Department of Mathematics and Science

Physical ScienceBig Idea 10: Forms of Energy

Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation Grade 5 Quarter 2 Topics 8 & 9

What is Energy?Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support SpecialistKeisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist

Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor

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Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation

Benchmarks

SC.5.P.10.1 - Investigate and describe some basic forms of energy, including light, heat, sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical.

Also Assesses:SC.5.P.10.2 - Investigate and explain that energy has the ability to cause motion or

create change. • SC.4.P.10.3 - Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects

and that pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.• SC.4.P.10.4 - Describe how moving water and air are sources of energy and can be

used to move things.• SC.3.P.10.3 - Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object

or travels from one medium to another.• SC.3.P.10.4 - Demonstrate that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.• SC.3.P.11.1 - Investigate, observe, and explain that things that give off light often

also give off heat.• SC.3.P.11.2 - Investigate, observe, and explain that heat is produced when one

object rubs against another, such as rubbing one's hands together.

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SC.5.P.10.4 - Investigate and explain that electrical energy can be transformed into heat, light, and sound energy, as well as the energy of motion. Also Assesses:

• SC.3.E.6.1 - Demonstrate that radiant energy from the sun can heat objects and when the sun is not present, heat may be lost.

• SC.4.P.11.1 - Recognize that heat flows from a hot object to a cold object and that heat flow may cause materials to change temperature.

• SC.4.P.11.2 - Identify common materials that conduct heat well or poorly.

Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation Benchmarks

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What is Energy?

• Energy is the ability to do work.

• Energy is the ability to cause a change.

Energy can change an object’s: motion shape temperature color

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Energy is all around us!– You can hear energy as sound when someone talks.– You can see mechanical energy every time you

move.– You can see energy as light from the sun or a

lamp.– You can feel it as heat warms things up.

Discovery Fundamentals: Energy Makes it Happen

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What are the Forms of Energy?

• Electrical• Light• Sound• Chemical• Heat/Thermal• Mechanical

kineticpotential

http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/

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Kinetic Energy

Energy due to motion. • Types of kinetic energy

• Kinetic energy can change into other forms of energy.

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Potential EnergyStored energy that could cause change in the future.Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to go. A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on top of a hill, and students waiting to go home from school are all examples of potential energy.

Types of potential energy • gravitational • compressed spring• chemical• magnetic

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Mechanical Energy

• Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position)

• All energy can be in one of two states: potential energy or kinetic energy.

The amount of mechanical energy depends on the object’s speed and mass.

• Mechanical energy can change into other forms of energy.

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Chemical Energy

• Chemical energy is made when substances react and form new substances.

• Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline are stored chemical energy.

• Chemical energy can change to:sound lightthermal electrical

kinetic

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What is Sound?https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

• Sound is a form of energy produced by a vibration or a back and forth movement of an

object.• Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from

its source of its matter.• The more vibrations the waves have, the more

energy, the louder the sound.• The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the

higher the sound.• How high or low a sound is called the pitch.

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What is light?

• Light is something that allows us to see objects.

• Light is a form of energy. • Light is produced by the vibrations of

electrically charged particles.

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Properties of Light

• Light travels in a straight path.• Light doesn’t travel through all objects. These are defined as opaque.• Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.

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Properties of Light Continued

• Light bounces off or is reflected from some kinds of opaque objects.

• Some objects let all light pass through them are known as:

transparent• Some objects let some light pass through

them are known as: translucent

Angles of Reflection

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Bending Light LabWrite down responses on your note page.

• Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium or state of matter (air) through another medium (water)?

• Hypothesis: • Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab

sheet.• Conclusion:

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Light Changes Direction

• Light bends or refracts as it passes from one medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas) to another.

• Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial

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What is Thermal Energy?

• Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object.• When any form of matter gets warmer, the kinetic energy of its atoms increases.• The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy

increases.• A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or

state of matter.• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.

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Forms of Energy

Energy Forms• Heat/thermal• Electrical • Chemical

• Mechanical:potentialkinetic

• Light /Radiant

What Happens?• Objects warm. Food cooks. • Lights on. / Machines run.• Organisms move and grow. • Flashlights light up.

• Sled sits on top of a hill.• Sled slides down the hill.• Plants grow. / Lasers cut.

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What is the Transformation of Energy? Energy can change and move from one object to another. chemical > electrical > light

Where does the energy of a lit light bulb transfer to after the flashlight has been on for a while? Heat energy transfers into the air.

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Forms of Energy Stationstaions

Identify and record the different forms of energy in your science notebook as you rotate throughout the various stations.

Reflections: • Describe what you learned in the energy

stations. • What was interesting?• What do you want to learn more about?

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What are some transfers and/or transformations of energy that are taking place in our classroom, in our school or at home?

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Transformation of Energy

A.

B.

A.

B.

C.

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Energy Transformation

How is energy changing when a toaster is in use?

A toaster uses electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy.

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Energy Interactive Online Resources

Energy and the Environment: http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy

Science for Kids: Sound and Hearing http://acswebcontent.acs.org/scienceforkids/index.html#Sound

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Online Energy Videos and More The Energy Story: http://energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html

Mechanical Energy (animation) http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=2768797e-a7a0-45f5-b7a4-812cd3422f7d&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DETB&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

• Energy http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/index.htm

• Kids and Energy http://www.kids.esdb.bg/index.html

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Discovery Resources

• Fundamental: Energy Makes it Happen• Exploration: Forms of Energy• E-book: Forms of Energy• Video: Sources of Energy• Video: What is light?