dependency critique chilcote, smith, evans. back to weber & marx marx: state monolithic weber:...
TRANSCRIPT
Dependency critique
Chilcote, Smith, Evans
Back to Weber & Marx
• Marx: state monolithic
• Weber: plurality & legitimate state coercion
• Marx theory dynamic
• Weber: focus on bureaucratic order
Political economy
• Back to Smith, Ricardo, Marx
• Study comparative politics– state & class at national level– imperialism & dependency international
• Economic base and political superstructure
Economic base
• Mode of production (mix of productive forces)
• Relations of production (division of labour)
• Forces of production (productive CAPACITY)
• Means of production (tools, land, buildings etc.)
Political superstructure
• State (legal forms and instruments maintaining class rule)
• class (groups of people classified according to relation to means of prod)
• ideology (false consciousness – legal, political, religious and philosophical)
Theory of state and class
– View system as capitalistPluralist conception of state challenged (Mosca, Pareto, Dahl, etc.)Dahl extended pluralism to socialist economiesRaised issue of socialist democracy
Theory of state and class 2
– Domhof and Miliband see capitalist class using state as instrument of rule of unified corporate elite
–Structuralist view (Poulantzas) sees state serving capitalism best when members do not participate actively in state apparatus
Underdevelopment
• Gunder Frank et al challenged the possibility of development.
• Paul Baran focused on extraction of surplus
• Prebisch divided centre-periphery
Underdevelopment 2
• Dos Santos on need for change in internal structure and external relations
• Emmanuel stressed inequities in international exchange
• Amin uneven development because unable to challenge foreign “monopolies”
criticisms
– No unified theory– Emphasis on underconsumption [externalising
dynamic]– Few practical solutions– Incompatibility with Marxist theory
Smith: Dependency Approach
• [not a theory!]
• Marxist roots, but many debates
• Latin American origins
• global division of labour chief force shaping history of the South
Capitalism
• global economy
• dependency a subset
Dependency premise
• “one must see [change] as a function of the power of economic imperialism generated by the capitalist “core” of world affairs…” [119]
Approach
• Studies effects of imperialism
• Focus is on the part not the whole
• explaining “logic of capitalist expansion on the periphery”
Tools of analysis
• dual economy
• export oriented modern sector– econ & politically part of international– dependent
• traditional sector– disintegrates– marginalized land
Class formation
• modern sector symbiotic with international capitalism
• intermediaries
• “compradors”
• parasites!!
Summary
• Division of labour prime social reality
• political activity class based
• bias against ethnicity
• problems of 3W arise from form of growth pursued in the North
Clarifications
• Dual economy not rigid– some genuine industrial base– dependent development possible (Evans)
• Role of the state– more than auxiliary– backward and forward links
• diversity
Fight with developmentalism
• easy to criticise
• no economic perspective (even in Political Order)
• dual economy seen as transitional
• task of pol dev to back up diffusion – speed up disappearance of traditional
Future of dependency
• Rivalry
• Focus on DFI– ignore aggregate data
• leave periphery but can’t join core
• [takes care of Taiwan/Brazil arguments]
• “Piddling criticism is a waste of time” !!
Effective criticism
• Challenge economic determinism
• Challenge imperialist theory
• Merely a corrective to the developmentalist school?– Marxism does have its own assumed
development path