department of energy office of science doe high energy physics briefing to the astronomy and...

Department of Energy

Office of Science

DOE High Energy Physics DOE High Energy Physics Briefing to theBriefing to the

Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee Committee

Kathy Turner Office of High Energy Physics

DOE Office of Science

See www.science.doe.gov/hep/index.shtm

Oct. 12, 2006


Office of Science

DOE Office of DOE Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)High Energy Physics (HEP)

$717M in FY06$717M in FY06

Understand the unification of fundamental particles and forces and the mysterious forms of unseen energy and matter that dominate the universe

Search for possible new dimensions of space Investigate the nature of time itself.

Includes the understanding of the connections between the physics of elementary particles and the physics thatdetermines the structure of the universe, leading to the investigation of very highenergy cosmic acceleration mechanisms

HEP Office supports 90% of U.S. HighEnergy Physics and coordinates with NSF,NASA and international efforts


Office of Science

DOE Office of DOE Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)High Energy Physics (HEP)

Accelerator-based physics is our primary tool.

Non-accelerator physics – growing and important sector

Atmospheric and solar neutrinos: SuperK, KamLAND, SNO + R&D for future

Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology to study dark matter, dark energy, high energy cosmic rays, high energy gamma rays

Currently: GLAST, Auger, VERITAS, SDSS, CDMS-II, AMS, AXION + R&D for future


Office of Science

DOE High Energy Physics up 8% DOE High Energy Physics up 8% inin

FY 2007 President’s Budget FY 2007 President’s Budget RequestRequestFY05

ActualFY06

Approp.FY07

RequestFY07 - FY06

Facility ops Tevatron 234 215 215 0B-factory 108 93 93 0LHC (construction+ops) 62 60 60 0LBNL and BNL infrastructure 6 6 6 0

Other Projects Construction and non-LHC MIEs 17 2 13 11Subtotal ops & projects 427 376 387 11

core research University physics research 104 104 110 6Laboratory physics research 85 83 85 2Accelerator Science (univ + lab) 28 28 33 5SciDAC & Lattice QCD 7 7 7 0

Subtotal core research 224 222 235 13

Accelerator Development 24 28 28 0Detector R&D 14 20 14 -6ILC R&D 24 30 60 30Dark Energy R&D 3 3 13 10Neutrino R&D 0 9 4 -5

Subtotal R&D and new initiatives 65 90 119 29

Others (incl. SBIR/STTR in 06 and 07) 7 29 34 5Total as shown in FY07 budget 723 717 775 58SBIR/STTR in FY 2005 17

Grand Total incl SBIR/STTR 740 717 775 58

($M)


Office of Science

HEP budget up 8% in the FY2007 Request.

• International Linear Collider R&D Doubled: from $30M to $60M

• Full operations at Fermilab Tevatron and SLAC B Factory

• Preparing for LHC operations– Detector commissioning/computers/software up 5% in

FY2007– US participation in collaboration up: CMS is ~ 30% US

participants; ATLAS ~ 25%.

• Dark Energy funding up by ~ $10M from $3M.

• Advanced Accelerator R&D $28M -> $33M

• Core research program at the universities up ~5%.

• Neutrinos: Preliminary engineering design for an electron neutrino appearance experiment at Fermilab and Construction start for Reactor Neutrino Experiment at Daya Bay (China)


Office of Science

Non-Accelerator Physics Funding ($k)

President’s RequestProject Funds fy03 fy 04 fy05 fy06 fy07VERITAS -- 1,600 2,050 1,149 --Auger 1,230 1,000 -- -- --AMS 1,500 -- -- -- --CDMS 790 550 -- -- --GLAST/LAT 8,501 7,900 11,421 -- --Reactor Neutrino 3,000

R&D fy03 fy 04 fy05 fy06 fy07SNAP 3,065 2,950 2,762 2,900 7,500Generic Dark Energy 5,000

Scientific Research (operating budget)labs 16,384 19,713 21,434 27,784 25,957univ. 12,300 13,565 15,871 18,320 17,760

TOTAL 44M 47M 54M 50M ~59M


Office of Science

DOE Office of ScienceDOE Office of Science – FY07 budget status – FY07 budget status

Office of Science• The Administration requested $4,101.7 million for the Office of

Science for FY 2007, an increase of 14.1% over the current budget of $3,596.4 million See http://www.aip.org/fyi/2006/022.html

• The House-passed bill would provide $4,131.7 million, an increase of 14.1% over the current budget plus an additional $30 million for earmarked projects. See http://www.aip.org/fyi/2006/068.html

• The Senate's version would provide $4,241.1 million, an increase of 16.6% plus an additional $48.6 million for earmarks.

Office of HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS:• Current budget: $716.7 million• Administration request: $775.1 million (Up 8.1% over the current• budget)• House bill: $775.1 million (Up 8.1%)• Senate bill: $766.8 million (Up 7.0%)

We are now on a Continuing Resolution until a budget is passed.


Office of ScienceRelevant Advisory PanelsRelevant Advisory Panels

HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel) – reports to DOE and NSF

AAAC (Astronomy & Astrophysics Advisory Committee) – reports to DOE, NASA, NSF

Subpanels Reports to Topic(s) Reports Due/Approved

Task Force for HEPAP & AAAC Roadmap future initiatives Oct 2005

CMB Research (TFCR)

P5 HEPAP Roadmap new initiatives Final Draft Oct.

2006

Neutrino

Science

Advisory Group HEPAP & NSAC Double Beta Decay Exp’ts Sept 2005

Reactor and off-axis expt’s Feb 2006

Dark Energy HEPAP & AAAC Roadmap July 2006Task Force (DETF)

Dark Matter HEPAP & AAAC priorities & strategy for direct December 2006Science Advisory detection of dark matterGroup (DMSAG)


Office of Science

Dark Energy Task ForceDark Energy Task Force

DETF was a subpanel of both HEPAP and AAAC

Their final report was released in June 2006 and it was transmitted by HEPAP to DOE-HEPon July 17, 2006 and by AAAC to DOE-HEP on June 30, 2006. See http://www.nsf.gov/mps/ast/detf.jsp

From the report:Dark Energy could be Einstein’s cosmological constant, new exotic form of matter or maysignify a breakdown in Einstein’s GR. To date, there are no compelling theoretical explanations for The dark energy, therefore, observational exploration must be the focus

No single technique can answer the outstanding questions - need combinations of at least two of these techniques, at least one of which is a probe sensitive to the growth of cosmological structurein the form of galaxies and clusters of galaxies.

Recommends medium term (stage III) and longer term (stage IV) program. Stage III should improve the DETF figure of merit by at least a factor of 3 and stage IV by at least a factor of 10. DETF FOM: reciprocal of the area of the error ellipse enclosing the 95% confidence limit in the w0–wa

plane.

Recommends that high priority for near-term funding should be given to projects that improve ourUnderstanding of the dominant systematic effects


Office of Science

P5 subpanelP5 subpanel

P5 == Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel

They are recommending a prioritized roadmap for the HEP program.

Status report was presented at HEPAP in June ‘06See http://www.science.doe.gov/hep/P5InterimRptChg2June2006.pdf

Final Draft Report is being submitted to HEPAP today for approval.See presentation at http://www.science.doe.gov/hep/HEPAP/Oct2006/SeidenP5HEPAPtalkOctober2006.pdf

Recommendations:1. ILC & LHC energy frontier accelerators2. Dark Energy, Dark Matter & Reactor Neutrino experiments

• Start DES, CDMS 25kg experiment and Daya Bay construction in FY08• Support for LSST and SNAP to bring these to Preliminary Design Review stage over a 2 or

3 yr timeframe• DOE work with NASA to ensure that a space mission can be carried out and that the 3

potential approaches are properly evaluated • R&D funding for DUSEL (underground lab) and funding towards experiments using this

facility3. Start construction on NOvA – long baseline neutrino experiment4. Construction of the muon g-2 experiment at Brookhaven


Office of Science

NRC PanelNRC PanelElementary Particle Physics in the Elementary Particle Physics in the

2121stst Century (EPP2010) Century (EPP2010)

Draft report release on 4/28/06 – www.nationalacademies.org/bpa/epp2010.html

Recommendations:

1. Fully exploit the opportunities for U.S. involvement at the Large Hadron

Collider (LHC) at CERN

2. Comprehensive program to become the world-leading center for R&D for the

International Linear Collider (ILC) and mount a compelling to build it in the

U.S.

3. Expand the program in particle astrophysics and pursue an internationally

coordinated, staged program in neutrino physics.

+ further recommendations


Office of Science

Current Efforts in our ProgramCurrent Efforts in our Program

Dark Energy – current operating experiments

Nearby Supernova Factory (SNFactory) – continues operations; measurements of nearby supernovae; needed for systematics control for future projects (LBNL leads, + Yale et al)

Supernova Cosmology Project (LBNL leads collaboration)Operations continuing using ground telescopes & Hubble Space Telescope measurements to collect statistics and refine results

Sloan Digital Sky Survey (FNAL leads + NSF funding, universities, foreign)Baryon oscillations; galaxy clusters

Next I will talk about:•Dark Energy – R&D for future

•Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays

•High Energy Gamma Rays

•Dark Matter & Anti-matter


Office of Science

Office of High Energy Physics ProgramSupernova Cosmology Project (SCP)

LBNL-led SCP was 1 of 2 teams that did initial discovery of the acceleration of the universe - established the new field of supernova cosmology and, more generally, dark energy studies

SCP’s major HST program this year (2006)

Search for SNe in dust-free elliptical galaxies in (z ≥ 1) clusters

Astier et al.,

A&A 447, 31 (2006)

~20 very high redshift (z>1) SNe discovered

First results from SNLS SuperNova Legacy Survey Collaboration


Office of Science

Office of High Energy Physics ProgramSloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Mosaic Imaging Camera

Telescope in New Mexico

Data - Galaxy surveys, dark matter, dark energy + astronomy- June 2006 – 5th public data releaseNow have data on 8000 square degrees of sky, with 1,048,960 spectra.

Taking data since 1998- Approved for additional data-taking thru summer 2008

Funding: Sloan Foundation, NSF, DOE, Japan, Germany

Science News: Jan. 2005 – first baryon oscillation measurement

640 fiber spectrograph


Office of Science

Dark Energy – Planning & Dark Energy – Planning & FutureFuture

Planning program in view of DETF and P5 reports

Funding R&D for SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) experiment- SNAP is one of the mission concepts for the DOE/NASA JDEM - We have been funding R&D to develop the concept since 2000 - FY06: $2.9M, FY07 request: $7.5M

- They’re working on mission concept studies for NASA, called SNAP-L ($600M capped mission) -- this is one of the 3 teams that are funded to do these studies.

R&D funds through labs (FNAL, SLAC, BNL) for last several years to develop concepts:- DES (Dark Energy Survey) - LSST (Large-scale Synoptic Survey Telescope) - Current plan for DES and LSST is in the range of $2M to $3M for FY07

In FY07 Presidential Request, additional R&D of ~$5M available – ground and/or space concepts will be selected; DETF will guide us – planning method to determine distribution of funds

– funding levels reflect tentative plan which may change based upon advice from DETF and other relevant considerations

Investigating future space and/or ground telescopes in cooperation with NASA and NSF + exploring participation with international partners.


Office of Science

Pierre Auger – high energy cosmic ray Pierre Auger – high energy cosmic ray detector array (collaboration w/NSF & detector array (collaboration w/NSF &

foreign partners)foreign partners)

Partial operations have started – construction expected to be completed by early 2007. First science results presented at conference in Aug. 2005. Current status (as of end of July 2006) - 18 (out of 24) fluorescence telescopes operating; last building housing 6 telescopes under construction – complete by October - 1186 (out of 1600) surface Cherenkov detectors deployed, 984 operating - some problems with site access for final ~300 surface detectors – negotiating with landowners

Scientific goal is to observe, understand and characterize the very highest energy cosmic rays.

Collaboration as ~ 350 members from 18 countries

Installed over 3000 km2 site in Argentina

Fluorescence telescopes

Water Cherenkov surface detectors


Office of Science

VERITASVERITAS(Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array

System)System)

Scientific Purpose: Study of celestial sources of very high energy gamma-ray sources in the energy range of 50 GeV- 50 TeV & search for dark matter candidates

– Uses atmospheric Cherenkov 4- telescope array

Collaboration: NSF, DOE + contributions from Smithsonian & foreign institutions

Schedule: Fabrication scheduled for completion at end of FY 2006, however…

Status: In April 2005, work at Kitt Peak was stopped so National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process could be redone according to specifications, in response to suit filed by Tohono O’odham Indian Nation.

– NSF is leading the NEPA process with DOE acting as cooperating agency.

Had “government to government” meeting with Tohono O’odham Nation in January 2006; NSF had another meeting with the T.O. in May; Waiting now to see T.O. response

Plan is to install and commission the telescopes at the Whipple Basecamp while waiting for Kitt Peak access by end of 2006 - An engineering run will start in 2007.

Artist’s conception

Telescope 1

Picture taken June 2006 – 3 telescopes installed at basecamp.


Office of Science

Large Area Telescope (LAT) on Large Area Telescope (LAT) on GLAST MissionGLAST Mission

LAT is the primary instrument on NASA’s Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) mission -- Collaboration between NASA, DOE, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden & managed at SLAC.

• LAT instrument fabrication complete in Jan ‘06• Shipped from SLAC to NRL for thermal, vibration, acoustic testing in May 2006 • Shipped to Phoenix (General Dynamics) for integration on spacecraft in Sept. 2006• GLAST launch scheduled for Oct/Nov 2007• Successful DOE/NASA partnership!Large Area Telescope – October 2005

High energy gamma rays from space - Measure energy and direction from 20 MeV to 300 GeV over a wide field of view- Acceleration mechanisms, dark matter


Office of ScienceCryogenic Dark Matter SearchCryogenic Dark Matter Search

Purpose: direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPS)Location - Soudan Mine in MinnesotaData-taking: partial operations started in 2003, full operations with 5 towers starting soon & will continue in FY07

CDMS detector

Blue line – new resultsDotted Blue line – expected full results

Results – April 2005…set the world's lowest exclusion limits on the WIMP cross section by a factor of 10 compared to other experiments, ruling out a significant range of neutralino supersymmetric models.

Also have Axion Dark Matter Search (ADMX) experiment at Lawrence Livermore Lab in California – another possible form of Dark Matter


Office of ScienceAMS - Alpha Magnetic SpectrometerAMS - Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

w/NASA + foreign partners w/NASA + foreign partners

• Search for dark matter, missing matter & antimatter on the International Space Station

• Prototype (AMS-01)

took data on STS-91 in 1998

• AMS-02 fabrication complete in 2005; integration and test to be completed in 2007

• Plan is for a Shuttle Launch and deployment on ISS -- launch date is currently unknown.


Office of Science

DOE/NASA Joint Dark Energy DOE/NASA Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) – History & Mission (JDEM) – History &

StatusStatus

Determining the nature of dark energy is a high priority science objective for both DOE and NASA.

1999 – SNAP team starts developing a concept using internal lab-awarded funds

2000 – DOE-HEP starts providing some R&D funds for SNAP

April 2002: The report by NRC’s Committee on the Physics of the Universe (the Turner panel’s Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos report) recommended three new non-prioritized initiatives,one of which is to determine the properties of dark energy. The Committee recommended that “NASA and DOE work together to construct a wide field telescope in space to determine the expansion history of the universe and full probe the nature of the dark energy”. See

http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10079.html

November 2003: DOE and NASA are planning a JDEM and developed a draft agreement to coordinate a plan. The draft agreement includes a strawman organization of the joint project,including management structure, agency responsibilities and the process for selecting the

scienceteam. There will be a mission concept study phase followed by a joint DOE and NASAAnnouncement of Opportunity call for mission proposals and an open competition to select thescience team. See http://www.science.doe.gov/hep/JDEM%20Reports.shtm

November 2003: The Secretary of Energy announced the Department’s 20-year Science Facilityprioritized plan. The JDEM was in a 3rd place tie for projects with highest scientific importanceand near-term readiness for construction. See

http://www.science.doe.gov/Scientific_User_Facilities/History/20-Year-Outlook-screen.pdf

I was asked to describe the JDEM history and status and also to describe the Congressional language that DOE has been given.


Office of Science


StatusStatus

FY2003 - NASA ran a competition in FY03 for mission concept study funds for the Dark Energy Probe. Two proposals, SNAP and DESTINY, received a small amount of funds (in FY2004?) and another 3 groups received funds to investigate how they could contribute to SNAP.

April 2004: The 2004 report from the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) provided a Federal cross-agency strategic plan, “The Physics of the Universe” for discovery at the intersection of physics and astronomy in response to the NRC’s “Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos” report. The NSTC report listed dark energy measurements as its highest priority, proposing a multi-pronged strategy. The report recommended that NASA and DOE develop a Joint Dark Energy Mission and said this “mission would best serve the scientific community if launched by the middle of the next decade”See http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bpa/OSTP Q2C Response Draft.pdf

November 2004: A science definition team was formed in Fall 2004; first meeting Nov. 2004.

FY2004 -- JDEM is the Dark Energy Probe in NASA’s Beyond Einstein program, which was approved in their FY 2004 budget, though only LISA and Con-X were funded for development at that time. JDEM is also included in their recent roadmaps.


Office of Science


StatusStatus

Feb 2006FY07 President’s Budget for NASA budget shows funding available for one of

the five Beyond Einstein missions to starting in FY2009.

Aug. 2006NASA has recently announced that it will fund 3 teams for mission conceptsstudies beginning in FY07. The concepts chosen all include a wide field

telescope with associated camera and other instruments in space, but vary on the scientific

methods ADEPT, DESTINY, SNAP

Summer 2006:OSTP starts holding meetings again with the agencies involved in the “Physics

of the Universe” report to follow the progress.

Fall 2006:A National Academy panel is being formed, under the auspices of the SpaceStudies Board and the Board on Physics and Astronomy, to do a study on the

Beyond Einstein program to determine which of the five missions should go first and

will report in September 2007. This study is being funded by DOE and NASA.


Office of Science

JDEM-related JDEM-related Congressional DirectionsCongressional Directions

~ July, 2005 - Text from HR 4818, FY 2005 Omnibus Appropriations Bill:

“…The conferees encourage the Department to proceed with the Dark Energy Mission even if the primary science of the mission and mission development must be pursued by the Department so as to avoid schedule delays resulting from implementing the mission jointly with NASA. International cooperation and appropriate launch arrangements should be pursued where appropriate. The conferees recognize that an excellent and energized science team has been assembled for this exciting mission.”

DOE is investigating foreign partners, but is still going forward assuming we are doing

JDEM with NASA.

Dec. 2005 – NASA Authorization Act(d) JOINT DARK ENERGY MISSION.—The Administrator and the Director of the

Department of Energy Office of Science shall jointly transmit to the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, not later than July 15, 2006, a report on plans for a Joint Dark Energy Mission. The report shall include the amount of funds each agency intends to expend on the Joint Dark Energy Mission for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011, and any specific milestones for the development and launch of the Mission.

We submitted the joint report.


Office of Science

JDEM-related JDEM-related Congressional DirectionsCongressional Directions

May 15, 2006From the House Energy & Water Subcommittee Markup report, p. 95

• Over the past few years, the Committee has consistently supported the DOE/NASA Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM), a space probe to help answer the fundamental physics question of our time what is the "dark energy" that constitutes the majority of the universe. Answering this question is among the top priorities of the physics community and of the Office of Science, and the Committee strongly believes that this initiative should move forward. DOE has done its part, developing the SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) as the DOE mission concept for JDEM. Unfortunately, NASA has failed to budget and program for launch services for JDEM. Unfortunately, in spite of best intentions, the multi-agency aspect of this initiative poses insurmountable problems that imperil its future.

• Therefore, the Committee directs the Department to begin planning for a single-agency dark energy mission with a launch in fiscal year 2013. The Committee directs DOE to explore other launch options, including cooperative international approaches and the procurement of private launch services, to get the SNAP platform into space. DOE is to report back to the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, not later than March 2, 2007, on the cost and feasibility of a single-agency mission, including the use of alternative launch options. The Committee will consider providing further guidance on this issue in the fiscal year 2008 appropriations bill and report. “


Office of Science

JDEM-relatedJDEM-relatedCongressional Directions:Congressional Directions:

June 28, 2006 - From the Senate Energy and Water Committee Mark-up of the FY07 - Appropriations Bill, under the HEP

section... • The High Energy Physics program has many promising opportunities to advance our understanding

of the universe and its makeup. However, the Department must make important decisions about the future of this program, including balancing the immediate opportunities provided through the Joint Dark Energy Mission and large future investments in the International Linear Collider.

• "International Linear Collider.-The Committee provides $45,000,000, an increase of $15,000,000 above current year levels, to support pre-conceptual research to support the U.S. ILC effort within the Accelerator Development, International Linear Collider R&D activities.

• "The Committee has consistently demonstrated its support of the Department's initiative to launch a space probe to answer the fundamental physics question of our time -- what is the "dark energy" that constitutes the majority of the universe? The committee strongly believes that this initiative should move forward. Unfortunately, the multi-agency aspect of this initiative faces insurmountable problems that imperil its future, and the Department risks losing a world-class scientific team. The Committee is concerned that the joint mission between the Department of Energy and NASA is untenable because of NASA's reorganization and change in focus towards manned space flight. The Committee directs the Department to immediately begin planning for a single-agency space-based dark energy mission and to conduct a peer-reviewed competition to select a single winning proposal based both upon the quality of science and the overall cost to the Department. The competition should be initiated by the end of calendar year 2006 and completed in 2007 with the goal of a launch in fiscal year 2013. The Committee encourages the Department to aggressively explore potential domestic and international partnerships and launch options to help defray the cost of the missions. The Committee provides $74,271,000 for Non-Accelerator Physics, and increase of $15,000,000 above the request to support the Joint Dark Energy Mission.

• The Committee has moved $8,310,000 from the Theoretical Physics to the High Energy Density Physics account."

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