault sy4.

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gion: deduc0, 1997.

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CampbeRelationAccelerNo,1, p

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B.S:J. andnent of Pea73–215.

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2007, Ulaştılüğü Kıyı

meliği İçin li Observatering.

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ni, D. and Pi Geofisica,

boni, E., anrranean Are

erg, B. andon Universi

P., Gurpinan, Turkey, l Disasrers C

G. (2011) “Earthquake

earthquake.u

n G., and earthquake

, pp:1-13.

n, J., and Mcn Turkey an

it A (1985)

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d R.R. Youak Ground M

K. Sesetyany”, Proceedneering, Th

ırma BakanYapıları, DDeprem Tetory and E

Onur T, Seghboring regnt Program (

P. Basham, 36, 3-14, 1

nd A. Comea from the

d C. F. Richity Press, 2n

ar A., CelebEarthquake

Commission

“Finite Faule” usgs.gov/ea

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cKenzie, Dnd Pakistan:

Karayazı F

Bogabservatory aartment of

gnia Y., “Untal and Verra”, Bulletin

ungs (2008Motion and

, E. Durukadings of thhessaloniki,

nlığı DemirDemiryollarehlikesi BeEarthquake

esetyan K, Bgions. Ann (GSHAP) 1

“The Globa993

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hter (1954), nd edition.

bi A., and Ae of 24 Novn on Sociote

lt Model, Up

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., 1984, ActGeophys.J.

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KocyigGeology

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it A (2002y of East A

it A, Yılm(Turkey) a

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nzie DP (197–185

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eismicity of

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8

ons of Sheaeismologica

disi F, Youn Californi

A., 1987, Aellikleri), Gopen-file rep

Bekler T, Gnent–contin

doi:10.1029/

rsity, ake Researc

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(2001) Nefor transitio

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erranean reg

S. Ergintavekelidze, R. D. Paradis

Toksoz, andamics in th000

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dings And for the Fed

mic provisionHazards Red

arazangi Mand small s

ar-wave Velal Society o

ungs RR, “Aia Strong M

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Gurbuz C, Snent collisio/2003GL01

ch Institutering

atolian.Work

eotectonics on from thru

reakoff benvolcanism in8019

gion. Geoph

v, ˙I. GeorgKing, V. K

ssis, Y. Petd G. Veis, he eastern M

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ns for new bduction

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locities in Sof America,

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smicity of f MTA, Ge

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