department of electrical & electronics engineering · pdf filedetermination -phasor...

COURSE HANDOUTDepartment of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringSEMESTER 4

Period: February 2017 – May 2017

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RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Vision of the Institution:

To evolve into a premier technological and research institution, mouldingeminent professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas and soundpractical skill, and to shape a future where technology works for theenrichment of mankind.Mission of the Institution:

To impart state-of-the-art knowledge to individuals in varioustechnological disciplines and to inculcate in them a high degree of socialconsciousness and human values, thereby enabling them to face thechallenges of life with courage and conviction.Vision of the Department:

To excel in Electrical and Electronics Engineering education with focus onresearch to make professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas andpractical skills for the betterment of mankind.Mission of the Department:

To develop and disseminate among the individuals, the theoreticalfoundation, practical aspects in the field of Electrical and Electronics

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Engineering and inculcate a high degree of professional and social ethicsfor creating successful engineers.Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

PEO 1: To provide Graduates with a solid foundation in mathematical,scientific and engineering fundamentals and depth and breadth studies inElectrical and Electronics engineering, so as to comprehend, analyse,design, provide solutions for practical issues in engineering.PEO 2: To strive for Graduates’ achievement and success in the professionor higher studies, which they may pursue.PEO 3: To inculcate in Graduates professional and ethical attitude, effectivecommunication skills, teamwork skills, multidisciplinary approach, the life-long learning needs and an ability to relate engineering issues for asuccessful professional career.Program Outcomes (POs)

Engineering Students will be able to1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,science, Engineering fundamentals, and Electrical and ElectronicsEngineering to the solution of complex Engineering problems.2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature,and analyze complex Engineering problems reaching substantiatedconclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,and Engineering sciences.3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complexEngineering problems and design system components or processesthat meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the

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public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmentalconsiderations.4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research basedknowledge and research methods including design of experiments,analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the informationto provide valid conclusions.5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriatetechniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT toolsincluding prediction and modeling to complex Engineering activitieswith an understanding of the limitations.6. The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by thecontextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal andcultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to theprofessional Engineering practice.7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of theprofessional Engineering solutions in societal and environmentalcontexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and the need forsustainable development.8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethicsand responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice.9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual,and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinarysettings.10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex Engineeringactivities with the Engineering Community and with society at large,such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports anddesign documentation, make effective presentations, and give andreceive clear instructions.11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge andunderstanding of the Engineering and management principles andapply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, tomanage projects and in multi disciplinary environments.12. Life -long learning: Recognize the need for, and have thepreparation and ability to engage in independent and life- longlearning in the broadest context of technological change.

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Programme-Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

Engineering Students will be able to:

PSO1: Apply the knowledge of Power electronics and electric drives for theanalysis design and application of innovative, dynamic and challengingindustrial environment.PSO2: Explore the technical knowledge and development of professionalmethodologies in grid interconnected systems for the implementation ofmicro grid technology in the area of distributed power system.PSO3: Understand the technologies like Bio inspired algorithms incollaboration with control system tools for the professional developmentand gain sufficient competence to solve present problems in the area ofintelligent machine control.

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INDEX PAGENO.

1 Assignment Schedule vii2 EE 202 Synchronous & Induction Machines 1

2.1 Course Information Sheet 2

2.2 Course Plan 8

2.3 Tutorials 12

2.4 Assignments 33

3 EE 204 Digital Electronics & Logic Design 353.1 Course Information Sheet 36

3.2 Course Plan 42

3.3 Tutorials 45

3.4 Assignments 52

4 EE 206 Material Science 534.1 Course Information Sheet 54

4.2 Course Plan 59

5 EE 208 Measurements & Instrumentation 625.1 Course Information Sheet 63

5.2 Course Plan 68

5.3 Tutorials 71

5.4 Assignments 76

6 HS 200 Business Economics 776.1 Course Information Sheet 78

6.2 Course Plan 84

6.3 Assignments 85

7 EE 232 Electrical Machines Lab I 877.1 Course Information Sheet 88

7.2 Course Plan 93

7.3 Lab Cycle 95

7.4 Open Questions 96

8 EE 234 Circuits & Measurements Lab 1008.1 Course Information Sheet 101

8.2 Course Plan 105

8.3 Lab Cycle 106

8.4 Open Questions 107

8.5 Advanced Questions 112

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ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE

SUBJECT DATE

MA202 Probability distributions, Transforms and Numerical Methods

Week1

Week 7

EE 202 Synchronous & Induction Machines

Week 2

Week 8

EE 204 Digital Electronics & Logic Design

Week 3

Week 9

EE 206 Material ScienceWeek 4

Week 10

EE 208 Measurements & Instrumentation

Week 5

Week 11

HS 200 Business Economics

Week 6

Week 12

Course Handout

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Page 1

2. EE 202 SYNCHRONOUS & INDUCTION MACHINES

Course Handout


2.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME: Electrical & ElectronicsEngg.

DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE: Synchronous and InductionMachines

SEMESTER:4 CREDITS: 4

COURSE CODE: EE202REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: Core

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical &Electronics Engg.

CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial)hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IFANY): EE 333

LAB COURSE NAME: Electrical MachinesLab II

SYLLABUS:UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I Alternators - basic principle, constructional features of salient pole typeand cylindrical type alternators, advantages of stationary armature,turbo-alternator. Armature winding - types of armature winding- singlelayer, double layer, full pitched and short pitched winding, slot angle,pitch factor and distribution factor - numerical problems. Effect of pitchfactor on harmonics - advantages of short chorded winding, EMFEquation – numerical problems. Harmonics in generated EMF -suppression of harmonics.

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II Performance of an alternator - Causes for voltage drop in alternators –armature resistance, armature leakage reactance - armature reaction,synchronous reactance, synchronous impedance, experimentaldetermination - phasor diagram of a loaded alternator. Voltage regulation- EMF, MMF, ZPF and ASA methods – numerical problems.

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III Theory of salient pole machine - Blondel’s two reaction theory - directaxis and quadrature axis synchronous reactances - phasor diagram anddetermination of Xd and Xq by slip test.Parallel operation of alternators - necessity of parallel operation ofalternators, methods of synchronization - dark lamp method and brightlamp method, synchroscope, Synchronising current, synchronisingpower, synchronising torque. Effects of changing excitation ofalternators, load sharing of two alternators in parallel operation.

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IV Synchronous motor - construction and principle of synchronous motor,methods of starting. Effects of excitation on armature current and powerfactor, v-curve and inverter v-curve, load angle, torque and powerrelationship, phasor diagram, losses and efficiency calculations.

Three phase induction motor - constructional features, slip ring andcage types. Theory of induction motor with constant mutual flux, slip,phasor diagram, expression for mechanical power and torque, torque-slipcharacteristics, starting torque, full load and pull out torque, equivalent

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Course Handout


circuit.V Circle diagrams - tests on induction motors for

determination of equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Cogging,crawling and noise production in cage motors - remedial measures.Double cage induction motor - principle, torque-slip curves.Starting of induction motors - types of starters – DOL starter,autotransformer starter, star-delta starter, rotor resistance starter –starting torque and starting current - numerical problems.Braking of induction motors - plugging, dynamic braking andregenerative braking (no numerical problems).

Speed control - stator voltage control, V/f control, rotor resistancecontrol.

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VI Induction generator - principle of operation, grid connected andself excited operation, comparison of induction generator withsynchronous generators.Synchronous induction motor - principle of operation.Single-phase induction motor - double field revolving theory,equivalent circuit, torque slip curve. Types of single phase inductionmotor - split phase, capacitor start, capacitor start and run types.Principle of shaded pole motor – applications.

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TOTAL HOURS 67

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION

T Electrical Machines: P. S. Bhimbra, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

T Theory of AC Machines: D. P. Kothari & I. J. Nagrath, Tata McGraw Hill

R The performance and Design of AC Machines: M.G. Say, CBS Publishers

R Fitzgerald A. E., C. Kingsley and S. Umans, Electric Machinery, 6/e, McGraw Hill,2003.

R Theory of Alternating Current Machinery: Alexander Langsdorf, Tata Mgraw Hill

R Deshpande M. V., Electrical Machines, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, 2011.

R Charles I. Hubert, Electric Machines, Pearson, New Delhi 2007

R Theodore Wilde, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power System, Pearson Ed. Asia2001.

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM

BE 101-03 Introduction to ElectricalEngineering

Basics of Electrical Engineering 1

EE205 DC Machines andTransformers

Fundamentals of DC Machines and StaticAC Machines

3

Course Handout


COURSE OBJECTIVES:1 To give exposure to the students about the concepts of alternating current machines

including the Constructional details, principle of operation and performance analysis.

2 To learn the characteristics of induction machines and to learn how it can be employed forvarious applications.

COURSE OUTCOMES:Sl.

NO:DESCRIPTION Blooms’

TaxonomyLevel

1 Students will be able to differentiate the different types ofSynchronous machines and types of AC armature windings.

Comprehension[level 2]

2 Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge on importance ofVoltage regulation of Alternators and how to pre-determine thevoltage regulation of Synchronous machines in laboratory.

Synthesis[Level 5]

3 Students will be able to acquire knowledge on how Alternators canbe paralleled to Infinite bus and how loads can be shared.

Knowledge[Level 1]

4 Students will be able to understand all about Synchronous Motorsand applications of various starting methods. Students will be able todifferentiate the different types of Induction machines

Application[Level 3]

5 Ability to analyse the performance of induction machines inorder toimplement in household and industrial applications.

Analysis[Level 4]

6 Will acquire knowledge on performance characteristics ofsynchronous induction motors relating the features of synchronousmachines and induction machines. Ability to differentiate differenttypes of single phase Induction motors

Comprehension[level 2]

MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) ANDCOURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO10

PO11

PO12 PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3

C 202.1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2

C 202. 2 2 2 2 2 3

Course Handout


C 202. 3 1 2 1 2

C 202. 4 2 1 1 1 2

C 202. 5 2 1 2 2

C 202. 6 2 1 2 2

EE 202 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1

JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPINGMapping L/H

/MJustification

C202.1-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different typesof Synchronous machines and types of AC armature windings.

C202.1-PO2 M Students will be able to analyze complex engineering problemsusing first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, andEngineering sciences.

C202.1-PO3 M Students will acquire knowledge on the design solutions forcomplex Engineering problems and design system of Alternatorsthat meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for thesafety and environmental considerations.

C202.1-PO10 H Students will be able to make effective presentation on the giventopic.

C202.1-PO11 M Students will get an initiation on the study and understanding of theEngineering and management principles and apply these to one’sown work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projectsand in multi disciplinary environments.

C202.1-PO12 L Students will get an initiation to recognize the need for, and havethe preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- longlearning in the broadest context of technological change.

C202.2-PO1 M Students will be able apply the knowledge of mathematics for thesolution of issues related to voltage regulation and losses.

C202.2-PO2 M Students will be able to analyze complex problems related to lossesand efficiency.

C202.2-PO3 M Students will acquire knowledge on the design solutions forcomplex Engineering problems related to parallel operation ofAlternators that meet the specified needs with appropriateconsideration for safety and environmental considerations.

C202.2-PO4 M Students will be able to analyze and interpret data in the area ofvoltage regulation of both Non-Salient and Salient pole Alterntors.

C202.3-PO5 L Students will be able to select, and apply appropriate techniques

Course Handout


and modern engineering and IT tools for the paralleling operationof Alternators to infinite bus.

C202.3-PO11 M Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understandingof the Engineering and management principles and apply these toone’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage anyissues related to load sharing.

C202.3-PO12 L Students will be able to recognize the need for, and have thepreparation and ability to engage in independent and life- longlearning in the broadest context of technological change.

C202.4-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different typesof Induction & Synchronous Motors and different types of startingmethods.

C202.4-PO3 L Student will acquire knowledge on the design solutions forcomplex Engineering problems and design system of SynchronousMotors that meet the specified needs with appropriate considerationfor the safety and environmental considerations.

C202.4-PO5 L Student will be able to select and apply appropriate techniques andmodern engineering and IT tools for the starting operation ofSynchronous Motors.

C202.4-PO12 L Student will be able to recognize the need for, and have thepreparation and ability to engage in independent and life- longlearning in the broadest context of technological change in startingmethods of Synchronous Motors.

C202.5-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different typesof Induction machines, starting and braking schemes.

C202.5-PO8 L Students will be able to apply ethical principles and commit toprofessional ethics and responsibilities and norms of theEngineering practice.

C202.6-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different typesof Synchronous Induction motors & Single phase Induction motors

C202.6-PO8 L Students will be able to apply ethical principles and commit toprofessional ethics and responsibilities and norms of theEngineering practice.

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSIONREQUIREMENTS:Sl. NO: DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

ACTIONS

1 Excitation schemes for Alternators. Visit to Power stations,Book on Power System

Course Handout


stability – Vol 3 E.W.Kimbark

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRYVISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL Etc.

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:1 Saturated Synchronous reactance method of Voltage regulation

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:1 http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_II July 2012

2 http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

3 http://www.vlab.co.in

DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES: CHALK & TALK STUD.

ASSIGNMENT WEBRESOURCES

LCD/SMARTBOARDS

STUD.SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS TESTS/MODELEXAMS

UNIV.EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES

STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ONFACULTY (TWICE)

ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS

OTHERS

Prepared By Approved byMs. Jayasri R. Nair Ms. Santhi B.

HOD

Course Handout


2.2 COURSE PLAN

SlNo. Module I Planned

1 2/2/2017 Synchronous Machine: Introduction, Types – Turbo alternators,Rotating Field & Rotating Armature types

2 3/2/2017 Constructional features of Non Salient pole and Salient pole machines,Advantages of stationary armature

3 6/2/2017 Basic Principle/Voltage generation, Expression for frequency, Armaturewinding - Terms upto Electrical Degree

4 6/2/2017 Armature winding – Terms – phase grouping – Single and Doublelayer, Full pitched & Short pitched, slot angle, Coil span factor

5 7/2/2017 Distribution factor, Tutorials

6 8/2/2017 Winding factor, e.m.f equation &. Tutorials Armature winding –Features, Types

7 10/2/2017 e.m.f equation &. Tutorials

8 10/2/2017 Harmonics in generated e.m.f wave, Effect of pitch factor onharmonics, Advantages of short pitch winding

9 13/2/2017 Suppression of harmonics, Tutorials

10 14/2/2017 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-load, Alternator on load

11 15/2/2017 Armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction - upf, lag &lead

12 14/2/2017 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-load, Alternator on load

13 15/2/2017 Armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction - upf, lag &lead

14 17/2/2017 Synchronous reactance, Synchronous impedance, phasor diagram of aloaded alternator.

15 20/2/2017 Voltage Regulation - Load & Regulation Characteristics – direct

Course Handout


method.

16 20/2/2017 Indirect test - predetermination – e.m.f. method

17 21/2/2017 Tutorials on e.m.f. method

18 22/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – m.m.f & tutorials.

19 27/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – Potier method & phasor diagram.

20 27/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – ASA Method

21 28/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – Tutorials on Potier & ASA method

22 01/3/2017 Tutorials on Voltage Regulation

23 03/03/2017 Theory of Salient Pole machine and Two-reaction theory

24 06/03/2017 Slip test – measurement of Xd, Xq

25 06/03/2017 Phasor diagram, Tutorials on Slip test, pu system

26 07/03/2017 Parallel operation of Alternators, Necessity, methods forsynchronization – three dark lamp method

27 08/03/2017 Methods for synchronization – two bright & one dark lamp method,Synchroscope

28 10/03/2017 Synchronizing current, Synchronizing power and torque

29 13/03/2017 Load sharing, Expression for load sharing.

30 13/03/2017 Load sharing - Tutorials

31 14/03/2017 Synchronous machines connected to infinite bus

32 15/03/2017 V-curves – inverted V-curves - Alternator

33 17/03/2017 Synchronous Motor: Introduction & Principles of operation

34 20/03/2017 Starting of Synchronous motors – using SCIM, Pilot exciter.

35 20/03/2017 V-curves & inverted V curves – Synchronous Motor

36 21/03/2017 Load angle, Expression for Power Pm, (Pm) max, Tutorials

37 22/03/2017 Phasor diagrams – Salient & Non salient Motor

Course Handout


38 24/03/2017 Losses and efficiency of synchronous machines & Tutorials

39 27/03/2017 Three phase Induction Motor: Introduction, Advantages,Construction – Stator Parts

40 27/03/2017 3 Phase IM - Rotor types, Comparison, Symbolic representation

41 28/03/2017 3 Phase IM- Theory of induction motor with constant mutual flux,Expression for N, slip

42 29/03/2017 Expression for E2 & E2s, Rotor current, frequency of rotor current,Tutorials

43 31/03/2017 Phasor diagram, expression for mechanical power and Losses andEfficiency

44 03/04/2017 Expression for Torque, Tutorials on Tdfl to Tdmax

45 03/04/2017 Torque – slip chara, - SQIM & SRIM, pull out torque

46 04/04/2017 Staring torque – SQIM & SRIM , Tutorials on starting torque & power

47 05/04/2017 Equivalent circuit- performance calculation – Power developed

48 07/04/2017 Tutorials

49 10/04/2017 Testing – Stator resistance and locked rotor tests

50 10/04/2017 No load Test, Circle diagram Introduction

51 11/04/2017 Circle diagram – operating characteristics from circle diagram

52 12/04/2017 Tutorials on Circle diagram

53 17/04/2017 Cogging and crawling, Remedial measures, Modes of Operation

54 18/04/2017 Double cage induction motor - principle, torque-slip curves

55 19/04/2017 Starting of three phase squirrel cage induction motor – Direct onlinestarting & Stator resistance method

56 21/04/2017 Starting - Auto transformer & Star-delta starting

57 24/04/2017 Starting -Rotor resistance starter & Design of rotor rheostat

58 24/04/2017 Tutorials on Starting methods

Course Handout


59 25/04/2017 Braking of induction motors – plugging, dynamic braking andregenerative braking (no numerical problems)

60 26/04/2017 Speed control - stator voltage control, V/f control

61 28/04/2017 Speed control - rotor resistance contro, tutorials on Speed control

62 02/05/2017 Assignment Test

63 03/05/2017 Induction generator - principle of operation, grid connected IG

64 05/05/2017 Induction generator - self excited operation, comparison of inductiongenerator with synchronous generators.

65 08/05/2017 Synchronous induction motor - principle of operation

66 08/05/2017 Single phase Induction motor – Introduction + Types - Split phaseresistance start, Capacitor start-capacitor run & PSC start

67 09/05/2017 Starting methods – Shaded pole motors, Double Revolving field theory

68 10/05/2017 Equivalent circuit

69 12/05/2017 Single phase Induction motor – Tutorials

Course Handout


2.3 TUTORIALS

MODULE I

1. A 4 pole AC machine has a 3 phase winding wound in 36 slots with coil span 1400E.Compute the (i) pitch factor (ii) distribution factor (iii) winding factor.

2. Find (i) pitch factor (ii) distribution factor (iii) winding factor for a 3 phase 6 pole ACmachine with 72 slots. The coil span is 1 to 10 slots.

3. A 3 phase winding for a 4 pole machine was carried out in 60 slots. The coils areshort pitched. i.e. if one coil side lies in slot 1, the other side of the same coil lies inslot 13. Calculate the winding factor for (i) fundamental (ii) third harmonic and (iii)fifth harmonic frequency waveform.

4. Calculate the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hzalternator with 3 slots/pole/phase and 6 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is1400E. Flux per pole is 0.06Wb.

5. Find the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz alternatorwith 2 slots/pole/phase and 4 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is 1500E.Flux per pole is 0.15Wb.

6. Find the number of armature conductors in series for a 11kV, 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hzalternator with 90 slots. Flux per pole is 0.1016Wb.

7. A 3 phase 16 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 144 slots and 10con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.04Wb, sinusoidally distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m.Find the frequency, phase and line e.m.f.

8. A 3 phase 4 pole, 50Hz, Y connected alternator has 60 slots with 2 con/slot andhaving an armature winding of double layer type. Coils are short pitched, i.e if onecoil lies in slot 1, the other side in slot 13. Find the useful flux/pole required to inducea line voltage of 6.6kV.

9. Calculate the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 16 pole, 3 phase, 50Hzalternator with 3 slots/pole/phase and 6 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is1400E. Flux per pole has a fundamental component of 0.06wb and a 20% thirdharmonic component.

10. A 3 phase, Y connected alternator on open circuit is required to generate a linevoltage of 3.4kV, 50Hz when driven at 500 rpm. The stator has 3 slots/pole/phase and10 con/slot. The coils are short pitched by one slot. Calculate (i) no: of poles (ii)useful flux/pole.

11. Calculate the speed & open circuit line and phase voltages of a 4 pole, 3 phase, 50Hzstar connected alternator with 36 slots, 30 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is0.05 Wb sinusoidally distributed.

12. Calculate the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hzalternator with 3 slots/pole/phase and 6 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is1400E. Flux per pole has a fundamental component of 0.06wb and a 20% thirdharmonic component.

13. A 3 phase, 16 pole, Y connected Alternator has 240 stator slots with 8 conductors perslot and the conductor of each phase is connected in series. The coil span is 1440E.Determine the phase and line e.m.f’s if the machine speed is at 375 r.p.m. and the fluxper pole is 0.061Wb sinusoidally distributed in the air gap.

Course Handout


14. A 3 phase, 6 pole, Y connected alternator revolves at 1000 r.p.m. The stator has 90slots and 8 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 0.05Wb (sinusoidally distributed).Calculate the voltage generated by the machine if the winding factor is 0.96.

15. A 3 phase, 16 pole alternator has a resultant airgap flux of 0.06 Wb per pole. The fluxis sinusoidally distributed over the pole. The stator has 2 slots per pole per phase and4 conductors per slot accommodated in two layers. The coil span is 1500E. Calculatethe phase and line induced voltages when the machine runs at 375 r.p.m.

16. A 3 phase, 50 Hz, 2 pole, Y connected alternator has 54 slots with 4 conductors perslot. The pitch of the coils is 2 slots less than the pole pitch. If the machine gives3300V between lines on open circuit with sinusoidal flux distribution, determine theuseful flux per pole.

17. A 4 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz, Y connected alternator has 60 slots, with 2 conductors perslot and having armature winding of the two layer type. Coils are short pitched in sucha way that if one coil side lies in slot number 1, the other lies in slot number 13.Determine the useful flux per pole required to generate a line voltage of 6000V.

18. Find the mechanical and electrical degrees between adjacent poles in a 6 poleelectrical machine.

19. Find the mechanical and electrical degrees between adjacent slots for a 4 polemachine with 36 slots.

20. A 3 phase 16 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 144 slots and 10con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.03Wb, fine distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m. Find thefrequency, phase and line e.m.f.

21. The stator of a 3 phase, 16 pole alternator has 144 slots and there are 4 conductors perslot connected in two layers and the conductors of each phase are connected in series.If the speed of the alternator is 375 rpm, calculate the emf generated per phase.Resultant flux in the air gap is 5x10-2 Webers / pole sinusoidally distributed. Assumecoil span 1500.

22. A poly phase stator is wound for 4 poles and has a double layer winding placed intotal of 48 slots. Find the distribution factor.

23. A three phase, 8 pole, 750 rpm star connected alternator has 72 slots on the armature.Each slot has 12 conductors and the winding is short pitched by 2 slots. Find the pitch,distribution and winding factor.

24. Calculate the e.m.f. of a 4 pole, 3 phase, Y connected alternator running at 1500 rpm,flux per pole 0.1 Wb, total no: of slots = 48, conductors per slot (in two layers) = 4,coil span = 1500.

25. A polyphase stator is wound for 4 poles and has a double layer winding placed in totalof 48 slots. Find the distribution factor.

26. A 3 phase 16 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 144 slots and 10con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.035Wb, sinusoidally distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m.Find the generated e.m.f. assuming full pitched winding.

27. A 3 phase, 50Hz, 10 pole star connected alternator has 2 slots/pole/phase and 4conductors per slot in two layers. The coil span is 1500E. Flux per pole has afundamental component of 0.12 Wb and a 20% third harmonic component. Find theline e.m.f. generated.

Course Handout


MODULE 21. The magnetization curve of a 400V, 50Hz, star connected non-salient pole alternator

is given by the following data.IF (A): 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

OC Volt (V): 266 344 377 422 450 481 505

The rated current of 100A is obtained on short circuit by a field current of 2A.Calculate the full load regulation at 0.8 p.f lagging. Neglect armature resistance.Use synchronous impedance method.

2. A 3.3kV alternator gave the following test results.

IF (A): 16 25 37.5 50 70

OC Volt (kV): 1.55 2.45 3.3 3.75 4.15

A field current of 18A is found to cause the FL current to flow through the windingduring short circuit. Pre-determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag and lead bym.m.f method.

3. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2000V, 50Hz alternator gave the following testresults.

IF (A): 10 20 30 40 50

OC Volt (V): 800 1500 2000 2350 2600

SC (A) - 200 300 - -

The effective armature resistance is 0.4Ω. Estimate the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.flag and lead by ampere-turn method.

4. The no-load excitation of a non-salient pole alternator required to give rated voltage is90A. In a short circuit test, with full load current flowing in the armature, the fieldexcitation was 70A. Determine the excitation that will be required to give full loadcurrent at 0.8 p.f lag at rated voltage.

5. From the following test results, determine the voltage regulation of a 2000V, 1φalternator delivering a load current of 100A, at 0.8p.f leading. Test results: Anexcitation of 2.5A produces a current of 100A in the stator winding on short circuitand an e.m.f of 500V on open circuit. Assume Ra=0.8Ω.

6. A 1000kVA, 11kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 2 Ωper phase. The OCC and z.p.f lag characteristics for FL current are given below. Pre-determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag by z.p.f method.

Course Handout


IF (A) : 20 25 55 70 90

OC Volt (kV) : 5.8 7 12.5 13.75 15

V (kV) for zpf: 0 1.5 8.5 10.5 12.5

7. A 3 phase Y connected, 1500kVA, 6.6kV, 50Hz alternator has synchronousimpedance of (0.4+j6) Ω per phase. It supplies rated current at 0.8 pf lag and normalrated voltage. Estimate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at0.8p.f leading.

8. A 500V, 50kVA, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 0.2 Ωper phase. A field current of 10A produces an armature current of 150A on SC and ane.m.f of 450V on OC. Calculate the voltage regulation at 85% load, 0.8 p.f lag.

9. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following testresults at normal speed.

IF (A) : 10 20 25 30 40

OC Volt (V) : 800 1500 1760 2000 2350

With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 20A to circulate 200A.Ra=0.755 Ω per phase. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead andu.p.f.

10. A 3 phase Y connected, 2000kVA, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following testresults at normal speed.

IF (A) : 14 18 23 30 43

OC Volt (V) : 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 16A to circulate FL current.Ra=1.5Ω across 2 terminals. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, leadand u.p.f.

11. A 3 phase Y connected, alternator required a field current of 4A to give an OC voltageof 415V. A field current of 3A gives a current of 100A in the armature on SC. Findthe field current when the machine supplies a load of 415V, 80A at a lagging p.f of0.8. Assume both OCC and SCC to be linear through the origin.

Ra=0.2Ωper phase.

Course Handout


12. A 5000kVA, 6.6kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of0.075 Ω per phase. Estimate by zpf method the regulation for a load of 500A at p.f (i)unity (ii) 0.9leading (iii) 0.71 lagging from the following OCC and zpf FL curves.

IF (A) : 32 50 75 100 140

OC Volt (kV) : 3100 4900 3810 7500 8300

V (kV) for zpf: 0 1850 4250 5800 7000

13. A 3 phase Y connected, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results atnormal speed.

IF (A) : 14 18 23 30 43

OC Volt (V) : 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 17 A to circulate FL currentand when the m/c is supplying FL 2000kVA at zpf, the field current is 42.5A at ratedterminal voltage of 6000V. Determine the FL regulation at u.p.f & 0.8p.f lag.

14. A 5000kVA, 2 pole, 50Hz alternator has a rated line voltage of 4160V. The opencircuit characteristics is

If(A): 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Line Voltage (V):1250 2500 3650 4450 4950 5150 5300 5440 5530 5600

When the alternator terminals are short circuited, a field current of 84A is required tocirculate full-load current. Use m.m.f. method to find regulation at full load, ratedvoltage and power factors of (a) unity (b) 0.8 lagging. The alternator is star connected.Neglect armature resistance.

15. The open circuit characteristics of a 6 pole, 440V, 50Hz, 3 phase, star connectedalternator is as under:

If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14

E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592

A field current of 7A is required to circulate full-load rated armature current of 40Aunder short circuit conditions. The field current for rated terminal voltage under full-load zero power conditions is 15A. The armature resistance is 0.2 ohms per phase.Find regulation at full load current of 40A at 0.8pf lagging power factor, using Potiermethod.

Course Handout


16. The open circuit, short circuit and FL zero p.f. tests on a 6 pole 440V, 50 Hz 3 phase Yconnected alternator is shown below:

If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18

E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592 - -

SC line current (A) 11 22 34 40 46 57 69 80 - -

ZPF terminal - - - 0 80 206 314 398 460 504

Voltage (V)

Find the regulation at Full load at 40A at rated voltage and 0.8 p.f. lagging by ZPFmethod. The effective resistance between any two terminals is 0.3 Ω.

17. A 1500 kVA, 6600 V, 3 phase Y connected alternator with a resistance of 0.4 Ω and areactance of 6 Ω per phase, delivers FL current at 0.8 p.f. lagging, and at normal ratedvoltage. Estimate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at0.8.f. leading.

18. A 100 kVA, 2300 V, delta connected polyphase alternator has an effective resistanceper phase of 4 Ω and armature reactance per phase of 11 Ω. At rated load, find thegenerated voltage for (i) u.p.f. (ii) 0.8 leading p.f.

19. A 3 phase, Y connected alternator supplies a load of 10 MW at p.f. of 0.85 lagging andat 11 kV (terminal Voltage). Its resistance is 0.1 Ω per phase and Synchronousreactance 0.66 Ω per phase. Calculate the line value of generated e.m.f.

20. A 10 MVA, 3 phase Y connected 11kV, 2 pole tubo-alternator has a synchronousimpedance of (0.0145+j0.05) ohms per phase. The various losses in the generator areas follows:

Open circuit core loss at 1100V = 90 kW

Windage and Friction loss = 50 kW

Short circuit load loss at 525A = 220 kW

Field Winding Resistance = 3 Ohm

Field Current = 175A

Ignoring the change in field current, compute the efficiency at (i) rated load 0.8 p.f.and (ii) half load at 0.9 p.f. lagging

Course Handout


21. A three phase, 50 Hz, 100kVA, 3000 V star connected alternator has armatureresistance of 0.3 Ω per phase. A field current of 40A produces short circuit current of200A and a line e.m.f. of 1050 V on open circuit. Calculate the full load voltageregulation at 0.8 p.f. leading.

22. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 200

at 400V. The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω .Find the components of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armatureresistance.

23. Following test results are obtained on a 6600 V alternator.

OC Voltage (V): 3100 4900 6600 7500 8300

Field Current (A): 16 25 37.5 50 70

A field current of 20 A is found necessary to circulate FL current on SC of thearmature. Calculate % VR at FL, 0.8pf lag using (i) e.m.f. method (ii) m.m.f. method.Neglect armature resistance and leakage reactance. Take necessary assumptions.

24. A three phase star connected alternator is rated at 1.6MVA, 13,500V. The armatureeffective resistance and synchronous reactance are 2 Ω and 30 Ω respectively perphase. Calculate the percentage voltage regulation for a load of 1.2MW at 0.8 p.f.leading.

25. A 220V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, Y connected alternator with resistance 0.06 Ω per phase gavethe following data for open circuit and Short circuit characteristics.

Find the percentage Voltage Regulation at ¾ th Full load, 0.8 p.f. lag. The Full Loadcurrent is 40A. Use e.m.f. method.

MODULE III

1. The slip test was performed on a 3 phase, 415V star connected syn. m/c. The armaturefluctuates between 4.5A and 7A and the fluctuation in the voltmeter connected acrossthe lines is between 87V and 98V. Estimate the direct axis and quadrature axisreactances. Ra=0.8Ω

2. A 100kVA, 6.6kV, Y connected 3 phase salient pole alternator with Xd=22Ω andXq=12Ω deliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f.

If (A) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3

OC (V) 29 58 87 116 146 172 194 232 261.5 284 300

SC (A) 6.6 13.2 20 26.5 32.4 40 46.3 59

Course Handout


3. A 3 phase Y connected alternator supplies a current of 10A having phase angle 200

lagging at 400V. Find the load angle and components Id and Iq if Xd =10Ω and Xq=6.5Ω. Neglect Ra.

4. A 5kVA, 220V, 3 phase Y connected salient pole alternator with Xd=12Ω and Xq=7Ωdeliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f. Neglect Ra.

5. A salient pole syn. generator has the following pu parameters. Xd=1.1pu andXq=0.7pu, Ra=0.04pu. Calculate the excitation e.m.f in pu when the generator deliversrated kVA at 0.8p.f lagging and at rated terminal voltage. Also find the voltageregulation.

6. A 3 phase 1500 rpm, 50Hz alternator has Xd=0.7pu and Xq=0.4pu. For FL and 0.8p.flag, obtain load angle and no-load pu voltage.

7. A salient pole syn. generator has Xd=1.2pu and Xq=0.8pu and Ra=0.03pu. Calculatepercentage voltage regulation on FL and at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging.

8. A 50Hz, 3 phase, 480V delta connected salient pole alternator has Xd=0.1Ω andXq=0.075Ω. The generator is supplying 1200A at 0.8p.f lagging. Find the excitatione.m.f. Neglect Ra.

9. A 10 kVA, 380 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, Y connected Salient pole alternator has direct andquadrature axis reactances of 12 Ω and 8 Ω respectively. The armature has aresistance of 1 Ω per phase. The generator delivers rated load at 0.8 p.f. lag, withterminal voltage being maintained at rated value. If the load angle is 16.150, determinethe direct axis and quadrature axis component of armature current and excitationvoltage.

10. A Salient pole synchronous machine with 4 pole ac winding is charged coupled to aprime mover and excited with a current of 50 Hz frequency. The rotor winding isopen. The per phase voltage and current for a phase of machine are 30 V, 25 V, 10 Aand 6.5 A. Find Xd and Xq

11. A Salient pole synchronous machine with 4 pole a.c winding is charge coupled to aprime mover and excited with a current of 50Hz frequency. The rotor winding isopen. The per phase voltage and current for a phase of machine are 30V, 25V, 10Aand 6.5A. Calculate Xd and Xq.

12. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 200

at 400V. The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω .Find the components of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armatureresistance.

13. An alternator has a direct axis synchronous reactance of 0.8 p.u. and quadrature axissynchronous reactance 0f 0.5 p.u. Draw the phasor diagram for Full Load at laggingp.f. 0.8. Find the p.u. value of open circuit Voltage with full load excitation. Neglectarmature resistance and saturation.

14. A 3.5MVA slow speed three phase Synchronous generator rated for 6.6kV has 32poles. Its direct and quadrature synchronous reactance as measured by slip test are 9.6Ω and 6 Ω respectively. Neglecting armature resistance, determine the Voltageregulation and excitation e.m.f. needed to maintain 6.6 kV at its terminals whensupplying a load of 2.5 MW at 0.8 p.f. lag.

Course Handout


PARALLEL OPERATION

1. Two exactly similar turbo-alternators are rated at 25MW each. They are running inparallel. The speed load characteristics of the driving turbines are such that the frequencyof alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50 Hz on no-load to 48Hz on full load, and that ofalternator 2 from 50Hz to 48.5Hz. How will the 2 machines share a load of 30MW? Whatmaximum load can be supplied without overloading each of them?

2. Two similar 1500 kVA Alternators operate in parallel. Their prime mover characteristicsare such that the frequency of Alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50.5 Hz on no load to 49Hz on full load and that of Alternator 2 from 50 Hz to 48 Hz. How will the twoAlternators share a load of 2250 Kw?

3. Two parallel running alternators have e.m.f.s of 1000V per phase. The synchronousimpedances are (0.1+j 2.0) ohm and (0.2+j 3.2) ohm. They supply a load of (2 +jl) ohmper phase. Find their terminal voltage, load currents, power outputs and no-loadcirculating current for a phase difference of 10 electrical degrees.

4. Two alternators working in parallel supply a common load of (300 +j400)kVA. OneAlternator is load to 200 kW at 0.8 pf lagging. What is the load shared by otherAlternator? Also determine the p.f. of the second alternator.

5. Two identical 3- phase, Y-connected generators, operating in parallel, share a total load of750 kW at 6000V and p.f . 0.8. Each machine supplies half the power initially. Thesynchronous impedance of each machine is (2.5 + j50) per phase. The field of firstgenerator is excited so that the armature current is 40A lagging. Find (i) the armaturecurrent of the second machine (ii) the power factor of each machine and (iii) the e.m.f. ofeach machine.

6. An impedance of (10 + j5) ohm is supplied from two alternators A and B connected onparallel. The induced e.m.f s of each machine is 220V and EA leads EB by 200. Theequivalent synchronous impedances of two machines are ZA = (0.2 + j3) ohm and ZB =(0.25 + j4) ohm. Determine the current and power delivered by each machine and also thetotal load current and power.

7. Two similar alternators operating in parallel have the following data:Alternator 1 – capacity 799 kW, frequency drops from 50 Hz at no-load to 48.5 Hz at FL.

Alternator 2 – capacity 700 kW, frequency drops from 50.5 Hz at no-load to 48 Hz at FL

Speed regulation is linear for the prime movers.

(i) Calculate how a total load of 1200 kW is shared between the alternators. Also find theoperating frequency. (ii) Compute the maximum load that these two units can deliverwithout overloading either of them.

8. Two alternators A and B are operating in parallel on no-load have the following data:Capacity of machine A – 100 MW and that of machine B – 75 MW. Speed regulationlinear in each case. For alternator A, speed drop from NL to FL = 3%. For alternator Balso, speed drop from NL to FL = 3%. Calculate the load shared and the bus frequency,when the total load is 125 MW. No-load frequency is 50 Hz.

Course Handout


9. Two alternators A and B operate in parallel and supply a load of 8MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging.The power output of A is adjusted to 5000 kW by changing its steam supply and its p.f. isadjusted to 0.9 lagging by changing its excitation. Find the p.f. of the alternator B.

10. Two similar 20 MW alternators operate in parallel. The speed load characteristics of thedriving turbines are such that the frequency of alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50 Hzon no-load to 48Hz on full load, and that of alternator 2 from 50Hz to 48.5Hz. How willthe 2 machines share a load of 30MW?

MODULE IV

SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

1. A 400 V, 3 phase star connected Synchronous motor takes 5 kW at normal voltage andhas an impedance of (1 + j9) ohms per phase. Calculate the current and pf, if theinduced e.m.f is 475 V.

2. A 2200V, three phase star connected Synchronous motor has a resistance of 0.22 ohmand a reactance of 2.4 ohm per phase. The motor is operating at 0.6 p.f. lead with acurrent of 180A. Determine the generated e.m.f per phase.

3. A 150kW, 2.3kV, 3 phase, 50Hz, 1000 rpm Synchronous motor has Xd= 32 ohm andXq= 22 ohm per phase. Calculate the torque developed by the motor, if the fieldexcitation is so adjusted so as to make the back e.m.f. twice the applied voltage. Loadangle = 180.

4. A 600 V, 6 pole, three phase star connected Synchronous motor has a Synchronousimpedance of (0.4 + j 7) ohm. It takes a current of 15 A at u.p.f., when operating with acertain field current. With the field current remaining constant, the load torque isincreased until the motor draws a current of 50A. Find the torque developed and thenew power factor.

5. A 6600V, star connected 3- phase Synchronous motor works at constant voltage andexcitation. Its Synchronous reactance is 20 ohm per phase when input power is 1000kWand p.f 0.8 lead. Resistance may be neglected. Find the load angle and p.f when theinput is increased to 1500kW.

6. A 415V, 3 phase, star connected Synchronous motor gives a net output mechanicalpower of 7.5 kW and operates at 0.8 pf leading. Its effective resistance per phase is 0.9ohm. If the iron, friction and field copper losses are 125W, 75W and 100Wrespectively, estimate the current drawn by the motor and overall efficiency.

7. A 6600V star connected 3-phase Synchronous motor works at constant voltage andconstant excitation. Its Synchronous impedance is (2.0+ j20) ohm per phase, when theinput 1000kW the p.f. is 0.8 leading. Find the p.f when the input is increased to1500kW.

8. A 2200V, star connected Synchronous motor has an effective resistance of 0.2 ohm andSynchronous reactance of 2.2 ohm per phase. The input is 800 kW at rated voltage andinduced e.m.f is 2500V. Calculate line current and power factor.

9. A 1500kW, 3 phase Y connected, 3.3kV Synchronous Motor has reactances of Xd = 5ohm and Xq= 3 ohm per phase. All losses are neglected. Calculate the excitation e.m.f.when the motor is supplying rated load at unity p.f. Also calculate maximummechanical power that the motor can supply with the excitation held constant at thisvalue.

Course Handout


10. A 75 kW, 400V, 4 pole, 3 phase, Y connected Synchronous Motor has a resistance andreactance per phase of 0.04 ohm and 0.4 ohm resp. Compute Full load 0.8 p.f. lead, theopen circuit e.m.f. per phase and gross mechanical power developed. Assume anefficiency of 92.5%.

11. A star connected Synchronous Motor rated 187 kVA, three phase, 2300V, 47A, 50 Hz.,187.5 r.p.m. has an effective resistance of 1.5 ohm and reactance of 20 ohm per phase.Determine the power developed internally by the motor when it is operating at ratedcurrent and 0.8 p.f. leading.

12. A 2000V, star connected Synchronous motor has an effective resistance of 0.2 ohm andSynchronous reactance of 2.2 ohm per phase. The input is 800 kW at rated voltage andinduced e.m.f is 2500V. Calculate line current and power factor.

13. A 750kW, 11kV, 3 phase, Y connected Synchronous Motor has a synchronousreactance of 35 Ohm / phase and negligible resistance. Determine the excitation e.m.f.per phase when the motor is operating on Full load at 0.8 p.f. leading and whenoperated with 93% efficiency.

14. A 2.3 kV, 3 phase star connected Synchronous Motor has Zs = (0.2 + j2.2) Ω. Themotor is operating at 0.5 pf leading with a line current of 200A. Determine thegenerated e.m.f. per phase.

INDUCTION MOTORS

1. A 12 pole, 3 phase alternator is coupled to an engine running at 500 r.p.m. It supplies anInduction motor which has a full load speed of 1440 r.p.m. Find the slip and no: of polesof the motor?

2. The frequency of emf in the stator of a 4 pole Induction Motor is 50 Hz and that in therotor is 1.5Hz. What is the slip and at what speed the motor is running?

3. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, Induction Motor has a slip of 1% at no-load and 3% at Fullload. Determine (a) Synchronous speed (b) no-load speed (c) full load speed (d)frequency of rotor current at standstill (e) frequency of rotor current at full load.

4. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a shaft torque of 108.3 Nm at full loadand running at 970 rpm. Calculate (i) rotor copper loss (ii) power input to the rotor.Mechanical losses account for 120W.

5. A 415V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a torque of 101.6 Nm at 1410r.p.m. with a p.f. of 0.87 when the supply frequency is 48.5 Hz. If the mechanical torquelost in friction is 4 Nm and stator losses total 950W, find the (i) slip (ii) rotor copper loss(iii) Input power (iv) Line Current

6. A 3.3kV, 20 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has rotor resistance and standstillreactance of 0.014Ω and 0.113Ω per phase respectively. Calculate (a) speed at whichtorque developed is maximum (b) the ratio of FL torque to maximum torque, if FL torqueis delivered at 288 r.p.m.

7. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 580V, 50 Hz, Induction Motor develops 20 hp at 950 rpm with a pf of0.86. The mechanical losses total 1 hp. Calculate for this load (i) rotor copper loss (ii)torque output in Nm. (iii) Line current. Assume stator loss (total) – 1kW.

Course Handout


8. The power input to a 500V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 975 r.p.m is40kW. Stator losses total 1 kW and Mechanical losses total 2 kW. Calculate the (a) slip(b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ of the motor (d) power output (e) shaft torque.

9. An Induction Motor has an ŋ of 90% when the load is 50 hp. At this load, the statorcopper loss, rotor copper loss and iron loss are all equal. The mechanical losses are onethird of the iron loss. Calculate the slip.

10. A 3000V, 24 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase, Y connected Induction Motor has a slip ring rotor ofresistance 0.016 Ω and standstill reactance of 0.265 Ω per phase. Full load torque isobtained at a speed of 247 rpm. Calculate the (i) the ratio of maximum torque to full loadtorque (ii) speed at maximum torque. Neglect stator impedance

11. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs on FL with a slip of 4%. Given the rotorstandstill impedance per phase as (0.01+j0.05) Ω. Calculate the available maximumtorque in terms of FL torque. Also determine the speed at which maximum torque occurs.

12. The power input to a 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor is 42 kW, the speed being1455 r.p.m. The stator losses are 1.2 kW and mechanical losses are 1.8 kW. Find (a) therotor input (b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ

13. A 8 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor has a standstill rotor impedance perphase as (0.04+j0.15) Ω. Find the speed at which maximum torque occurs.

14. The power input to a 3 phase Induction Motor is 60kW. The Stator losses total to1 kW.Find the total mechanical power developed and the rotor copper loss per phase, if themotor is running with a slip of 3%.

15. A 440V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a mechanical load of 15 kW at950 r.p.m with a p.f. of 0.84. The mechanical losses total 0.75 kW. Calculate for this loadthe following quantities. (a) slip (b) the rotor copper loss (c) the input if the stator lossestotal 1.5 kW (d) the line current.

16. A 6 pole, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 30kW including mechanical losses of 2 kWat a speed of 950 rpm on 550V, 50 Hz mains. The pf is 0.88. Calculate (i) slip (ii) rotorcopper loss (iii) total input if stator losses are 200W (iv) the line current.

17. The power input to the rotor of a 3 phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole, Slip ring Induction Motor is40kW and the motor runs at 960 rpm. The rotor resistance per phase is 0.25 Ω. Determinethe rotor current per phase.

18. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 5 kW at 950 r.p.m. What is the statorinput and ŋ if stator loss is 300 W. Assume mechanical losses as 0.25kW.

19. A 3 phase Induction Motor with star connected rotor has an induced emf of 65V betweenthe slip rings at standstill on open circuit with normal voltage applied to the stator. Theresistance and standstill reactance of rotor per phase are 0.7 Ω and 3.5 Ω respectively.Calculate the current per phase in the rotor winding when (a) the slip rings are shortcircuited at standstill (b) the slip rings are connected to a star connected rheostat of 4 Ωper phase and (c) slip rings are short circuited with 4% slip at running condition.

20. A 400 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor with a star connected rotor has 3 sliprings brought out to the terminal box. The induced e.m.f between slip rings is 60V onopen circuit at standstill condition with 400V, 50 Hz applied to the stator. The resistanceand standstill reactance of each rotor per phase are 0.6 Ω and 4 Ω respectively. Calculatethe current per phase in the rotor (a) at standstill when the rotor is connected to a starconnected impedance with resistance 5 Ω and reactance 2 Ω per phase and (b) whenrunning short circuited with a slip of 4%.

Course Handout


21. The power input to the rotor of a 400V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 3 phase slip ring induction motor is75 kW. The rotor e.m.f makes 100 complete alternations per minute. Calculate (a) therotor speed (b) mechanical power developed (c) rotor resistance per phase, if the rotorcurrent is 60A.

22. A 400V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase star connected Induction motor has the following perphase parameters referred to stator. R1 = 0.6 Ω, X1 = 1.1 Ω, R2

’ = 0.3 Ω, X2’ = 0.5 Ω, X0 =

25 Ω. The mechanical losses are 1000W and stator core losses are 500W. The slip is 3%.Using approximate equivalent circuit, find (i) speed (ii) stator current (iii) stator pf (iv)power input to rotor (v) gross torque (vi) shaft torque (vii) efficiency (viii) rotor copperloss / phase. Neglect R0.

23. A 500V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor has a stator impedanceper phase of (0.05+j0.20) Ω. The equivalent rotor impedance at standstill is the same. Themagnetizing current is 50A and the core loss is 2000W. The mechanical loss is 750W.Calculate the output, input and p.f at a rotor speed of 1470 r.p.m.

24. A 400 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has a star connected stator whoseimpedance is represented by (0.5+j1.5) Ω. The equivalent resistance and standstillleakage reactance of the rotor referred to the stator phase are 1 Ω and 2 Ω respectively.Determine the current drawn from the supply and torque in synchronous watts when themotor is running at a speed of 1400 r.p.m.

25. A 400V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor gave the followingresults on no-load and short circuit tests.No-load Test (line values) 400V 3A 645W

Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 12A 1660W

The friction and windage losses amount to 183W. Determine the working and themagnetizing components of no-load current, no-load p.f., no-load resistance Ro andreactance Xo, equivalent resistance and reactance per phase as referred to primary, powerfactor on short circuit and short circuit current with normal applied voltage of 400Vacross the stator. Stator resistance may be assumed to be 5 Ω. Also draw the appr.equivalent ckt. referred to stator.

26. A 6 pole, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 30 hp including mechanical losses of 2 hp ata speed of 950 rpm on a 550V, 50 Hz mains. The pf is 0.88. Calculate for this load (i)slip (ii) rotor copper loss (iii) total input if the stator losses are 2000W (iv) efficiency (v)line current (vi) no. of complete cycles per minute for the rotor emf.

27. A 3 phase 500V, 50 Hz Induction Motor with 6 poles gives an output of 20kWbat 950r.p.m with a p.f. of 0.8. The mechanical losses total 1 kW. Calculate for this load thefollowing quantities. (a) slip (b) the rotor copper loss (c) the input if the stator losses total1500W (d) the line current.

28. A 3 phase Induction Motor with star connected rotor has an induced emf of 85V betweenthe slip rings at standstill on open circuit. The rotor has resistance and reactance of 1 Ωand 4 Ω per phase respectively. Calculate the rotor current and power factor when (a) theslip rings are short circuited (b) the slip rings are connected to a star connected rheostat of3 Ω per phase.

Course Handout


29. A 400 V, 40 hp, 50Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor gave the following test data:No-load test: 400 V, 20 A, 1200 W

Blocked Rotor test: 100V, 45A, 2750 W

Stator DC resistance per phase is 0.01 Ω. The ratio of ac to dc resistance is 1.5. Frictionand windage loss is 300 W. Calculate the circuit elements of the approximate equivalentcircuit of the motor.

MODULE V

CIRCLE DIAGRAM

1. A 20 h.p., 400V, 50 Hz, three phase star connected Induction Motor gave the followingtest results. Assume 4 pole.

No load Test : 400V 9A p.f. – 0.2

Blocked rotor test : 200V 50A p.f. – 0.4

Stator and rotor copper losses were equal in the blocked rotor test. Draw the circlediagram and determine at Full load (i) Line Current (ii) p.f. (iii) Speed (iv) Efficiency

2. Draw the circle diagram of a three phase delta connected 30hp, 500V, 4 pole, 50 Hz CageInduction Motor. The figures given below give the measurements of line current andvoltage and readings of 2 wattmeters.

No load test : 500V 8.3A +2.85kW -1.35kW

Block rotor test : 100V 32A -0.75kW +2.35kW.

Find from circle diagram for FL (i) Line current (ii) Power factor (iii) Efficiency (iv)Max.O/P

3. A 5 h.p., 220V 6 pole three phase squirrel Cage Induction Motor having Y connectedStator yielded the following test results.

No load Test : 220V 5.25A 460W

Blocked rotor test : 110V 16A p.f. 0.4

The a.c. resistance of the stator winding per phase is 0.6 Ω. Draw the equivalent circuitof the motor for a slip of 3% assuming the standstill rotor reactance is equal to that of thestator. Also find the efficiency.

4. A 400 V, 3 phase, 6 pole, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.No load Test : 400V 7A 0.15 pf.

Blocked rotor test : 200V 38A 0.35 pf.

Course Handout


The stator is delta connected and the resistance between two terminals is 1Ω.Determine the Out put, Torque developed in Nm and Efficiency when the input current is25A.

5. A 400V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor gave the followingresults on no-load and short circuit tests.No-load Test (line values) 400V 8A 0.16 p.f.Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 39A 0.36 p.f.Determine the mechanical output, torque and slip when the motor draws a current of 30Afrom the mains. Assume the stator and rotor copper losses to be equal.

6. The following test results relates to a 30kW, 500V, 6 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz deltaconnected induction motor.No-load Test 500V 18A 1.2 kWShort circuit Test 250V 100A 11 kWStator resistance per phase is 0.6 Ω. Construct the circle diagram and find (a) line current,p.f. and slip at FL and (b) the maximum output

7. The real power input to a 415V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 970r.p.m is 41kW. The input pf is 0.9. Stator losses amount to 1.1 kW and Mechanical lossestotal 1.2 kW. Calculate the (a) Line current (b) slip (c) rotor copper loss (d) Mechanicalpower output (e) ŋ of the motor (f) Torque.

8. A 415V, 50 Hz, delta connected 3 phase induction Motor gave the following test results:

No load Test : 415V 9.1A 1,200 W

Blocked rotor test : 120V 16.8A 1,470 W

Stator resistance per phase = 2.51 Ω. Find the parameters of the equivalent circuit.

9. A 415 V, 29.84kW, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.

No load Test : 415V 21A 1,250 W

Blocked rotor test : 100V 45A 2,730 W

Construct the circle diagram and determine (i) Line current, p.f. and efficiency for therated output (ii) Maximum torque and corresponding slip. Assume stator and rotor copperlosses equal at standstill.

10. A 400 V, 3 phase, 50Hz, Star connected Induction motor gave the following test results.

No load Test : 400V 8.5A 1,100 W


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Calculate the line current & power factor at 4% slip. The stator resistance per phase is0.5Ω.

11. The following are the test results on a 440V, 18.65 kW, 4 pole, three phase deltaconnected Induction Motor.:

No-load test: 440V, 7.5A, 1050W

Blocked Rotor test: 100V, 32A, 2000W

Draw the circle diagram and determine:

(a) Line current, efficiency and power factor for full load output(b) Starting torque and maximum torque

Assume ratio of stator copper loss to rotor copper loss at standstill is 7:6.

SPEED CONTROL AND SRTARTING

1. A fractional kW three phase Induction Motor has its blocked rotor current at normalvoltage 6 times the FL current and FL slip is 5%. Estimate the starting current andstarting torque developed if stator resistance starter is used to reduce the applied voltageto 60% of normal value.

2. Estimate approximately the starting torque of a three phase Induction motor in terms ofits FL torque when started by means of (i) an autotransformer starter with 60% tappingand (ii) a star delta starter. The motor draws 6 times the FL current when switched ONdirectly and FL slip is 4%.

3. A 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz Induction Motor takes 40A at full load of 1440 rpm, anddevelops a torque of 100Nm at Full load. The starting current at rated voltage is 200A.What is the starting torque? If a star-delta starter is used, what is the starting torque andstarting current? Neglect magnetizing current.

4. Calculate the values of resistance elements of a 4 step starter for a three phase 400VWound rotor Induction Motor. The FL slip is 3% and the maximum starting current islimited to FL value. Rotor resistance per phase is 0.015Ω.

5. A 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has its rotor winding resistance as0.22Ω / phase and runs at 1440 rpm on full load. Calculate the approximate value ofresistance to be added to the rotor circuit / phase so as to reduce the speed by 15% withthe same torque developed.

6. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, Induction Motor when fully loaded, runs with a slip of 3%.Find the value of resistance necessary in series per phase of the motor to reduce thespeed by 10%. Assume that the resistance of the rotor per phase is 0.2 Ω. (Assume sametorque developed)

7. A 4 pole, 50Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor is cumulatively cascaded with a 6pole Induction motor. Determine the frequency of the rotor current in the two motors andtheir slip referred to respective stator field if the set has a slip of 3%.

8. The rotor of a 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a resistance of 0.3 Ω perphase and runs at 1440 rpm at full load. Calculate the value of external resistance per

Course Handout


phase which must be added to lower the speed to 1320 rpm, the torque being the same asbefore.

9. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a rotor winding resistance of 0.08Ω per phase. If its stalling speed is 800 rpm, find approximately the value of externalresistance to be added in the rotor resistance starter to obtain maximum torque at starting.

10. Determine the suitable tapping on an auto transformer starter for an Induction Motorrequired to start the motor with 36% of the full load torque. The short circuit current ofthe motor is 5 times the full load current and full load slip is 4%. Also determine thecurrent in the supply leads as a percentage of full load current.

11. A 3 phase Squirrel cage Induction motor has a starting current 175% of full load linecurrent and develops 35% of full load torque when operated by a star-delta starter. Whatshould be the starting torque and current if an auto transformer starter with 80% tappingis employed?

12. A 3 phase Squirrel cage Induction motor takes 150% of full load line current anddevelops 30% of full load torque at starting, when operated by a star-delta starter. Whatshould be the starting torque and current if an auto transformer starter with 80% tappingis employed?

13. A Slip ring Induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.03 Ω and a standstill reactance of0.12 Ω. Find approximately the value of external resistance to be added to the rotorresistance starter in order to develop maximum torque at starting.

14. Calculate the steps in a 5 section rotor starter of a 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor, forwhich the starting current should not exceed the full load current, the full load slip is1.8% and rotor resistance is 0.015 Ω per phase.

15. Calculate the steps in a 4 section rotor starter of a 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor,from the following data:Max. starting current = FL current; FL slip = 0.04; Rotor resistance per phase = 0.075 Ω.

16. A 5 step starter for a Slip ring IM is to be designed. The resistance per phase of the rotoris 0.05 Ω and the slip on full load is 3%. The motor is to be started with maximumcurrent equal to full load current. Calculate the resistance in each of the 5 steps of thestarter.

17. Design the 5 sections of a 6 stud starter for a three phase Wound rotor IM. The slip at fullload is 2% and the starting current is 1.5 times the full load current. The rotor resistanceis 0.2 Ω per phase.

18. Determine the starting torque of a three phase IM in terms of full load torque whenstarted by means (i) star delta starter (ii) auto transformer with 50% tapping. Ignoremagnetizing current. The short circuit current of the motor at normal voltage is 5 timesthe full load current and full load slip is 5%.

19. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance of three phase IM are respectively 0.015 Ωand 0.09 Ω per phase. At normal voltage, full load slip is 3 %. Estimate the percentagereduction in stator voltage to develop full load torque at one half of full load speed. Whatis then the p.f.?

20. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase of a three phase IM arerespectively 0.02 Ω and 0.11 Ω per phase. At normal voltage, full load slip is 4 %.Estimate the percentage reduction in stator voltage to develop full load torque at one halfof full load speed. Also calculate the rotor p.f.

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21. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, slip ring Induction motor is running at 3% slip when developingfull load torque. Its rotor winding resistance and standstill reactance are 0.12 Ω and 0.6Ω per phase respectively. For the same torque developed, calculate the speed of themotor if an external resistance of 0.5 Ω per phase is added in the rotor circuit.

22. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, slip ring Induction motor is cumulatively cascaded with a 4pole motor. The rotor circuit frequency of the 4 pole motor is found to be 2 Hz.Determine the slip in each motor and the combined set speed.

23. A Three Phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor has maximum torque equal to twice thefull load torque. Determine the ratio of motor Starting Torque to its Full Load Torque, ifit is started by (i) DOL Starter (ii) Star / Delta Starter (iii) Auto Transformer starter with70% tap.

24. Determine the starting torque of a three phase Induction Motor in terms of full loadtorque when started by means: (i) Star / Delta Starter (ii) Auto Transformer starter with50% tap. Ignore magnetizing current. The short circuit current of the motor at normalvoltage is 5 times the full load current and full load slip is 4%.

25. A 22kW, 415V, 4 pole, 50 Hz delta connected Squirrel cage, 3 phase Induction Motortakes 39A on full load and operates with a slip of 4%. The total impedance per phase is3.5 Ω. Find approximately the starting current drawn from the supply and the startingtorque developed if the motor is started by a (i) DOL starter (ii) Auto Transformer starterwith 60% tapping and (iii) Star / Delta Starter.

26. A 15kW, 415V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs at 965 rpm on FL with anefficiency 0f 89% and a power factor of 0.87 lagging. In the blocked rotor test, FLcurrent was circulated with a line voltage of 80V. If the motor is to be started by meansof a star – delta starter, find approximately the starting current taken from the supplylines and starting torque developed.

27. A 4 pole and 6 pole Induction Machines are cumulatively cascaded and connected to a 50Hz supply. The frequency in the rotor circuit of the 6 pole motor is found to be 1 Hz.Determine the slip in each motor and the actual speed of the set.

28. A 22kW, 415 V, 3 phase, 50Hz delta connected SCIM takes 39A on Full load andoperates with a slip of 4%. The total impedance per phase is 3.5 ohm. Findapproximately the starting current drawn from the supply and the starting torquedeveloped if the motor is started by (i) DOL starter (ii) Auto transformer starter with 60%tapping (iii) Star-delta starter.

29. The rotor of a 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a resistance of 0.25 Ω perphase and runs at 1440 rpm at full load. Calculate the value of external resistance perphase which must be added to lower the speed to 1200 rpm, the torque being the same asbefore.

30. Determine the suitable autotransformer ratio for starting a 3 phase Induction Motor withline current not exceeding 3 times the FL current. The short circuit current is 5 times theFL current and full load slip is 5%. Estimate the starting torque in terms of FL torque.

31. A 3 phase squirrel cage Induction Motor takes a starting current of 6 times the full loadcurrent. Find the starting torque as a percentage of full load torque if the motor started (a)DOL (b) through a star-delta starter; full load slip of the motor being 4%.

Course Handout


DOUBLE CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS1. In a Double cage Induction motor, if the outer cage has an equivalent impedance at

standstill of (2+j2) Ω & inner cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill of (0.5+j5)Ω, determine the slip at which the two cages develop equal torques.

2. In a Double cage Induction motor, if the outer cage has an equivalent impedance atstandstill of (2+j1.2) Ω & inner cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill of(0.5+j3.5) Ω, determine the slip at which the two cages develop equal torques.

3. A 400 V, 50 Hz, three -phase, star connected Double cage Induction motor has thefollowing parameters. The resistance and reactance values respectively are 2.0Ω and5.0Ω for the stator 2.0Ω and 10.0Ω for the inner cage of the rotor and 4.0Ω and 3.0 Ω forthe outer cage of the rotor. All parameters are phase values and the rotor values are interms of stator. Calculate the starting current, if the motor is started directly on-line. Alsofind the starting torque in Nm if the synchronous speed is 1500 r.p.m.

4. At standstill, the equivalent impedance per phase of the inner and outer cages of aDouble Cage rotor as referred to stator are (0.4+j2) Ω and (2+j0.4) Ω respectively.Calculate the ratio of torques produced by the two cages, (i) at standstill (ii) at 5% slip.

5. The impedances at standstill of the inner and outer cages of a Double Cage rotor are(0.01 + j0.5) Ω and (0.05 + j0.1) Ω respectively. The stator impedance may be assumedto be negligible. Calculate the ratio of the torques due to the two cages (i) at starting and(ii) when running with a slip of 5%.

6. An Induction Motor has a double cage rotor with equivalent impedance at standstill of(1+j1) and (0.2+j4) ohms. Find the relative values of torque given by each cage (a) atstarting (b) at a slip of 5%.

7. A Double Cage Induction Motor (4 pole, 50Hz, 415V, delta connected, 3 phase) has thefollowing equivalent circuit parameters, all of which are per phase values referred tostator:Stator winding: R1 = 1 Ω, X1 = 2.5 Ω, Outer Cage: R0

’ = 2.5 Ω, X0’ = 0.8 Ω, Inner Cage:

Ri’ = 0.6 Ω, Xi

’ = 4.5 Ω. Calculate the starting torque and running torque at a slip of 4%.The shunt branch may be neglected.

8. The cages of a Double Cage Induction Motor has standstill impedance of (3.5+j1.5) Ωand (0.6+j7) Ω respectively. Full load slip is 6%. Find the starting torque at normalvoltage in terms of full load torque. Neglect stator impedance and magnetizing current.

MODULE VI

INDUCTION GENERATOR1. A 3-phase Induction Generator rated for 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 500kW is supplying a

400V grid, the generator being driven by a wind turbine. At a particular wind speed,the generator supplies a real power of 100kW to the grid, the stator current being200A. What is the reactive power drawn from the grid? Sketch the systemconfiguration, indicating the wind turbine and the machine connected to the grid.

2. A 150kW, 400V, 50Hz, 4 pole, star connected induction machine is driven as anInduction Generator supplying power to a three-phase, 400V, 50Hz grid. The rotor ofthe generator is driven at 1560 r.p.m. The real power supplied to the grid is 100kW, at

Course Handout


a power factor of 0.707. What is the value of reactive power drawn from the grid? Ifthe magnetizing current drawn from the supply is 100A and if the generator workswith an efficiency of 95% for this load, estimate the generator rotor resistance interms of stator. Neglect core loss. Draw the phasor diagram of the generatorindicating the stator current, magnetizing current and rotor current, taking the statorphase voltage as the reference.

3. A 3-phase, 4-pole, star-connected, Capacitor excited Induction Generator works witha capacitor bank of 40µ F capacitor /phase connected in delta. The load is star-connected with 10Ω resistance per phase. At a particular speed, the generator gives aterminal voltage of 400 V, 50 Hz. Calculate (i) line current of the generator and (ii)power output of the generator. Draw the circuit arrangement. The generator is drivenby a wind turbine.

SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

1. A 2 pole 240V, 50Hz single-phase induction motor has the following constantsreferred to stator:R1 = 2.2 Ω, X1 = 3.0 Ω, R2

’ = 3.8 Ω, X2’ = 2.1 Ω and X0= 86 Ω.

Find the stator current and input power when the motor is operating at a FL speed of2820 rpm.

2. A 125W, 4 pole, 110V, 50 Hz, single-phase induction motor delivers rated output at aslip of 6%. The total copper loss at full load is 25 W. Calculate the full load efficiencyand the rotor copper loss caused by the backward field. Rotational losses may beassumed to be 25W. Neglect stator copper loss.

3. Calculate the parameters of the equivalent circuit of a capacitor start, single-phase,230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, induction motor.The test result on the motor are as follows :No-Load : 230V 2.5A 120W Blocked Rotor : 80V 6.0A 150WThe effective stator resistance is 2Ω. Calculate the motor output at a slip of 4%.

4. A 230V, 380W, 50 Hz, 4 pole, single phase Induction motor gave the following testresults. No load test : 230V 84W 2.8A

Blocked Rotor test : 110V 460W 6.2 AThe stator winding resistance is 4.6 Ω and during the blocked rotor test, the auxiliarywinding is open. Determine the equivalent circuit parameters.

5. A 220V, single phase Induction motor gave the following test results:No load test: 220V 125W 4.6ABlocked Rotor test: 120V 460W 9.6 AThe stator winding resistance is 1.5 Ω and during the blocked rotor test, the auxiliarywinding is open. Determine the equivalent circuit parameters.

Course Handout


6. A 4 pole, 50Hz, single phase Induction Motor has the power absorbed by forward andbackward field rotor resistance are 200W and 21W respectively at a motor speed of1440 rpm. The mechanical losses total 20W. Compute the shaft torque at that speed.

7. A 50 Hz split phase induction motor has a resistance 5 Ω and an inductive reactanceof 20 Ω in both main and auxiliary winding. Determine the value of resistance andcapacitance to be added in series with auxiliary winding to send the same current ineach winding with the phase difference of 90 degrees

Course Handout


2.4 ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment 1

1. A 3 phase Y connected, 2000kVA, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results atnormal speed.

IF (A): 14 18 23 30 43OC Volt (V): 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 16A to circulate FL current.Ra=1.5Ω across 2 terminals. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead andu.p.f.

2. A 5kVA, 220V, 3 phase Y connected salient pole alternator with Xd=12Ω and Xq=7Ωdeliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f. Neglect Ra.

3. The open circuit, short circuit and FL zero p.f. tests on a 6 pole 440V, 50 Hz 3 phase Yconnected alternator is shown below:

If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592 - -SC line current (A) 11 22 34 40 46 57 69 80 - -ZPF terminal - - - 0 80 206 314 398 460 504Voltage (V)Find the regulation at Full load at 40A at rated voltage and 0.8 p.f. lagging

4. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results atnormal speed.

IF (A) : 10 20 25 30 40OC Volt (V) : 800 1500 1760 2000 2350With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 20A to circulate 200A.Ra=0.755 Ω per phase. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and u.p.f.

5. A 5000kVA, 6.6kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 0.075 Ω perphase. Estimate by zpf method the regulation for a load of 500A at p.f (i) unity (ii) 0.9leading (iii)0.71 lagging from the following OCC and zpf FL curves.IF (A) : 32 50 75 100 140OC Volt (kV) : 3100 4900 3810 7500 8300V (kV) for zpf: 0 1850 4250 5800 7000

6. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 200 at 400V.The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω . Find the componentsof armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armature resistance.

Course Handout


Assignment 2

1. An Induction motor has an efficiency of 91% when it delivers an output of 22 kW. Atthis load, the stator copper loss equals rotor copper loss and the total loss equals straylosses. The mechanical losses are on fourth the stray losses. Calculate the slip.

2. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs on FL with a slip of 4%. Given therotor standstill impedance per phase as (0.01+j0.05) Ω. Calculate the availablemaximum torque in terms of FL torque. Also determine the speed at which maximumtorque occurs.

3. Show that in an Induction motor, “Air gap power : rotor copper losses : powerdeveloped = 1 : s : (1-s) ”, where ‘s’ is fractional slip.

4. A 400V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor gave the followingresults on no-load and short circuit tests.No-load Test (line values) 400V 8A 0.16 p.f.Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 39A 0.36 p.f.Determine the mechanical output, torque and slip when the motor draws a current of30A from the mains. Assume the stator and rotor copper losses to be equal.

5. The power input to a 500V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 975 r.p.m is40kW. Stator losses total 1 kW and Mechanical losses total 2 kW. Calculate the (a)slip (b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ of the motor (d) power output (e) shaft torque.

6. A 3.3kV, 20 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has rotor resistance and standstillreactance of 0.014Ω and 0.113Ω per phase respectively. Calculate (a) speed at whichtorque developed is maximum (b) the ratio of FL torque to maximum torque, if FLtorque is delivered at 288 r.p.m.

7. A 415 V, 29.84kW, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.No load Test : 415V 21A 1,250 W


Construct the circle diagram and determine (i) Line current, p.f. and efficiency for therated output (ii) Maximum torque and corresponding slip. Assume stator and rotorcopper losses equal at standstill.

Course Handout


3. EE204 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ANDLOGIC DESIGN

Course Handout



PROGRAMME: Electrical &Electronics Engineering

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: Digital Electronicsand Logic Design

SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: EE 204REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:Electronic Engineering

CONTACT HOURS: 2+1(Tutorial)hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LABCOURSE CODE (IF ANY): Nil

LAB COURSE NAME: Nil


I

Number Systems and Codes : Binary, Octal andhexadecimal conversions- ASCII code, Excess -3 code,Gray code, Error detection and correction - Paritygenerators and checkers – Fixed point and floating pointarithmetic. Binary addition and subtraction, unsigned andsigned numbers, 1's complement and 2’s complementarithmetic.

7

II

TTL logic and CMOS logic - Logic gates, Universal gates- Boolean Laws and theorems, Sum of Products method,Product of Sum method – K map representation andsimplification(upto four variables) - Pairs, Quads, Octets,Dont care conditions.

7

III

Combinational circuits: Adders _ Full adder and halfadder – Subtractors, halfsubtractor and fullsubtractor –Carry Look ahead adders – ALU(block diagram only).Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Encoders, BCD to decimeldecoders.

7

IV

Sequential circuits: Flip-Flops, SR, JK, D and T flip-flops, JK Master Slave Flip-flop, Conversion of flip-flops, Registers -SISO,SIPO, PISO, PIPO.Counters : Asynchronous Counters – Modulus of acounter – Mod N counters.

8

V

Synchronous counters: Preset and clear modes, CounterSynthesis: Ring counter, Johnson Counter, Mod Ncounter, Decade counter.

7

Course Handout


State Machines: State transition diagram, Moore andMealy Machines – Design equation and circuit diagram

VI

Digital to Analog conversion – R-2R ladder, weightedresistors. Analog to Digital Conversion - Flash ADC,Successive approximation, Integrating ADC.Memory Basics, Read and Write, Addressing, ROMs,PROMs and EPROMs, RAMs, Sequential ProgrammableLogic Devices - PAL, PLA, FPGA (Introduction andbasic concepts only) Introduction to VHDL,Implementation of AND, OR, half adder and full adder.

8

TOTAL HOURS 44


T Floyd T.L, Digital Fundamentals , 10/e, Pearson Education, 2011

T Sudhakar and Shyam Mohan- Circuits and Networks: Analysis andSynthesis, 5e, Mc Graw Hill EducationC.H.Roth and L.L.KimneyFundamentals of Logic Design, 7/e, Cengage Learning, 2013

R Donald P Leach, Albert Paul Malvino and GoutamSaha., DigitalPrinciples and Applications, 8/e, by Mc Graw Hill

R Mano M.M, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4/e, ,Pearson Education

R D Roy Chaudhuri: Networks and Systems, New AgePublishersTocci R.J and N.S.Widmer, Digital Systems, Principlesand Applications, 11/e, , Pearson Education.

R John F. Wakerly, Digital Design: Principles and Practices, 4/e, ,Pearson, 2005

R Taub & Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, McGrawHill,1997


EC 100 Basic of ElectronicsEngineering

Digital ICs: Logic Gates S1

Course Handout


COURSE OBJECTIVES:1 To impart knowledge about digital logic and to gain the ability to design

various digital circuits.

COURSE OUTCOMES:SNO

DESCRIPTION BLOOM’STAXONOMY

LEVEL

1 Students will be able to distinguish the differentnumber systems and be able to convert from oneform to other.

Comprehension[Level 2]

2 Students will be able to use the laws of Booleanalgebra to simplify circuits.


3 Students will be able to design combinational andsequential circuits.

Synthesis[Level 5]

4 Students will be able to define the significance ofstate machines.

Knowledge[Level 1]

5 Students will be able to interpret programmablelogic circuit devices and it's usage.

Analysis[Level 4]

MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES(POs) AND COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFICOUTCOMES (PSOs)

PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO10

PO11

PO12

PSO1

PSO2

PSO3

C 204.1 3 3 2 2 3 2C 204. 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2C204. 3 2 2 2 1 2C204. 4 2 2 1 1C204. 5 1 1 2 1EE 204 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 1

Course Handout


JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:Mapping L/H/M JustificationC204.1-PO1

H Student will be able to apply the knowledge ofEngineering fundamentals to convert analog signals todigital.

C204.1-PO2

H Student will be able to formulate and analyze differentnumber systems and represent signed numbers.

C204.1-PO3

M Student will be to able to interpret digital representationsfor analysis.

C204.1-PO5

M Student will be able to predict and model complexsystems using logic.

C204.1-PO12

H As technology is advancing at a fast rate the awareness ofdigital theory helps to understand the upcomingelectronic devices.

C204.2-PO1

H Student will be able apply the Boolean algebra toEngineering fundamentals

C204.2-PO2

M Student will be able to identify, formulate and analyzecomplex problem with gate logic.

C204.2-PO3

M Student will be able to design solutions for complexproblems using the Boolean logic.

C204.2-PO5

M Student will be able to apply appropriate digitaltechnique

C204.2-PO12

M Logic gate understanding aids in understanding theupcoming trends in technology

C204.3-PO1

M Student will be able apply the combinational andsequential circuit design

C204.3-PO2

M The circuit design helps to understand the first principlesof Engineering science

C204.3-PO12

M Students will be able to understand the technology up-gradation with the knowledge of combinational andsequential circuits.

C204.4-PO1

M State machines will help to understand complexEngineering problems.

C204.4-PO2

M Students will be able to brief in conclusions forEngineering problems.

Course Handout


C204.5-PO1

L Students will get some knowledge of programmablelogic circuits

C204.5-PO2

L Students will be able to understand the problems usingprogrammable logic circuits

C204.5-PO12

M The awareness of programmable logic circuits will helpthem to recognize and prepare for the technologicalchanges.

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSIONREQUIREMENTS:SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

ACTIONSRELEVANCE

WITH POsELEVANCEWITH PSOs

1. Applicationbased design oflogic gates

AdditionalClass

4, 6, 10 1, 2

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYONDSYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUESTLECTURER/NPTEL ETC

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:SLNO.

DESCRIPTION PROPOSEDACTIONS

RELEVANCEWITH Pos

RELEVANCE WITHPSOs

1 Introduction toLogic Lab

Familiarization todesign logiccircuits

5, 6,12 1,2

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:12

http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106086/http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/labs/tutorial/

Course Handout


DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

CHALK &

TALK

STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB

RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT

ASSIGNMENT

S

STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODELEXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES

STUD.

VIVA

MINI/MAJORPROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT

ASSESSMENT OF COURSE

OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS

Prepared by Approved by

Dr. Elizabeth Rita Samuel Ms.Santhi BHOD EEE

Course Handout


3.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No Module PlannedDate

Planned

1 1 02-Feb-17 Number Systems and Codes : Binary. Binaryaddition and subtraction.

2 1 03-Feb-17 unsigned and signed numbers, 1'scomplement and 2’s complement arithmetic.

3 1 07-Feb-17 Octal and hexadecimal conversions ASCIIcode, Excess -3 code, Gray code

4 1 09-Feb-17 Error detection and correction - Paritygenerators and checkers

5 1 10-Feb-17 Fixed point and floating point arithmetic.

6 1 10-Feb-17 Tutorial : Self learning onn Hammingcorrection code.

7 2 14-Feb-17 TTL logic and CMOS logic - Logic gates,Universal gates

8 2 16-Feb-17 Boolean Laws and theorems, Sum ofProducts method, Product of Sum method

9 2 17-Feb-17 K map representation and simplification(uptofour variables)

10 2 17-Feb-17 Pairs, Quads, Octets ,Dont care conditions.

11 2 21-Feb-17 Tutorial – Solve Gate problems for Logicgates

12 3 23-Feb-17 Adders _ Full adder and half adder

13 3 23-Feb-17 Subtractors, halfsubtractor and fullsubtractor

14 3 02-Mar-17 Carry Look ahead adders – ALU(blockdiagram only).

15 3 03-Mar-17 Tutorial:http://www.neuroproductions.be/logic-lab/

16 3 07-Mar-17 Multiplexers, Demultiplexers

17 3 09-Mar-17 Encoders, BCD to decimel decoders.

18 4 10-Mar-17 Sequential circuits: Flip-Flops

19 4 10-Mar-17 SR, JK, D and T flip-flops

Course Handout


20 4 14-Mar-17 JK Master Slave Flip-flop

21 4 16-Mar-17 Conversion of flip-flops

22 4 16-Mar-17 Tutorial: Try flip flop using logic Lab

23 4 17-Mar-17 Registers -SISO,SIPO, PISO, PIPO

24 4 21-Mar-17 Counters : Asynchronous Counters

25 4 23-Mar-17 Modulus of a counter – Mod N counters.

26 5 23-Mar-17 Synchronous counters: Preset and clearmodes

27 5 24-Mar-17 Counter Synthesis: Ring counter

28 5 28-Mar-17 Johnson Counter

29 5 30-Mar-17 Tutorial: Design of Mod n counters

30 5 30-Mar-17 Mod N counter, Decade counter

31 5 31-Mar-17 State Machines: State transition diagram

32 5 4-Apr-17 Moore and Mealy Machines

33 5 6-Apr-17 Design equation and circuit diagram

34 6 7-Apr-17 Digital to Analog conversion – R-2R ladder

35 6 11-Apr-17 weighted resistors.

36 6 18-Apr-17 Analog to Digital Conversion - Flash ADC

37 6 20-Apr-17 Successive approximation

38 6 20-Apr-17 Tutorial: Solve problems

39 6 21-Apr-17 Memory Basics, Read and Write

40 6 25-Apr-17 Addressing, ROMs, PROMs and EPROMs,RAMs

41 6 27-Apr-17 Sequential Programmable Logic Devices

Course Handout


42 6 4-May-17 PAL, PLA, FPGA (Introduction and basicconcepts only)

43 6 9-May-17 Introduction to VHDL,Implementation ofAND, OR, half adder and full adder.

44 6 11-May-17

Tutorial: Opensources available for VHDL

Course Handout


3.3 TUTORIALS

Self-Learning

Hamming Error – Correction code

Solve: ExampleDetermine the single-error-correcting code for the BCD number 1001 using even parity.

Step1: Find the number of parity bit : p=3 for m=4Step 2: construct bit position table

BITDESIGNAIONBIT POSITIONBINARYPOSITIONNUMMBER

P1

1001

P2

2010

M1

3011

P3

4100

M2

5101

M3

6110

M4

7111

Information bit 1 0 0 1

Parity bit 0 0 1

Step 3:Determine parity bit as follows:

Bit P1 checks position 1, 3, 5 and 7 and must be a zero as there are even parity of bitsBit P2 checks position 2,3,6, and 7 and must be 0Bit P3 checks position 4, 5, 6 and 7 and must be 1

Thus the number is → 0011001

How to Detect an error

Single precision floating point

Convert 3.248 X 104 to single precision floating point binary3.248 X 104 =32480 = 1111110111000002 = 1.11111011100000 X 214

14+127 = 141 = 100011012

The complete floating point number is

0 10001101 11111011100000000000000

Course Handout


Course Handout


Implement simple logic and flip flops in Logic Lab.

Course Handout


3.4 ASSIGNMENTS

MODULE 1: NUMBER SYSTEM AND CODES

1. Express the following numbers in decimal: (10110.0101)2, (16.5)16, and (26.24)8

2. Convert the following numbers to hexadecimal and to decimal a) 1.11010 b) 1110.10Explain why the decimal answer in (b) is 8 times that of (a).

3. Convert the hexadecimal number 68BE to binary and then from binary convert it tooctal.

4. Convert the decimal number 345 to binary in two ways: (a) convert directly to binary;(b) convert first to hexadecimal, then from hexadecimal to binary, Which method isfaster?

5. Obtain the 1’s and 2’s complements of the following binary numbers:a. 11101010 b) 01111110 c) 00000001 d) 10000000 e) 00000000

6. Perform subtraction on the following unsigned binary number using 2’s-complementof the subtrahend. Where the result should be negative, 2’s complement it and affix aminus sign. a) 11011 – 11001 b) 110100 – 10101 c) 1011 – 110000 d) 101010 –101011

7. Represent decimal number 6027 in (a) BCD (b) excess-3 code, (c) 2421 code. 6 0 2 7a) BCD 0110 0000 0010 0111 b) EXCESS-3 1001 0011 0101 1010 c) 2421 11000000 0010 1101

MODULE 2: LOGIC GATES

1. A locker has been rented in the bank. Express the process of opening the lockerin terms of digital operation.

2. A bulb in a staircases has two switches, one switch being at the ground floor and theother one at the first floor. The bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF byand one of the switches irrespective of the state of the other switch. The logic ofswitching of the bulb resembles. (a) an AND gate (b) an OR gate (c) an XOR gate (d)a NAND gate

MODULE 5:1. Design mod-10 synchronous counter using JK Flip Flops. Check for the lock out

condition. If so,how the lock-out condition can be avoided? Draw the neat statediagram and circuit diagram with Flip Flops.

MODULE 6:

1. Briefly give an introduction of :a) PALb) PLAc) FPGA

Course Handout


4. EE206 MATERIAL SCIENCE

Course Handout



PROGRAMME: Electrical &Electronics Engineering

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: Material Science SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 3COURSE CODE: EE206REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: MaterialScience

CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSECODE (IF ANY): Nil



I

Conducting Materials: Conductivity- dependence ontemperature and composition – Materials for electricalapplications such as resistance, machines, solders etc.Semiconductor Materials: Concept, materials and properties-– Basic ideas of Compound semiconductors, amorphous andorganicsemiconductors- applications.Dielectrics: Introduction to Dielectric polarization andclassification –Clausius Mosotti relation- Behavior ofdielectric in static and alternating fields

8

II

Insulating materials and classification- properties- Commoninsulatingmaterials used in electrical apparatus-Inorganic,organic, liquid andgaseous insulators- capacitor materials-Electro-negative gases- properties and application of SF6 gasand itsmixtures with nitrogenFerro electricity.

6

III

Dielectric Breakdown: Mechanism of breakdown ingases, liquids andsolids –basic theories includingTownsend's criterion, Streamermechanism, suspendedparticle theory, intrinsic breakdown, electro-mechanicalbreakdown- Factors influencing Ageing of insulators-Application of vacuum insulation- Breakdown in highvacuum-Basicsof treatment and testing of transformeroil.

7

IV

Magnetic Materials: Origin of permanent magnetic dipoles-Classification of magnetic materials -Curie-Weiss law-Properties andapplication of iron, alloys of iron- Hard andsoft magnetic materials–Ferrites- Magnetic materials used inelectrical machines, instrumentsand relays-

7

V

Superconductor Materials:-Basic Concept- typescharacteristics-applicationsSolar Energy Materials: Photo thermal conversion-Solarselective coatings for enhanced solar thermalenergy collection –Photovoltaic conversion – Solar cells-Silicon, Cadmium sulphide andGallium arsenic –Organic solar cells.

7

Course Handout


VI

Modern Techniques for materials studies: Opticalmicroscopy –Electron microscopy – Photo electronspectroscopy – Atomicabsorption spectroscopy –Introduction to Biomaterials andNanomaterials

7

TOTAL HOURS 42


T Dekker A.J : Electrical Engineering Materials, Prentice Hall of India

T G K Mithal : Electrical Engg Material Science. Khanna Publishers.

R Tareev, Electrical Engineerin Materials, Mir Publications

R Meinal A.B and Meinal M. P., Applied Solar Energy – An Introduction, AddisosWesley

R Nasser E., Fundamentals of Gaseous Ionization and Plasma Electronics, WileySeriesin Plasma Physics, 1971

R Naidu M. S. and V. Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004

R Indulkar O.S &Thiruvegadam S., An Introduction to electrical EngineeringMaterials, S.Chand

R Agnihotri O. P and Gupta B. K, Solar selective Surface, John wiley

R Seth. S.P and Gupta P. V, A Course in Electrical Engineering Materials,Dhanpathrai

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:Nil

COURSE OBJECTIVES:1 To impart knowledge in the field of material science and their applications in

electricalengineering

COURSE OUTCOMES:SNO DESCRIPTION BLOOM’S

TAXONOMYLEVEL

1 Describe the characteristics of conducting andsemiconducting materials

Knowledge[Level 1]

2 Classify magnetic materials and describe different lawsrelated to them


3 Classify and describe different insulators and to explain thebehaviour of dielectrics instatic and alternating fields


4 Describe the mechanisms of breakdown in solids, liquidsand gases


Course Handout


5 Classify and describe Solar energy materials andsuperconducting materials


6 Gain knowledge in the modern techniques for materialstudies

Knowledge[Level 1]


PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO10

PO11

PO12

PSO1PSO2PSO3

C 206.1 3 1

C 206. 2 3 1

C206. 3 3 1 1

C206. 4 3 1 1

C206. 5 3 1 1

C206.6 3 3 1

EE 206 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:Mapping L/H/

MJustification

C206.1-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of conducting,semiconducting and dielectric materials.

C206.2-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of insulatingmaterials

C206.3-PO1 H Student will understand the mechanism of dielectric break downrelated theories.

C206.4-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of magneticmaterials

C206.5-PO1 H Student will be able understand the fundamentals ofsuperconductivity and solar energy materials

C206.6-PO1 H Student will be able understand modern techniques for materialsstudies

C206.6-PO2 H Student will be able to comprehend the application of different

Course Handout


characterization techniques for understanding specific materialproperties


ACTIONSRELEVANCE

WITH POsRELEVANCEWITH PSOs

1. Basics of chemicalbonding

AdditionalClass

1 1

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRYVISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:SLNO.

DESCRIPTION PROPOSEDACTIONS

RELEVANCEWITH Pos

RELEVANCEWITH PSOs

1 Introduction to nanoelectronics Assignments,seminars

1,12 1,2

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:1 www.nptel.ac.in/courses/cirucuittheory


CHALK &

TALK

STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB

RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS

Course Handout




OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS


Dr. Pramod K Namboothiri Ms.Santhi BHOD EEE

Course Handout


4.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No Module PlannedDate

Planned

1 1 01-02-17 Introduction –Basics, Course objectives

2 1 02-02-17 Conductivity- Introduction

3 1 03-02-17 Conductivity- dependence on temperature andcomposition

4 1 06-02-17 Materials for electrical applications such asresistance, machines, solders etc

5 1 08-02-17 Semiconductor Materials: Concept, materials andproperties

6 1 09-02-17 Compound semiconductors, amorphous andorganic semiconductors- applications

7 1 10-02-17 Dielectrics: Introduction to Dielectric polarizationand classification

8 1 13-02-17 Clausius Mosotti relation

9 1 15-02-17 Behaviour of dielectric in static and alternatingfields

10 2 16-02-17 Insulating materials and classification- properties-Commoninsulating materials used in electricalapparatus

11 2 17-02-17 Inorganicorganic, liquid and gaseous insulators-capacitor materials

12 2 20-02-17 Electro-negative gases- properties and applicationof SF6 gas and its mixtures with nitrogen

13 2 22-02-17 Ferro electricity.

14 23-02-17 FIRST INTERNAL EXAMINATION

15 3 27-02-17 Dielectric Breakdown- introduction

16 3 01-03-17 Mechanism of breakdown ingases, liquids and solids

17 3 02-03-17 Townsend's criterion, Streamer mechanism,suspendedparticle theory

18 3 03-03-17 intrinsic breakdown, electro-mechanicalbreakdown

19 3 06-03-17 Factors influencing Ageing of insulators

Course Handout


20 3 08-03-17 Application of vacuum insulation- Breakdown inhighvacuum

19 3 09-03-17 Basics of treatment and testing of transformeroil.

20 4 10-03-17 Introduction to Magnetism

21 4 13-03-17 Origin of permanent magnetic dipoles-

22 4 15-03-17 Classification of magnetic materials

23 4 16-03-17 Curie-Weiss law

24 4 17-03-17 Properties and application of iron, alloys of iron

25 4 20-03-17 Hard andsoft magnetic materials– Ferrites-

26 4 22-03-17 Magnetic materials used inelectrical machines, instruments and relays-

27 5 23-03-17 Superconductor Materials:-Basic Concept-typescharacteristics-applications

28 5 24-03-17 Solar Energy Materials Introduction

29 5 27-03-17 Photo thermal conversion

30 5 29-03-17 Solar selective coatings for enhanced solarthermalenergy collection

31 5 30-03-17 Photovoltaic conversion

32 5 31-03-17 SECOND INTERNAL EXAMINATION

33 5 03-04-17 Solar cells-Silicon, Cadmium sulphide andGallium arsenic

34 5 05-04-17 Organic solar cells.

35 6 06-04-17 Modern Techniques for materials studies:Introduction

36 6 07-04-17 Opticalmicroscopy

37 6 10-04-17 Electron microscopy

38 6 12-04-17 Photo electronspectroscopy

Course Handout


39 6 17-04-17 Atomic absorption spectroscopy

40 6 19-04-17 Introduction to Biomaterials

41 6 20-04-17 Nanomaterials

42 6 21-04-17 Nanomaterials

Course Handout


5. EE208 MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Course Handout



PROGRAMME: Electrical & ElectronicsEngineering

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: Measurements &Instrumentation

SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 4

COURSE CODE: EE 208REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: ElectricalMeasurements

CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial)hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE(IF ANY): Nil



I

General principles of measurements – measurementsystemmeasurementstandards – characteristics - errors inmeasurementcalibrationof meters- significance of IS standards ofInstruments.Classification of meters - operating forces - essentials ofindicatinginstruments - deflecting, damping, controlling torques.Ammeters and voltmeters - moving coil, moving iron,constructionaldetails and operating, principles shunts andmultipliers – extension ofrange.

9

II

Measurement of resistance: measurement of insulationresistance - lossof charge method, measurement of earthresistance.Measurement of power and energy: Dynamometer type wattmeter –1-phase and 3-phase power measurement – 1-phase and 3-phaseenergymeters (induction type) – electronic energy meter, TODmeter.

10

III

Introduction to high voltage and high currentmeasurements:Measurement of high DC voltages - measurement ofhigh ACvoltages - electrostatic voltmeters – sphere gaps - DCHalleffect sensors - high current measurements.Study of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU).Current transformers and potential transformers – principle working,ratio and phase angle errors – numerical problems, Clampon meters.

9

IV

Magnetic Measurements: Measurement of flux and permeability -fluxmeter - hall effect Gaussmeter - BH curve and permeabilitymeasurement - hysteresis measurement- ballistic galvanometer –principle- determination of BH curve - hysteresis loop. LloydFishersquare — measurement of iron lossesMeasurement of rotational speedusing proximity sensors andoptical sensors.

9

V

DC & AC potentiometers - General Principle - calibration of ammeter,voltmeter and wattmeter using potentiometer.AC Bridges: Maxwell’s bridge- Schering bridge and Wien’sbridgeOscilloscopes – Basic principle of signal display - Blockdiagramand principle of operation of general purpose CRO –verticaldeflecting system - horizontal deflection system - basic

9

Course Handout


sweepgenerator - XY mode and Lissajous patterns - applications ofCRO -dual trace oscilloscope.digital storage oscilloscope

VI

Transducers - Definition and classification - common transducersformeasurement of displacement, velocity, flow, liquid level,force,pressure, strain and temperature - basic principles and workingofLVDT, electromagnetic and ultrasonic flowmeters,piezoelectricforce transducer, load cell, strain gauge-bridgeconfiguration for four strain gauges, RTD,Thermistors,thermocouple,Need for instrumentation system, data acquisition system.

9

TOTAL HOURS 55


T Sawhney A.K., A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements &instrumentation, DhanpatRai .

T J. B. Gupta, A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation., SK Kataria& Sons

T Kalsi H. S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3/e, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012

R Golding E.W., Electrical Measurements & Measuring Instruments, Wheeler Pub.

R Cooper W.D., Modern Electronics Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of India

R Stout M.B., Basic Electrical Measurements, Prentice Hall

R Oliver & Cage, Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation, McGraw Hill

R E.O Doebelin and D.N Manik, Doebelin’s Measurements Systems, sixth edition,McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.

R P.Purkait, B.Biswas, S.Das and C. Koley, Electrical and Electronics MeasurementsandInstrumentation, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2013


BE101 03 Introduction to ElectricalEngineering

Basic concepts in electricalengineering.

I

COURSE OBJECTIVES:1 To develop understanding of various electrical measuring instruments and

instrumentation devices

Course Handout


COURSE OUTCOMES:SNO DESCRIPTION Bloom’s

Taxonomy Level

1 Students will be able to compare different typesof instruments, their working principlesadvantages and disadvantages

Analysis[Level 4]

2 Students will be able to explain the operatingprinciples of various ammeters, voltmeters andohm meters


3 Students will be able to measure single phase &three phase power usingwattmeters

Knowledge[Level 1]

4 Students will be able to summarize different fluxand permeability measurements methods

Synthesis[Level 5]

5 Students will be able to differentiateACpotentiometers and bridges

Analysis[Level 4]

6 Students will be able to explainthe working andapplications of cathode ray oscilloscope



PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO10

PO11


C 208.1 3 3 2 2 2 2

C 208. 2 2 2

C 208. 3 3 2 2 2 2

C 208. 4 3 2

C 208. 5 3 3 2

C 208.6 3 2 2

EE 208 3 3 - 3 3 - - - 2 2 - 2 2 2 2

Course Handout


JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

Mapping L/H/M

Justification

C208.1-PO1 H Students will have a general idea of various types of measuringinstruments

C208.1-PO2 H Students will be able to identify and provide solutions to problemsassociated with instrument systems

C208.1-PO5 M Students will be able to select the apt instrument based on theapplication requirements

C208.2-PO10 M Students can improve their communication skills while explainingthe working of various instruments

C208.3-PO4 H Students will be able to design experimental setups to measure thepower consumed in a circuit

C208.3-PO9 M Students can improve their ability to work as a team whileconducting power measurement experiments

C208.3-PO12 M Students will be able to utilise the knowledge of powermeasurement while working in an industry

C208.4-PO2 H Students will be able to analyze the flux B-H curves of anymagnetic specimen

C208.5-PO1 H Students can apply knowledge of Engineering fundamentals tostudy the working of various potentiometers

C208.5-PO2 H Students canidentify and analyse working of various bridges usedfor measurement

C208.6-PO1 H Students will be able to observe various waveforms of any circuiton a CRO

C208.6-PO2 M Students will be able to observe waveforms and provide validsuggestions for the improvement of the circuit


ACTIONSMAPPINGWITH POs

1 Introduction to digital measurements andinstrumentation.

IndustrialVisits

1, 2, 3, 5

Course Handout


PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRYVISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:1 Introduction to measurement of symmetrical components and neutral shift voltage

2 Applications of different measuring instruments in industries.

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:1 www.nptel.iitm.ac.in

2 http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

3 Prof. G.D. Roy, Prof. N.K. De, Prof. T.K. Bhattacharya, Basic Electrical Technology,www.nptel.com, retrieved on July 05, 2013 from URL:http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Kharagpur


CHALK &

TALK

STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB

RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS



OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS


Ms. Sreepriya R Ms. Santhi BHOD EEE

Course Handout


5.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl. No. Module Date Planned1

1

2-Feb –17 General Principles Of Measurements – Measurement System

2 3-Feb –17 Measurement Standards – Characteristics

3 6-Feb –17 Errors In Measurement - Calibration Of Meters

4 7-Feb –17 Significance Of IS Standards Of InstrumentsClassification Of Meters

5 9-Feb –17 Essentials Of Indicating Instruments - Operating Forces - Deflecting,Damping, Controlling Torques

6 10-Feb –17 Ammeters And Voltmeters - Moving Coil

7 10-Feb –17 Ammeters And Voltmeters - Moving Iron

8 13-Feb –17 Shunts And Multipliers

9 14-Feb –17 Extension Of Range Of Meters

10 16 - Feb -17 Tutorials

11

2

17 - Feb -17 Introduction – Measurement Of Resistance

12 20 - Feb -17 Measurement Of Insulation Resistance - Loss Of Charge Method

13 21 - Feb -17 Measurement Of Earth Resistance

14 23 - Feb -17 Dynamometer Type Wattmeter

15 27 - Feb -17 1-Phase Power Measurement

16 28 - Feb -17 3-Phase Power Measurement

17 2- Mar -17 1-Phase And 3-Phase Energy Meters (Induction Type)

18 6- Mar -17 Electronic Energy Meter

19 7- Mar -17 TOD Meter – Tutorials

20

3

9- Mar -17 Measurement Of High DC Voltages

21 10- Mar -17 Measurement Of High AC Voltages

22 10- Mar -17 Electrostatic Voltmeters – Sphere Gaps

Course Handout


23 13- Mar -17 Dc Hall Effect Sensors - High Current Measurements

24 14- Mar -17 Phasor Measurement Units

25 16- Mar -17 Current Transformers – Principle Working, Ratio And Phase AngleErrors

26 17- Mar -17 Potential Transformers – Principle Working, Ratio And Phase AngleErrors

27 20- Mar -17 Tutorials

28 21- Mar -17 Clamp On Meters.

29

4

23- Mar -17 Magnetic Measurements: Measurement Of Flux And Permeability

30 24- Mar -17 Flux Meter

31 24- Mar -17 Hall Effect Gaussmeter

32 27- Mar -17 BH Curve Permeability Measurement

33 28- Mar -17 Hysteresis Measurement

34 30- Mar -17 Ballistic Galvanometer – Principle -Determination Of BH Curve -Hysteresis Loop.

35 31- Mar -17 LloydFisher Square — Measurement Of Iron Losses

36 3- Apr -17 Measurement Of Rotational Speed Using Proximity Sensors

37 4- Apr -17 Optical Sensors.

38 6- Apr -17 Tutorials

39

5

7- Apr -17 DC &AC Potentiometers - General Principle

40 7- Apr -17 Calibration Of Ammeter, Voltmeter

41 10- Apr -17 Calibration Of Wattmeter

42 11- Apr -17 AC Bridges: Maxwell’s Bridge

43 17- Apr -17 Schering Bridge And Wien’s Bridge

44 18- Apr -17 Oscilloscopes – Basic Principle Of Signal Display

45 20- Apr -17 Block Diagram And Principle Of Operation Of General Purpose CRO

46 21- Apr -17 Vertical Deflecting System - Horizontal Deflection System - BasicSweep Generator

Course Handout


47 24- Apr -17 XY Mode And LissajousPatterns

48 25- Apr -17 Dual Trace Oscilloscope - Digital Storage Oscilloscope

49

6

27- Apr -17 Transducers - Definition And Classification

50 28- Apr -17 Displacement, Velocity, Flow, Liquid Level Transducers

51 28- Apr -17 Force, Pressure, Strain And Temperature Transducers

52 2- May -17 Electromagnetic And Ultrasonic Flow Meters

53 4- May -17 Piezoelectric Force Transducer

54 5- May -17 Load Cell, Strain Gauge Bridge Configuration For Four Strain Gauges

55 8- May -17 RTD, Thermistors, Thermocouple

56 9- May -17 Tutorials

57 11- May -17 Test Paper

Course Handout


5.3 TUTORIALS

Q.1. A PMMC ammeter gives a reading of 35mA when connected across two oppositecorners of bridge rectifier, the other corners of bridge rectifier, the other two corners ofwhich are connected in series with a capacitor to 100kV,50 Hz supply. Determine thecapacitance?

Q.2. A spring controlled moving iron voltmeter reads correctly on 250V DC. Calculate thescale reading when 250V AC is applied at 50 Hz. The instrument coil has a resistance of500Ω and an inductance of 1H and the series non-reactive resistance is 2000Ω.

Q.3. A basic D’Arsonval meter movement with an internal resistance of Rin= 100Ω and a fullscale current of Im=1mA is to be converted into a multiranged.c.voltmeter with ranges of 0-10V, 0-50V, 0-250V and 0-500V. Calculate the values of the resistance using a potentialdivider arrangement.

Q.4.The torque of an ammeter varies as the square of the current through it. If a current of 5Aproduces a deflection of 90 , what deflection will occur for a current of 3A when theinstrument is (a) spring controlled ; (b) gravity controlled.

Q.5.Design an Ayrton shunt to provide an ammeter with current ranges of 1A, 5A and IOA.A basic meter with an internal resistance of 50Ω and a full scale deflection current of 1mA isto be used.

Q.6. Each of the ratio arms of a laboratory type Wheatstone bridge has guaranteed accuracyof ±0.05%, while the standard arm has a guaranteed accuracy of ± 0.1%. The ratio arms areboth set at 1000Ω and bridge is balanced with standard arm adjusted to 3154Ω. Determinethe upper and lower limits of the unknown resistance , based upon the guaranteed accuraciesof the known bridge arms.

Q.7.A Maxwell’s inductance-capacitance bridge is used to measure an unknown inductancein comparison with capacitance. The various values at balance R2: (known non-inductiveresistance in the arm ad) = 400Ω. R3 : (known non-inductive resistance in the arm bc) =600Ω. R4 : (known non-inductive resistance in the arm cd) = 0.5μF. Calculate the parametersof the coil. Also calculate the value of storage Q factor of coil if frequency is 1000Hz.

Q.8. Determine the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance that causes a standard Wienbridge to mill with the following component values: R1 =2.8K, R4 =80K, C1 =4.8μF, f=2kHz.

Q.9. In a simple slide wire d.c. potentiometer, the voltage drop across a standard resistor of0.1Ω is balanced at 80cm. Find the current if the standard cell e.m.f. of 1.45 volt is balancedat 40 cm.

Q.10. In a Kelvin’s double bridge , there is error due to mismatch between the ratios of outerand inner arm resistances. The following data relate to this bridge. Standard resistance =

Course Handout


100.03μΩ, Inner ratio arms = 100.31Ω, and 200Ω. Outer ratio arms = 100.24Ω and 200Ω.The resistance of connecting leads from standard to unknown resistor is 680μΩ. Calculate theunknown resistance.

Q.11. A bakelite sheet of 5mm thickness is tested at 50 Hz between the electrodes 12cm indiameter. The Schering bridge used has an air capacitor C2 of 106pF, a non-reactiveresistance R4 of (1000/π)Ω in parallel with a variable capacitor C4 and a non-reactivevariable resistance R3. Balance is obtained with C4 = 0.55μF and R3 = 270Ω. Refer Figure

Determine the following:

(a) Capacitance(b) Power Factor(c) Relative Permittivity of the sheet.

Q.12.A low resistaance was measured by Kelvin double bridge. At balance the componentsare found as follows:

Standard resistor = 100.03μΩ, inner ratio arms = 100.31Ω and 200Ω, resistance of linkconnecting the standard and unknown resistance = 700μΩ. Calculate the unknownresistance.

Q.13.Find the series equivalent inductance and resistance of the network that causes anopposite angle (Hay bridge) to null the following bridge arms in the above figureω=3000rad/s, R2 = 9kΩ, R1= 1.8kΩ, C1 = 0.9μF, R3= 0.9kΩ.

Course Handout









Course Handout









Course Handout


Q.14. In a Kelvin double bridge , there is error due to mismatch between the ratios of outerand inner arm resistance. The following data relate to this bridge:

Standard resistance = 100.03μΩ, inner ratio arms = 100.21Ω and 200Ω, outer ratio arms =100.14Ω and 200Ω. The resistance of the connecting leads from standard to unknownresistance is 700μΩ. Calculate the unknown resistance.

Q.15. Determine the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance that causes a Wien bridgeto null with the following component values:

R1= 3.1kΩ, C1= 5.2μF, R2= 25kΩ, R4 =100kΩ, f= 2.5kHz

Q.16.What are theadvantages and demerits of a Schering bridges? A Schering bridge has thefollowing constants :-

Arm AB: Capacitor of 0.5μF in parallel with 1 KΩ resistance.

Arm BC: Resistance of 3 kΩ

Arm CD: Unknown Cx and Rx in series

Arm DA: Capacitor of 0.5μF

Frequency : 1000Hz

Determine (i) the unknown Cx and Rx and (ii) Dissipation factor.

Q.17. The followingdata relate to an Anderson bridge. The arms BC, CD and DA consist ofresistances having values 1000Ω, 1000Ω and 5000Ω respectively. Aresistance of 100Ω and acapacitance of 3μF are connected respectively to the arms DF and CF. An AC supply of 100Hz is applied between the terminals A and C and a detector is connected between theterminals B and F. The detector indicates null under the above conditions. Determine thevalues of R and L connected to the arm AB.

Q.18.The four arms of a bridge are:

Arm ab : an imperfect capacitor C1 with an equivalent resistance of r1

Arm bc : a non-inductive resistance R3

Arm cd : a non-inductive resistance R4

Arm ba : an imperfect capacitor C2 with an equivalent resistance r2 in series with R2

A supply of 45 Hz is given across terminals a and c . Detector is corrected between b and d.At balance R2 = 4.8Ω, R3 =2000Ω, R4 = 2850Ω , C2 =0.5μF and r2 = 0.4Ω. Calculate thevalue of C1 and r1 and also the dissipating factor for this capacitor.

Course Handout


Q.19. A single-phase energy meter having a constant of 100 revolutions per kWh makerevolutions , when the connected load draws a current of 42 A at 230 V and 0.4p.f. for anhour. Calculate the percentage error.

Q.20.The inductive reactance of the pressure coil circuit of a dynamometer wattmeter is 0.4%resistance at normal frequency and the capacitance is negligible . Calculate the percent errorand correction factor due to reactance for loads at (i) 0.707p.f. lagging (ii) 0.5 p.f . lagging.

Q.21. A wattmeter has a current coil of 0.1Ω resistance and a pressure coil of 6500Ωresistance . Calculate the percentage errors , due to resistance only with each of the methodsof connection , when reading the input to an apparatus which takes:

(a) 12 A at 250 V with unity power factor; and

(b) 12 A at 250 V with 0.4 power factor

Q.22.An electrodynamometer wattmeter is used for measurement of power in single-phasecircuit. The load voltage is 100 V and the load current is 9A at a lagging power factor of 0.1.The wattmeter voltage circuit has a resistance of 3kΩ and an inductance of 30mH. Estimatethe percentage error in the wattmeter reading when the pressure coil is connected (i) on thesupply side; and (ii) on the load side. The current coil has a resistance of 0.1Ω and negligibleinductance. The frequency is 50 Hz.

Q.23. In a dynamometer wattmeter the moving coil has 500 turns of mean diameter 30mm.Calculate the torque if the axes of the field and moving coils are at 60 when the density in thefield coils is (15 * 10^ -3) Wb/m2 . The current in the moving coil is 0.05A and the powerfactor is 0.866.

Q.24.The current coilof a dynamometer wattmeter is connected to a 24 V d.c. source in serieswith a 6Ω resistor. The potential circuit is connected through an ideal rectifier in series with a50Hz of 100V. The inductance of pressure circuit and current coil resistance are negligible.Compute the reading of the wattmeter.

Q.25. A 230V single phase watt hour meter has a constant load of 4A passing through it for 6Hrs at unity power factor. If the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions per kWh , calculate thepower factor of the load if the number of revolutions made by the meter are 1472 whenoperating at 230V and 5A for 4 Hrs.

Q.26.The scale of a moving coil voltmeter is divided into 100 divisions. The dimensions ofthe coil are 3cm and 2.5 cm and has 150 turns. The air gap flux density is 0.15 wb/m2.Determine the series resistance when the meter is to be used for 0-100V. The spring constantis 2.5*10-6 Nm per division and the resistance of the coil is 1Ω.

Q.27. A 150 V Moving Iron voltmeter has an inductance of 0.75 henry and a total resistanceof 2000Ω. It is calibrated to read correctly on a 50 Hz circuit. What series resistance wouldbe necessary to increase its range to 600V.

Course Handout


Q.28.A 250 V, single phase energy meter has a constant load current of 4A passing through itfor 5 hours at unity power factor. If the meter makes 1200 revolutions during this period,what is the meter constant? If the load power factor is 0.8, find the number of revolutions thedisc will make in the above time.

Q.29. A 1000/5 A current transformer, bar primary type has loss component of excitingcurrent equal to 0.7% of the primary current. Find the ratio error

(i) when turns ratio is equal to nominal ratio

(ii) when the secondary turns is reduced by 5%

Q.30. The meter element of a PMMC instrument has a resistance of 5Ω and requires 15mAfor full scale deflection. Calculate the resistance to be connected (i) in parallel to enable theinstrument to read upto 1 A; (ii) in series to enable it to read upt0 15V.

Q.31.A 15 V moving iron voltmeter has a resistance of 300Ω and an inductance of 0.12H.Assume that the voltmeter reads correctly on d.c., what will be the percentage error when theinstrument is used in 15V a.c . supply at 100 Hz.

Q.32.A 50A, 230 V energymeter on full-load makes 61 revolutions in 37 seconds. If themeter constant is 520 rev/kWh , find the percentage error.

Course Handout


5.4 ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment 1 Submission Date: On or before 15 – 03 - 2017

1. Write short notes on standards of measurement2. Briefly describe the working of proximity sensors and optical sensors used for speed

measurement

Assignment 2 Submission Date: On or before 17 – 04 - 2017

Write short notes on

a) Dual Trace Oscilloscope

b) Digital Storage Oscilloscope

c) Data Acquisition System

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6. HS200 BUSINESS ECONOMICS

Course Handout



PROGRAMME: Electrical and ElectronicsEngineering,

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: BUSINESS ECONOMICS SEMESTER: 4 CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: HS200REGULATION: 2017

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:APPLIED ECONOMICS

CONTACT HOURS: 3-0-0

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE(IF ANY): NIL

LAB COURSE NAME: NA


I

Business Economics and its role in managerial decision making- meaning-scope-relevance-economic problems-scarcity Vs choice (2Hrs)-Basic concepts in economics-scarcity, choice, resourceallocation- Trade-off-opportunity cost-marginal analysis- marginalutility theory, Law of diminishing marginal utility -productionpossibility curve (2 Hrs)

4

II

Basics of Micro Economics I Demand and Supply analysis - equilibrium-elasticity (demand and supply) (3 Hrs.) -Productionconcepts-average product-marginal product-law of variableproportions- Production function-Cobb Douglas function-problems(3 Hrs.)

6

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Basics of Micro Economics II Concept of costs-marginal, average,fixed, variable costs-cost curves-shut down point-long run and shortrun (3 Hrs.)- Break Even Analysis-Problem-Markets-PerfectCompetition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly - Carteland collusion (3 Hrs.)

8

IV

Basics of Macro Economics - Circular flow of income-two sectorand multi-sector models- National Income Concepts-Measurementmethods -problems-Inflation, deflation (4 Hrs.)-Trade cycles-Money - stockand flow concept-Quantity theory of money-Fischer’s Equationand Cambridge Equation -velocity of circulation of money-creditcontrol methods-SLR, CRR, Open Market Operations-Repo andReverse Repo rate-emerging concepts in money-bit coin (4 Hrs.)

9

SECOND INTERNAL EXAM

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V

Business Decisions I-Investment analysis-Capital Budgeting-NPV,IRR, Profitability Index, ARR, Payback Period (5 Hrs.)- Businessdecisions under certainty-uncertainty-selection of alternatives-riskAnd sensitivity- cost benefits analysis-resource management (4 Hrs.).

VI

Business Decisions II Balance sheet preparation-principles andInterpretation- forecasting techniques (7 Hrs.)-business financing sources ofcapital- Capital and money markets-internationalfinancing-FDI, FPI, FII-Basic Principles of taxation-direct tax,Indirect tax-GST (2 hrs.)

9

TOTAL HOURS 36

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION

T Geetika, Piyali Ghosh and Chodhury, Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2015

T Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning, 2006

R1 Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz, Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill, 11th edition, 2010

R2 T.N.Hajela.Money, Banking and Public Finance. Anne Books. New Delhi

R3 C Rangarajan, Indian Economy, Essays on monetary and finance, UBS

R4 I.M .Pandey, Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House. New Delhi

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1To familiarize the prospective engineers with elementary Principles of Economics andBusiness Economics.

2To acquaint the students with tools and techniques that are useful in their profession inBusiness Decision Making which will enhance their employability;

3 To apply business analysis to the “firm” under different market conditions;

4To apply economic models to examine current economic scenario and evaluate policyoptions for addressing economic issues

5To gain understanding of some Macroeconomic concepts to improve their ability tounderstand the business climate;

6To prepare and analyse various business tools like balance sheet, cost benefit analysis andrate of returns at an elementary level

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SNO DESCRIPTION

Course Handout


1 Students will be able to understand business economic concepts2 Students will be able to nurture the idea of start-ups

3Students will be able to analyse the basic macro – economic concepts and monetarytheory

4 Students will be able to build up decision making skill under uncertain business climate

5Students will be able to develop their professional skills by combining their technicalknowledge with appropriate economic models

6Students will be able to understand the basics of financial accounting and relevance ofaccounting principles

CO-PO MAPPING

CO/POPO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO10

PO11

PO12

CO 1 1 3

CO 2 3 3 3 3

CO 3 1

CO 4 3 2 2

CO 5 2 3

CO 6 2 2 2

CO-PO JUSTIFICATION

CO1-PO7Knowledge about basic economics concepts related to micro and macroeconomics and model building in tally with engineering economics

CO1-PO11

Basic economic principles with simple application analysis under differentconditions.Production functions and Different types of market conditionsacquainted

CO2-PO9

Problems introduced in such a way that students start thinking of solutions attheir best. This calls for group decisions where he/she will share ideas amongthe respective peer group. They start thinking beyond pure engineering sinceproblems are interconnected

CO2-PO10Simple to Complex problems are verified by themselves hence effectiveinteractions are made possible

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CO2-PO11Economic concepts introduced are applicable under different situations. Henceconceptual application and Solutions can be easily identified

CO2-PO12The concepts and models introduced are handy and weighs huge application.Cobb-Douglas Production function, Technical aspects in Production, Decisiontree etc

CO3-PO7Cost analysis and Decision analysis pertains to resource constraints. Hence thedecision would be made by considering societal resource constraints

CO4-PO4

Investment analysis, Capital Budgeting, Business decisions under certainty anduncertainty calls for analysis and interpretation of data to find solutions tocomplex problems

CO4-PO10

Business decision under certainty and uncertainty calls for discussion among thestudents and arriving at a feasible conclusion. Contradictions arises due todifferent levels of thinking. This calls for a systematic analysis and presentationof the problem

CO4-PO12Improves decision making skill, interaction and systematic analysis of theproblem. An experience that can be carried to the future where students dealwith real life business situations

CO5-PO1Knowledge on Simple economic concept applicable in a business climate. PPC,CDF, Opportunity costs, Decision tree etc

CO5-PO5

Decisions under certainty and uncertainty are a mapping of feasible solutionsand identifying the best outcome. Outcomes decided calls for modeling andprediction

CO6-PO9Account keeping calls for interaction among different departments and alsoknowledge about the same. This facilitates team work and group discussions

CO6-PO11Project management involves the student to demonstrate knowledge aboutdifferent departments in a firm and approach to each departmental problemsform a multi – disciplinary approach

CO6-PO12The continuous practicing of technical economic concepts and its applicationsleads to an experience

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:

SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

Course Handout


ACTIONS

1 Tax, Indian Economy-some facts about Indian EconomySeminars, Talks, web

sources2 Relevant Economic problems like 1930 and 2008 recession Talks, web3 International Economics-WTO-BOP Seminar, FM course

4 India’s Economic relation with other countries Seminar, Websources

5. Stock Exchange MarketSeminar, Web

sources.6 Cost Engineering Class Lectures

Proposed Actions: Topics beyond Syllabus/Assignment/Industry Visit/Guest Lecturer/NptelEtc

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:

1 Current Economic policies by RBI and Government of India.2 Dollar – Rupee Scenario3 BREXIT4 Carbon Credit

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:1 www.rbi.org 4 www. comtrade.org

2 www.asi.org 5 www.euroasiapub.org/ijrim/june2012/

3 www.wto.org 6 www.startupmission.kerala.gov.in


CHALK & TALK STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB RESOURCES LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON COURSES ICT ENABLED

CLASSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS GROUP

DISCUSSION(IV)

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ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES

(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS

Prepared by Approved bySaritha V & Reny Elizabeth Dr. Antony T Varghese(Faculty DBSH) (HOD)

Course Handout


6.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No.

Date Planned

1 02-02-2017 Introduction to business economics2 03-02-2017 Important concepts in business economics3 06-02-2017 Business economics in detail4 07-02-2017 Marginal analysis5 09-02-2017 Production Possibility Curve6 10-02-2017 Introducing demand concept7 13-02-2017 Introducing supply concept8 16-02-2017 Supply -demand practice problems9 17-02-2017 Production - concepts and curves10 20-02-2017 Law of variable proportions11 23-02-2017 Cobb- Douglas Production function12 24-02-2017 Cost - concepts13 27-02-2017 cost concepts continued + practice problems14 02-03-2017 Shut - down point and Break even analysis15 03-03-2017 Shut - down point and Break even analysis - Practice problems16 09-03-2017 Markets - Types of markets17 10-03-2017 Markets - continued18 13-03-2017 Circular flow of Income19 16-03-2017 Circular flow of Income - continued20 17-03-2017 National Income concepts21 20-03-2017 National Income concepts - continued22 23-03-2017 Inflation and Deflation23 24-03-2017 Inflation continued24 27-03-2017 Trade Cycle25 30-03-2017 Quantity theory of money26 31-03-2017 RBI - functions27 03-04-2017 RBI - functions28 06-04-2017 BIT coin29 10-04-2017 Investment analysis - Capital Budgeting30 13-04-2017 NPV - IRR - Problems31 14-04-2017 PI - ARR - Pay back period - Problems32 17-04-2017 Decision theory33 20-04-2017 Decision theory - continued34 21-04-2017 decision theory - problems35 24-04-2017 cost benefit analysis36 27-04-2017 Resource management37 28-04-2017 Demand forecasting38 01-05-2017 Demand forecasting - problems39 04-05-2017 Business Financing - sources of capital40 05-05-2017 Capital and Money markets41 08-05-2017 Balance sheet42 11-05-2017 Balance sheet - problems43 12-05-2017 Balance sheet - problems

Course Handout


6.3 ASSIGNMENTS

GROUP

ASSIGNMENTS QUESTIONS

ROLL NO:

1 – 5

Define cost Engineering. Explain the relevance of cost Engineering. What

are the advantages and disadvantages of cost engineering? Depict some

basic practice problems on cost engineering.

6 – 10

Write a note on startups – Key initiatives of Kerala Govt. For promoting

startups – Identify any 3 startups successfully functioning in Kerala and

make a brief profile of the same – Make a brief sketch of their functioning –

What are the hurdles/bottleneck satrtups face in general.

11-15

Define Inflation – Types of inflation – define CPI and WPI measurement of

inflation – Consequences and effects of inflation – Measures to control

inflation – Define deflation and how does it happen.

16-20

Make a note on RBI – Make a current profile of banks coming under the

control of RBI - what are the functions of RBI – Explain in brief the credit

control methods of RBI – What are the current policy rates of RBI

21-25

Define National Income and Briefly quote the concepts of national income

and its calculation - Methods of measuring national income – Problems of

calculating national income – what are the macroeconomic indicators and

which indicator is the best and why? – Is GDP a real measure of national

Income Y/N?why?

26-30

Define tax and the basic principles of taxation – What are the different types

of taxation and quote the countries following corresponding taxation system

- make a brief note on types of taxes with examples – Narrate the merits and

demerits of direct and indirect taxations – Define tax evasion and tax

avoidance and its consequences

31-35

What is international Financing and make a note on relevance of

international financing – Define FDI, FPI, FII and its relevance – Give a

brief sketch on capital and money markets in India – What are the functions

of Capital and Money markets – Quote the sources of capital and money

markets

Course Handout


36 – 40

Define accounting and scope of management accounting – Functions of

management accounting – Define balance sheet and state the need for

maintaining balance sheet – What are assets and liabilities and give

classifications for Assets and Liabilities – Prepare 4 dummy balance sheet

account (check any accounting text books)

41-45

Make a brief history of European Union –What was the trade links of Britain

with European Union before BREXIT - What are the reasons that led to

BREXIT – What are/will be the consequences of BREXIT for both parties –

What are the advantages for other non-European countries as a result of

BREXIT

46 – 50

Explain the Dollar-Rupee scenarios – Explain the trajectory of the

emergence of dollar as international currency –What is the current position

of Dollar as international currency and why there is a proposal for multiple

international currency now? –What is appreciation of rupee against dollar?

Explain with a simple example. How does it affect the exports and imports

of a country - What is depreciation of rupee against dollar? Explain with a

simple example. How does it affect the exports and imports of a country

51-55

What is banking? Its relevance and functions – State the classification of

Banks in India under RBI and its objectives– State the non-banking financial

institutions functioning under RBI and state its functions – Which are the

financial institutions providing financial aids to startups and briefly explain

the fund scheme they have proposed – Briefly explain the private sector

banks in Kerala and their objectives

56-60

What are venture capital funds and its advantages – Name the financial

institutions providing venture capital funds and their schemes in detail –

Name the non-financial institutions providing venture capital funds and their

schemes in detail – Expalin the stages in venture capital and the risks in

venture capital funds

61-66

What are the factors which led to Balance of Payment crisis in 1991 --State

the 1991 economic reforms – Define LPG policies and its merits and

demerits –– Write a brief note on the reasons that led to 2007-08 recession -

- Write a brief note on ‘Make In India’ Policy

Course Handout


7. EE231 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB 1

Course Handout



PROGRAMME : Electrical & Electronics

Engineering

DEGREE : B.TECH

COURSE : Electrical Machines Lab - I SEMESTER : Fourth CREDITS :1COURSE CODE: EE232

REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE : CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical

Machines

CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours / week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE

(IF ANY): Nil

LAB COURSE NAME : Nil

SYLLABUS:

CYCLE DETAILS HOURS

I

1. Swinburne’s Test on a DC shunt machine2. Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator3. Load test on DC Shunt Generator4. Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine5. Three phase connection of single phase transformers6. Scott Connection of single phase transformers7. Sumpner’s Test8. Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase

Transformer

24

II

1. Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor

2a. Load Test on DC Series Motor

b. Field’s Test

3. Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines

4. Retardation Test on a DC machine

5. Load test on a Single Phase Transformer

6. Parallel operation of Single Phase Transformers

7. Separation of losses in a single phase transformer

8. O.C and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer

24

Total hours 48

Course Handout


TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION

T Dr. P. S. Bimbra, Electrical Machinery, Khanna Publishers

T Theraja B. L., A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S. Chand & Company, NewDelhi, 2008.

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:

C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM

EE205

DC Machines and

Transformers

To give exposure to the studentsabout the concepts of directcurrent machines and transformers,including their constructionaldetails, principle of operation andperformance analysis.

S3

BE101-03

Introduction to Electrical

Engineering

The objective of this course is toset a firm and solid foundation inElectrical Engineering

To equip the students with stronganalytical skills and conceptualunderstanding of basic laws andanalysis methods in electrical and inelectrical and magnetic circuits. S1

COURSE OBJECTIVE

To learn the working and testing methods of DC Machines and Transformers

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl.No.

DESCRIPTION

Bloom’s TaxonomyLevel

1

Students will be able to predict the performance of DC machinesand Transformers using standard equivalent circuit models

Application

[Level3]

2

Students will be able to select the appropriate machines based onthe application requirements

Knowledge

[Level 1]

Course Handout


3

Students will be able to illustrate laboratory data andexperimental results using professional quality graphicalrepresentations

Comprehension

[Level 2]

4Students will work in teams to conduct experiments, analyzeresults, and develop technically sound reports of outcomes.

Analysis

[Level 4]

5

Students will be able to identify faults occurring in machines andtake necessary corrective measures

Comprehension

[Level 2]


PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO10

PO11

PO12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

C 232.1 3 3 3 2

C 232.2 2 3 3 2

C 232.3 2 2

C 232.4 2 3

C 232.5 3 3 3 2

EE232 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

Mapping L/H/M Justification

C 232.1-PO1

H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of DC machines topredict their performance

C 232.1-PO3

H Students will be able to design system components based on theperformance characteristics of DC machines & transformers

C 232.1-PO4

H Students will be able to provide valid conclusions regarding complexengineering based on the characteristics of machines

C 232.2-PO1

M Students can apply the knowledge of basic engineering to selectmachines based on the application

Course Handout


C 232.2-PO2

H Students will be able to analyze the characteristics of various machinesand provide substantiated conclusions

C 232.2-PO4

H Students will be able to interpret the data the from various experimentsand provide suggestions for different applications

C 232.3-PO2

M Student will be able to easily analyze the characteristics of machinesusing graphical representations

C 232.3-PO3

M Student will be able to design solutions for engineering problems fromgraphical representations

C 232.4-PO4

M Student will be able to conduct experiments on DC Machines &transformers and interpret the data and provide valid suggestions

C 232.4-PO9

H Student will be able to work as a team and function effectively inmultidisciplinary environments

C 232.5-PO2

H Student will be able to formulate the problems in the area of faultanalysis o transformers and dc machines

C 232.5-PO3

H Student will be able to design solutions for faults occurring inmachines

C 232.5-PO4

H Students will be able to conduct investigations on machine faults andprovide valid suggestions

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSIONREQUIREMENTS:

Sl.

NO:

DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

ACTIONS1 It would be better for students if methods of speed

control technique for DC motors are includedTo be included in

SyllabusPROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY

VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:

1 MATLAB _ Simulink model can be used for enhanced learning and understanding

the DC Machines.

Course Handout


WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:

1 Prof. P. Sasidhara Rao, Prof. G. Sridhara Rao, Dr. Krishna Vasudevan (July2012) Electrical Machine – 1 www.nptel.com Retrieved July 11, 2014, fromURL: http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_I/index.php


CHALK & TALK STUD. ASSIGNMENT WEB RESOURCES

LCD/SMARTBOARDS

STUD. SEMINARS ADD-ON COURSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATIONSTUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONSADD-ON COURSES OTHERS


ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES

(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ONFACULTY

(TWICE)ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR


OTHERS

Prepared By; Approved By;

Ms. Jayasri R. Nair Ms. Santhi B

Ms. Prathibha P.K. HOD, EEE

Course Handout


7.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No Cycle PlannedDate

Planned

1 1 01/02/2017 Introduction to LAB and Experiments -Batch A & BatchB

2 1 07/02/2017 Swinburne’s Test -Batch A

3 1 08/02/2017 Swinburne’s Test -Batch B

4 1 14/02/2017 Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator-Batch A

5 1 15/02/2017 Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator-Batch B

6 1 21/02/2017 Load test on DC Shunt Generator- Batch A

7 1 22/02/2017 Load test on DC Shunt Generator- Batch B

8 1 28/02/2017 Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine- Batch A

9 1 01/03/2017 Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine -Batch B

10 1 07/03/2017 Three phase connection of single phase transformers-Batch A

11 1 08/03/2017 Three phase connection of single phase transformers-Batch B

12 1 14/03/2017 Scott Connection of single phase transformers- Batch A

13 1 15/03/2017 Scott Connection of single phase transformers- Batch B

14 1 21/03/2017 Sumpner’s Test- Batch A

15 1 22/03/2017 Sumpner’s Test- Batch B

16 1 28/03/2017 Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single PhaseTransformer- Batch A

17 1 29/03/2017 Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single PhaseTransformer- Batch B

18 2 04/04/2017 Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor & Load Test on DCSeries Motor - Batch A

19 2 05/04/2017 Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor & Load Test on DCSeries Motor - Batch B

20 2 11/04/2017 Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines & RetardationTest on a DC machine- Batch A

21 2 12/04/2017 Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines & RetardationTest on a DC machine- Batch B

22 2 18/04/2017 Load test on a Single Phase Transformer & Parallel

Course Handout


operation of Single Phase Transformers- Batch A

23 2 19/04/2017 Load test on a Single Phase Transformer & Paralleloperation of Single Phase Transformers- Batch B

24 2 25/04/2017 Separation of losses in a single phase transformer & O.Cand S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer- Batch A

25 2 26/04/2017 Separation of losses in a single phase transformer & O.Cand S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer- Batch B

26 1&2 02/05/2017 Repeat + Practice Lab- Batch A

27 1&2 03/05/2017 Repeat + Practice Lab- Batch B

281&2 09/05/2017 Exam - Batch A

29 1&2 10/05/2017 Exam - Batch B

Course Handout


7.3 LAB CYCLE

CYCLE I

1. Swinburne’s Test on a DC shunt machine

2. Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator

3. Load test on DC Shunt Generator

4. Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine

5. Three phase connection of single phase transformers

6. Scott Connection of single phase transformers

7. Sumpner’s Test

8. Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase Transformer

CYCLE II

1. Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor

2. A) Load Test on DC Series Motor

B) Field’s Test

3. Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines

4. Retardation Test on a DC machine

5. Load test on a Single Phase Transformer

6. Parallel operation of Single Phase Transformers

7. Separation of losses in a single phase transformer

8. O.C and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer

Course Handout


7.4 OPEN QUESTIONS

1. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at rated rpm.

2. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at 1000rpm.

3. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at halfrated speed.

4. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at rated rpm.

5. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at 1000 rpm.

6. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at half ratedspeed.

7. Plot the Load Characteristics / External Characteristics of a Self Excited DCGenerator.

8. Plot the External Characteristics and Internal Characteristics by conducting a suitabletest on the given dc shunt generator.

9. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics and find the critical resistance of a d c shuntgenerator for 1800 rpm. The m/c should be run at rated rpm only.

10. Find the maximum voltage which the generator can generate when the m/c runs at itsrated speed.

11. Find the maximum voltage which the generator can generate when the m/c runs at 800rpm.Given the field resistance as 170 . The m/c should be run at rated rpm only.

12. Find the resistance at which the given shunt generator just fails to exciteexperimentally.

13. Calculate the maximum emf generated for a field circuit resistance of 200 .

Course Handout


14. By conducting a suitable test find whether a d c motor / d c generator is having higher at ½ load.

15. Determine the , torque and output power of a dc shunt motor at 1/4th and 3/4th full-load by conducting a suitable experiment.

16. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c series motor and draw its mechanical Characteristics.

17. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c shunt motor and draw its electrical Characteristics.

18. Find the electrical characteristics of a motor used for traction purposes.

19. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a variable speed motor.

20. Select a suitable motor for a printing press and justify your answer experimentally orobtain its torque-speed characteristics.

21. Select a constant speed dc motor .Obtain the speed-torque characteristics of the motorexperimentally.

22. Calculate the o/p power,shaft torque and of a variable speed d c m/c at 3/4th fullload.

23. Find the o/p power, , speed and torque of a variable speed d c m/c at 60 % of ratedcurrent by conducting a suitable test.

24. Select a suitable motor which has highest starting torque from your m/c lab .Obtainthe relation b/w Torque and armature current of the same motor.

25. Pre-determine the at 3/4th full load of a constant speed d c motor.

26. Pre-determine the at 70% of full load of a constant speed d c generatorexperimentally.

27. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c compound motor and draw its mechanicalCharacteristics.

Course Handout


28. Find the of the given constant speed d c generator at 3/4th full load.

29. Obtain the equivalent circuit referred to low voltage side of a 1 transformer byconducting a suitable test.

30. By conducting a suitable test on the given 1 transformer, construct the no-loadvector diagram.

31. Perform the load test on a 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer and find the .o/p powerand regulation

32. Conduct a suitable test on a 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer to pre-determine thepercentage load at maximum .

33. Pre-determine the regulation at ½,3/4 and full load of a given 1 240/120V,1kVAtransformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead..

34. Pre-determine the regulation at ½,3/4 and full load of a given 1 240/120V,1kVAtransformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead.

35. Pre-determine the at ½ full load and full load of a 1 240/120V,1kVAtransformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead.

36. Pre-determine the regulation at ½ full load of a 1 240/120V,1kVAtransformer.Assume the loads are having a pf of 0.8 lead , 0.6 lag and upf.

37. Find the vs o/p, regulation vs o/p curve of a given 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer.

38. Plot the torque-slip characteristics of a 3 squirrel cage IM.

39. Obtain the mechanical characteristics of a 3 squirrel cage IM.

40. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a 3 squirrel cage IM by conducting a suitabletest.

41. Find the torque at max. of a given 3 IM.

Course Handout


42. Find the o/p power, , slip, speed and torque at 60 % full load of a given m/c.Use440V supply as input.

43. Obtain the performance characteristics of an IM. Use 230V supply.

44. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a 1 IM by conducting a suitable test.

45. Obtain the electrical characteristics/torque-current characteristics of a Capacitor StartCapacitor run motor.

46. Plot the variation in pf and o/p of a 3 squirrel cage IM experimentally.

47. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.8pf lag usinge.m.f /synchronous / pessimistic method.

48. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.6pf leadusing e.m.f /synchronous / pessimistic method .

49. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.6pf lagusing m.m.f /Ampereturn / optimistic method.

50. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.8pf leadusing m.m.f /Ampereturn / optimistic method.

Course Handout


8. EE234 CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS LAB

Course Handout



PROGRAMME : ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGDEGREE : BTECH

COURSE : CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS LAB SEMESTER : IV CREDITS : 2

COURSE CODE: EE 234

REGULATION: 2016COURSE TYPE : CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: ELECTRICAL

MEASUREMENTSCONTACT HOURS : 3 hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY):

NilLAB COURSE NAME : Nil

Syllabus Cover:CYCLE DETAILS HOURS

I

1. Verification of Superposition Theorem in dc circuits.2. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem in dc circuits.3. Determination of impedance, admittance, power factor andreal/reactive/ apparent power drawn in RLC series/parallel circuits. 4. 3-phase power measurement using one wattmeter and two-wattmetermethod.5. Determination of B-H curve, μ-H curve and μ-B curve of an iron ringspecimen.6. Measurement of voltmeter and ammeter resistances using Wheatstone’sbridge and Kelvin’s double bridge and extension of range of voltmeters andammeters7. Measurement of self/ mutual inductance and coupling co-efficient of iron cored coil and air-cored coil.8. Extension of instrument range by using Instrument transformers(CT and PT)

24

II

9. Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct and phantomloading at various power factors.10. Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter.11. Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple12. a) Characteristics of LVDT.

b) Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD meterc) Current measurement using Clamp on meter

12

TOTAL 36

REFERENCE BOOKS:R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATIONR1 Sawhney AK: A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements & instrumentation,

Dhanpat Rai .R 2 J B Gupta : A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation., S

K Kataria & Sons

Course Handout


R3 Kalsi H. S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3/e, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012


EE 100Introduction toElectricalEngineering

The Course will help the students for learningadvanced topics in electrical engineering S1

EE 201Circuits &Networks

To provide a knowledge pf network analysis usingvarious network theorems S3

EE 208MeasurementsandInstrumentation

To provide knowledge in the specific area of electricalmeasurements.To expose students to various measuring instruments.

S4

COURSE OBJECTIVES:1 To develop measurement systems for various electrical circuits and systems and to use

different transducers for measurement of physical variables.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SlNO DESCRIPTIONBloom’s

TaxonomyLevel

1 Students will be able to analyze RLC circuits and coupled circuit toobtain the voltage -current relations

Analysis[Level 4]

2 Students will be able to justify DC netwok theorems by setting upvarious networks


3 Students will be able to perform calibration of single phase andthree phase energy meter at various power factors


4 Students will be able to measure power in a single and three phasecircuits by various methods

Knowledge[Level 1]

5 Students will be able to derive the magnetic characteristics of ironring specimen

Synthesis[Level 5]


PO1

PO2

PO3

PO4

PO5

PO6

PO7

PO8

PO9

PO10

PO11


C 234.1 3 3 1

C 234. 2 3 2 2 1

C 234. 3 3 3 3 1

Course Handout


C 234. 4 3 3 2 1

C 234. 5 3 3 2 1

EE 234 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

Mapping L/H/M JustificationC234.1-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of Electrical

Engineering analyse various circuits

C234.1-PO2 H Students will be able to identify & formulate voltage -currentrelations of RLC Circuits

C234.2-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of network theoryto verify various network theorems experimentally

C234.2-PO3 M Students will be able to design system components based onnetwork theorems

C234.2-PO4 M Students will be able to interpret network data based on variousnetwork theorems

C234.3-PO5 H Students will be able to apply appropriate techniques to calibrateenergy meters

C234.3-PO9 H Students will be able to work as a team while conductingexperiments

C234.3-PO12 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of calibration ofmeters while working in an industrial environment

C234.4-PO4 H Students will be able to provide valid conclusions based on thepower in single phase and three phase circuits

C234.4-PO5 H Students will be able to predict the performance of electricalcircuits based on the power measurement

C234.5-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of ElectricalEngineering to illustrate the B-H characteristics of ironspecimen

C234.5-PO2 H Students will be able to arrive at substantial conclusions basedon the magnetic characteristics

C234.5-PO3 M Students will be able to provide suggestions for theimprovement of performance of transformers based on themagnetic characteristics

Course Handout


GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSIONREQUIREMENTS:

SNO DESCRIPTIONPROPOSEDACTIONS

1 Locus Diagram of R-L & R-C Circuits Add on Experiment

Proposed Actions: Topics Beyond Syllabus/Assignment/Industry Visit/Guest Lecturer/NptelEtc

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:1 Measurement of frequency & Lissajous patterns in CRO

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:1 www.nptel.iitm.ac.in –Retrieved date 5/7/2013

DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES: CHALK & TALK STUD. ASSIGNMENT WEB RESOURCES

LCD/SMARTBOARDS

STUD. SEMINARS ADD-ON COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECTASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODELEXAMS

UNIV.EXAMINATION

STUD. LABPRACTICES

STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJORPROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ONCOURSES

OTHERS

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECTASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ONFACULTY (TWICE)

ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJORPROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS

OTHERS

Prepared by Approved ByMs. Sreepriya R Ms. Santhi B

Course Handout


8.2 COURSE PLAN

Batch ADate

Planned Batch BDate

01/02/2017 Introduction 01/02/201707/02/2017 Verification of Superposition Theorem 08/02/201714/02/2017 Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem 15/02/2017

21/02/2017RLC Series & Parallel CircuitLocus Diagram of RL & RC Circuits

22/02/2017

28/02/2017 Measurement of Three phase Power 01/03/201707/03/2017 B-H Curve 08/03/2017

14/03/2017Measurement of Resistance using (1) Wheatstone’s Bridge (2)Voltmeter Ammeter Method (3) Kelvin’s Bridge

15/03/2017

21/03/2017Measurement of Self inductance, Mutual Inductance, CouplingCoefficient

22/03/2017

28/03/2017Extension of Range of meters using Multipliers & Instrumenttransformers

29/03/2017

04/04/2017Calibration of single phase energy meter by directloading at various power factors

05/04/2017

11/04/2017Calibration of single phase energy meter by phantom loading atvarious power factors

12/04/2017

18/04/2017 Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter. 19/04/201725/04/2017 Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple 26/04/2017

02/05/2017

Characteristics of LVDT.Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TODmeterCurrent measurement using Clamp on meter

03/05/2017

09/05/2017 Exam 10/05/2017

Course Handout


8.3 LAB CYCLE

CYCLE I

1. Verification of Superposition Theorem in dc circuits.

2. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem in dc circuits.

3. Determination of impedance, admittance, power factor and real/reactive/ apparent

power drawn in RLC series/parallel circuits. 4. 3-phase power measurement using one

wattmeter and two-wattmeter method.

5. Determination of B-H curve, μ-H curve and μ-B curve of an iron ring specimen.

6. Measurement of voltmeter and ammeter resistances using Wheatstone’s bridge and

Kelvin’s double bridge and extension of range of voltmeters and ammeters

7. Measurement of self/ mutual inductance and coupling co-efficient of iron cored

coil and air-cored coil.

8. Extension of instrument range by using Instrument transformers (CT and PT)

CYCLE II

9. Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct and phantom loading at various

power factors.

10. Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter.

11. Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple

12. a) Characteristics of LVDT.

b) Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD meter

c) Current measurement using Clamp on meter

Course Handout


8.4 OPEN QUESTIONS

Thevenin / Superposition Theorem

1. Using the Superposition theorem ,pre-determine the current through the 100resistor in the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally.

25 V

50

+

-

30 V

50

100

+

-

2. Using the Superposition theorem , pre-determine the current through the 50 resistorin the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally.

180

+

-

30 V

100

50

+

-

30V

3. Using the Superposition theorem, pre-determine the currents through the variousbranches of the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally.

100

+

-

25 V

80

50

+

-

30V

4. Find the Thevenin’s equivalent of the given circuit analytically, and verify the resultexperimentally.

100

200 V

100

100

A

B

RL=50

Course Handout


Single phase energy meter/ wattmeter

1. Find the energy consumed by a resistive load of 200 fo0r a period of 4 hours.Verify your result by conducting a suitable experiment.

2. Determine the error associated with the given single phase energy-meter and the givensingle phase wattmeter by conducting suitable experiments, and hence draw the errorcurves for both .(Use loading rheostat 5kW, 20A )

3. Calibrate the given single phase energy-meter and wattmeter ( draw the calibrationcurve).

4. Verify the value of the energy meter constant of the given single phase energy meterby conducting a suitable experiment . Assume that any other meters used are error-free.

5. Calculate the multiplying factor of the given single phase wattmeter (250V, 10A )using an energy meter for a constant load current of 3 A.

6. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase inductionmotor at 5 A using two wattmeters. Also calculate the power factor at this load.Derive the formulae used with the help of the respective phasor diagrams.

7. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase inductionmotor at a pf below 0.5 using two wattmeters. Derive the formulae used with the helpof the respective phasor diagrams.

8. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase inductionmotor at a pf below 0.5 using two wattmeters. Derive the formulae used with the helpof the respective phasor diagrams.

9. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase inductionmotor at a pf above 0.5 using two wattmeters.

10. Find the no load active and reactive power consumed by the given three phaseinduction motor using two wattmeters. Also determine the power factor.

11. Set up a circuit to measure the power factor of a balanced three-phase load using twowattmeters. Observe experimentally how the pf varies as the load increases and henceplot the pf versus output characteristics.

BH Curves

1. Plot the magnetic characteristics of the given magnetic specimen by conducting asuitable experiment.

2. Plot the magnetic characteristics of the given 200/240 V transformed byconducting a suitable experiment.

3. Determine the no-load power factor of the given 200/240V transformer, byconducting suitable experiment

Serier/ Parallel R-L-C Circuit

1. Obtain the condition for resonance in a series R-L-C circuit by conducting asuitable experiment and show that the voltage across the inductor /capacitor ismuch greater than the input or supply voltage . Obtain the pf and draw the phasordiagram corresponding to this condition.

2. For the given R-L-C series circuit (R=100 ) obtain the condition whenVout>Vin. Verify the same experimentally. Determine the power factor at thiscondition.

Course Handout


3. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition VL>Vc.Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor diagramalso. Use R= 50 , 5A , L= inductive load , and C = 40µF.

4. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the conditionVc.VL.Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasordiagram also. Use R= 50 , 5A , L= inductive load , and C= 40µF.

5. Obtain the power factor of the given parallel R-L-C circuit for the condition Ic>IL.Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor diagramalso .Use R= 50 ,5A , L= inductive load and C= 40µF.

6. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition IL>IC.Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasordiagram also. Use R= 50 ,5A , L= inductive load , and C= 40 µF.

7. Obtain the condition for resonance in a parallel R-L-C circuit by conducting asuitable experiment and show that the current through the inductor /capacitor ismuch greater than the input or total current. Obtain the pf and draw the phasordiagram corresponding to this condition.

8. Plot the resonance curve for the given series R-L-C circuit. Take R=50 , 5A ,L= inductive load , C = 40µF.

9. Find the resonant frequency, half power frequencies and band-width of the givenseries R-L-C circuit.

R L C

50 0.25 H 40 F

10. Determine the voltage/current relationship in a series R-L-C circuit and verify thesame experimentally for VL>VC.

11. Determine the voltage/current relationship in a series R-L-C circuit and verify thesame experimentally for Vc>VL.

12. Determine the voltage/current relationship in a series R-L-C circuit and verify thesame experimentally for VC=VL.

13. By conducting a suitable test, determine the quality factor of the inductive coil inthe given R-L-C circuit . R=50 ,5A , L= inductive load , C= 40µF.

Single phase power and power factor measurement

1. Determine the power factor of the given RL load 150V and develop a circuit toimprove the power factor.

2. Determine the power and power factor of the given RL load at a load current of2.5A experimentally and check how power factor improvement can be achievedby connecting a capacitor in the above circuit.

3. Determine the voltage-current relationship in a series RL circuit by conducting asuitable experiment. Determine the pf of the circuit at a load current of 3A andverify the same.

4. Measure the power dissipated in the given RL load ( R= 100 ) using voltmetersonly . Verify the same using a wattmeter . Also measure the power factor factor ofthe load.

5. Meassure the power dissipated in the given RL load (R= 100 ) using ammetersonly . Verify the same using a wattmeter. Also measure the power factor of theload.

Course Handout


6. Find the values of resistance and inductance of the given choke coil using threeammeters only.

7. Find the values of resistance and inductance of the given choke coil using threevoltmeters only.

Measurement of self inductance, mutual inductance and co-efficient of coupling

1. Determine the coefficient of coupling of given transformer.

Extension of range of ammeter voltmeter and wattmeter

1. Extend the range of 0-50V moving coil voltmeter to measure a maximum of 150V

using multiplier.

2. Extend the range of 0-150V moving iron voltmeter to measure a maximum of 250V

using potential transformer.

3. Extend the range of 0-1A moving iron ammeter to measure a maximum of 10V using

current transformer.

4. Extend the range of 150V,5A wattmeter to 250V,10A of using potential transformer

and current transformer.

Calibration of Energy Meter

1. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.707 pf lag.


3. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.5 pf lead.


5. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.866 pf lead.

6. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at unity pf.

7. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at unity pf.

8. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.866 pf lag.

9. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.866 pf lead.

10. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.5 pf lag.

11. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.5 pf lead.

12. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at unity

pf.

13. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at

0.866 pf lag.

14. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at

0.866 pf lead.

Course Handout


15. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at 0.5

pf lag.

16.Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at 0.5

pf lead.

Course Handout


8.5 ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Locus Diagram of R-L and R-C circuits

1. Plot the locus diagram of a R-L Circuit by varying resistance ‘R’ by wiring a suitable set

up.

2. Plot the locus diagram of a R-C Circuit by varying resistance ‘R’ by wiring a suitable set

up.

3. Plot the locus diagram of a R-L Circuit by varying resistance ‘L’ by wiring a suitable set

up.

department of electrical & electronics engineering · pdf filedetermination -phasor...

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