Describing a graph? MK p 115

Can you name any point / segment of the graph?

Steps to take when describing a graph:Determine the topics and time frameWhat do the numbers and labels represent?

A number? A percentage? A price?Describe the overall situation. The general trend.Focus on the highs and lows.When? In what period? For how long?How intensive was the change? Use adjectives

and adverbs. → RB, p 18

Words to use: verbs and nouns

prices rise vs a rise in pricesdifferent levels of intensity: to rise vs. to soar a growth vs. a surge transitive & intransitive verbs: rise vs. raise

(is an object required?)

adjectives and adverbs used to describe:degree of change: the prices rise significantly

a significant rise in pricesspeed of change: the prices rise suddenly

a sudden rise in prices

INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE VERBS (no object) VERBS + a direct object

RISEGROWJUMPRALLYSOAR

FALL DECLINEPLUMMETSLUMPPLUNGE

TO RAISE PRICES TO BOOST SALES TO SPUR SPENDING

TO SLASH TAXES TO BRING DOWN PRICES

INCREASEDECREASE

COPY THE TABLE AND SORT THE VERBS OUT.

FALL RISE CHANGE

PICK UP, TOP OUT, DIP, SURGE, PLUMMET, PLUNGE, TAKE OFF, BOTTOM OUT, REBOUND,

SKYROCKET, SLIP, SLUMP, SOAR, CRASH, RALLY, TUMBLE, SHRINK, ESCALATE, LEAP

COPY THE TABLE AND SORT THE VERBS OUT.

FALL RISE CHANGE

plummetslipcrashtumbleshrinkslump

pick upsurgetake offskyrocketsoarrallyescalateleap

bottom outrebounddip

top out

PICK UP, TOP OUT, DIP, SURGE, PLUMMET, PLUNGE, TAKE OFF, BOTTOM OUT, REBOUND, SKYROCKET,

SLIP, SLUMP, SOAR, CRASH, RALLY, TUMBLE,

MARK 1 “go up”, 2 ”go down”, 3 “go up a lot” or 4 “ go down a lot”

As part of an overall boom, spending on advertising rocketed in the late 1990s and, in 2000, it soared by morethan 8% in America, which represents about half the world market. But then the following year it plunged by 8%. Now the industry is feeling positive again and advertising is expected to escalate by nearly 5% this year. But how is the money being spent? Thanks to the Internet, there was ajump in website advertising of nearly 40%. But is traditional TV advertising shrinking? America’s big TV networks used to reach 90% of households but then this figure plummeted to as low as 33%. Consequently, TV advertisingby some multinationals also slumped.

MARK 1 “go up”, 2 ”go down”, 3 “go up a lot” or 4 “ go down a lot”

As part of an overall boom, spending on advertising rocketed3 in the late 1990s and, in 2000, it soared3 by more than 8% in America, which represents about half the world market. But then the following year it plunged4 by 8%. Now the industry is feeling positive again and advertising is expected to escalate1 by nearly 5% this year. But how is the money being spent? Thanks to the Internet, there was a jump3 in website advertising of nearly 40%. But is traditional TV advertising shrinking2? America’s big TV networks used to reach 90% of households but then this figure plummeted4 to as low as 33%. Consequently, TV advertising by some multinationals also slumped4.

ADJECTIVES or ADVERBS used in describing trends or movements

A D + V E R B SDEGREE OF CHANGE

The oil prices rose sharply.

SPEED OF CHANGE

In November the oilprices started fallingabruptly.

A D J E C T I V ES+NOUNSDEGREE OF CHANGEThere was a sharpincrease in the price ofgold.

SPEED OF CHANGEThe stock markets saw

an abrupt decrease in the ratings.

Verbs adverbs Nouns (a/an) adjectivesto increaseto growto riseto improveto go up

dramatically considerablysignificantlysharplysubstantially moderatelyslightly

an increasea growtha risean improvementan upturn

dramatic D considerable Esignificant Gsharp Rsubstantial E moderate Eslight

to decreaseto fallto dropto declineto go down

abruptly,suddenly,rapidly, quickly,steadily, slowly egradually…

a decreasea falla dropa declinea downturn

abrupt Ssudden Prapid Equick Esteady Dslowgradual

TO GO UP OR DOWN A LITTLE

grow, rise, increase – not followed by “up”fall, drop, decrease – not followed by “down”

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB?

There was a CONSIDERABLY / CONSIDERABLE fall.

It fell SLIGHT / SLIGHTLY.There was a SLIGHT / SLIGHTLY upturn.The government decreased taxes MODERATE/

MODERATELY.They reported a DRAMATICALLY / DRAMATIC

downturn.

MAKE ADVERBS.

rapidquickslightmoderatedramaticconsiderablesubstantialgradualsteady

rapidlyquicklyslightlymoderatelydramaticallyconsiderablysubstantiallygraduallysteadily

Since 1998, the use of broadcast TV has fallen sharply, going down from 950 to under 600 hours in just seven years. This figure levelled off slightly in 2002 with a slight decline of just 30 hours compared to a sharp fall of 70 hours the following year and reaching an all-time low of under 600 hours per year by 2004. At the beginning of 2005, the use of broadcast TV has abruptly risen, only to be followed by a gradual drop in the second quarter.

Trends:by Verbs+Adverbs & Nouns&Adjectives

Since 1998, the use of broadcast TV has fallen sharply, going down from 950 to under 600 hours in just seven years. This figure levelled off slightly in 2002 with a slight decline of just 30 hours compared to a sharp fall of 70 hours the following year and reaching an all-time low of under 600 hours per year by 2004. At the beginning of 2005, the use of broadcast TV has abruptly risen, only to be followed by a gradual drop in the second quarter.

Verbs+Adverbs & Nouns+AdjectivesDegree & speed of change

Describing movements and prepositions

to rise ______ 2 h ___ 5 hto increase _____ 35 %a decrease ____ 10 %an increase ____ 15%to decrease ____ 46%to fall _____ 20 % ____ 13 %to fall ____ $3 h ___ $2 hThe company expects a 5% increase ___ sales.Sales stood ___ $1 m ___ 1998.The sales figures peaked ___ $1,000.

Describing movements and prepositions

to rise from 2 h to 5 hto increase by 35 % / by 3 (from 2 to 5)an increase of 15%a decrease of 10 %to decrease by 46% / by 2 (from 10 to 8)to fall from 20 % to 13 %to fall from $3 h to $2 hThe company expects a 5% increase in sales.Sales stood at $1 m in 1998.The sales figures peaked at $1,000.Careful: rast od 5% je increase of 5% noun + ofporasti za 5% nije to increase for 5% nego: increase by

verb + by

Time prepositions on on Monday, on 23 March 2012 in in August / in winter

in the morningin 2006in an hour

at at half past nineat nightat the weekend

since since 1980 for for 2 years ago 2 years ago before before 2004 to / till / until from Monday to/till Friday till / until He is on holiday until Friday. by I will be back by 6 o’clock.

By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.