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Desert Locust contingency planningRegional workshop
5–9 November 2016Tehran, I.R. Iran
FAO Commission forControlling the Desert Locustin South-West Asia
ReportoftheSWACregionalworkshopon
DesertLocustcontingencyplanning
Tehran,I.R.Iran5–9November2016
FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsRome,2016
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©FAO2016
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CONTENTS
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
Participants............................................................................................................................................2
Programme.............................................................................................................................................2
Mainactivities........................................................................................................................................3
Results....................................................................................................................................................3
Followupandnextsteps.......................................................................................................................4
Annex1.Workshopparticipants............................................................................................................5
Annex2.Workshopprogramme............................................................................................................6
Annex4.Contingencyplanningparameters..........................................................................................7
Annex4.SurveyandcontrolresourcesinSWACcountries...................................................................8
Annex5.ControlpotentialinSWACcountries.......................................................................................9
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SWACregionalworkshoponDesertLocustcontingencyplanning5-9November2016,Tehran(I.R.Iran)
Introduction
The29thsessionoftheFAOCommissionforControllingtheDesertLocustinSouth-WestAsia(SWAC)recommendedthataregionalworkshopbeorganizedinfollowuptothefirstworkshopheldintheregiononcontingencyplanning(2013).Theobjectiveofthecurrentworkshopwasto:
(a) updatetheexistingoutbreakandinvasioncontingencyplansforeachcountry,(b) reviewtheavailableresourcesforcontrolanddeterminenationalcapacitiestocombat
locustoutbreaks,invasionsandupsurges,and(c) toprepareupsurgecontingencyplansforeachcountry.Theworkshopwasalsoan
occasiontorefreshparticipantsontheconcepts,purposeandimplementationofcontingencyplans.
Participants
OneparticipantfromeachSWACmembercountryattendedtheworkshop(Annex1).Twooftheparticipants,AfghanistanandIran,hadattendedthefirstworkshop;whereas,contingencyplanningwasanewconceptfortheothertwoparticipants,IndiaandPakistan.
Participantswererequestedtobringanupdatedversionoftheirexistingcontingencyplansthatwerepreparedin2013,acompletedlistofavailableresourcesforlocustcontrolcampaignsandalaptop.
Programme
Theworkshopprogrammeemphasizedpeerreviewbytheparticipantsofeachother’scontingencyplansandallowedampletimeforeachcountrytopresentanddiscusstheirplanindetail(Annex2).Workinghourswerefrom0900-1300hand1430-1700h.
Day1.FormalopeningoftheworkshopwithwelcomeaddressesbytheDirectorofthePlantProtectionOrganization(PPO)inI.R.IranandtheExecutiveSecretaryofSWAC.Intheafternoon,conceptsandexamplesofcontingencyplanning(Annex3),andtoolstoassistinthepreparationofcontingencyplanssuchastheDesertLocustContingencyPlanningAssistant(DeLCoPA),PesticideStocksManagementSystem(PSMS),DesertLocustContingencyMonitoringSystem(SVDN)andeLertaswellasotherresourcessuchastheFAODesertLocustGuidelineswerepresentedandexplained.Day2.ReviewofIndiacontingencyplanninganddeterminationofcontrolcapacitybasedonavailableresources.Day3.FieldvisittoEmergencyDesertLocustCentreinKaraj,andfielddemonstrationofrotarydroneforcroppestmonitoring.ReviewofI.R.Irancontingencyplanninganddeterminationofcontrolcapacitybasedonavailableresources.
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Day4.ReviewofPakistanandAfghanistancontingencyplanninganddeterminationofcontrolcapacitybasedonavailableresourcesinbothcountries.Day5.Conclusion,followupandnextsteps.
Mainactivities(a) Reviewoftheconceptofcontingencyplanningandthevarioustoolsthatareavailabletoassist
inpreparingsuchplans;(b) Discussion,reviewandupdatingofeachcountry’sexistingcontingencyplansforoutbreaksand
invasions;(c) Identifyeachcountry’savailableresourcesforoutbreaks,invasionsandupsurges;(d) Prepareupsurgecontingencyplans.
Results(a) Contingencyplansforoutbreaks,invasionsandupsurgeshadbeenformulatedforIndiaand
Pakistan;(b) AninvasioncontingencyplanwasupdatedforAfghanistan;(c) I.R.Irandecidedtorevisethecontingencyplantoincludethemain11locustspeciesinthe
countrybecausetherelatedbudgetandresourcesarenotseparatedaccordingtospecies.ThereviseddraftwillbesubmittedtotheSWACExecutiveSecretarybeforethe30thsession;
(d) ShortfallsinresourcesidentifiedinthePakistaniandAfghaniplans;(e) Surveyandcontrolresourcesavailableineachcountrywerereviewedandupdated(Annex4);(f) Controlcapacity(hatreated/day)basedonavailableresourceswasreviewedandupdatedinfor
I.R.Iranwhilefurtherdetailsarerequiredfortheothercountries(Annex5).
Itshouldbenotedthatthethreefrontlinecountries,India,IranandPakistan,haveveryoldandwell-establishednationallocustprogrammesinwhichsufficientnationalmechanismsexistforfundingoutbreak,invasionandupsurgecontrolcampaignswithouttheneedtorelyonCommissionorexternalsources.
Eachcountryhasslightlydifferentarrangementsanduniquecharacteristics.InIndia,the
LocustWarningOrganizationmaintainsapesticide-on-demandcontractwithanationalsupplierforDesertLocustcontroloperations.PakistanistheonlycountryaffectedbyDesertLocustthathasitsowndedicatedaerialfleet.I.R.IranhasestablishedtwoemergencycentreswhereequipmentisstoredtobeusedonlyinDesertLocustsurveyandcontroloperations.Thecontingencyplanisusedtohelpjustifyannualfundingofthenationallocustprogramme.AfghanistanisaninvasioncountryandhasnotfacedDesertLocustformorethan25years,yetitcontrolsMoroccanLocusteveryyear;hence,someoftheseresourcescouldbeutilizedforDesertLocustcontrolifnecessary.
Fortunately,DesertLocustupsurgesandplaguesrarelyaffecttheSWACregion.
Consequently,pastcontrolcampaignshavebeenlimitedwiththeexceptionofJulytoOctober1993whenIndiaandPakistantreatedmorethan300,000haeach.Sincethen,controloperationswereundertakeninonly7outof23years,treatingnomorethan35,000hainacountryandoftenmuchless.Whentheregionisinvadedbyswarms,itisusuallyoccursduringthespring(March–May)fromtheArabianPeninsulaandatthebeginningofthesummer(June–July)fromsouthernArabiaandtheHornofAfrica.
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Followupandnextsteps1. Iranshouldfinalizetheircontingencyplanforoutbreak,invasionandupsurgeandsubmititto
theSWACExecutiveSecretarybeforethe30thsession;2. IndiaandPakistanshouldincludeadditionaldetailsconcerningaircraftintheirupsurge
contingencyplans;3. AfghanistanandPakistanshouldaddresstheshortfallsinresourcesrequiredforoutbreak,
invasionandupsurgecontrolcampaigns;4. Allcountriesshouldreview,updateandprovidesufficientdetailsfordeterminingcontrol
potentialduringoutbreaks(excludingAfghanistan)andupsurges;5. OrganizeamockfieldexercisetotesttheIraniancontingencyplanin2017or2018,fundedby
SWAC;6. ConsiderthedevelopmentofsimpleinventorydatabasethatisincorporatedwithinRAMSESGIS,
fundedbySWAC.
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Annex1.Workshopparticipants
Name Title Contact AfghanistanMirjanHemat Head,EmergencyPestActionDivision
PPQD/MAIL,[email protected]
IndiaB.S.Phogat AdditionalPlantProtectionAdvisor&Head
LocustControl&ResearchSchemeDPPQS/MAFW,Faridabad
I.R.IranMehdiGhaemian DeputyDirector,PublicPestManagement
MahmoudChalaki Head,Locust&RodentControlGroupPPO,Tehran
AliBabaliFashki LocustInformationOfficerPPO,Tehran
PakistanFakharUlZaman Entomologist,DPP,Bahawalpur [email protected]
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Annex2.Workshopprogramme
5Nov2016(Saturday) 1000-1200h Openingandwelcome1430-1700h Conceptsofcontingencyplanning,resources,tools
6Nov2016(Sunday) 0900-1300h Indiacontingencyplan:review&updating1430-1700h Indiaresources:controlcapacity
7Nov2016(Monday) 0830-1300h FieldvisittoKaraj:DesertLocustEmergencyCentre&dronedemo1430-1700h I.R.Irancontingencyplan:review&updating
I.R.Iranresources:controlcapacity8Nov2016(Tuesday)
0900-1300h Pakistancontingencyplan:review&updatingPakistanresources:controlcapacity
1430-1700h Afghanistancontingencyplan:review&updatingAfghanistanresources:controlcapacity
9Nov2016(Wednesday) 1400-1530h Conclusion,followup,nextsteps
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Annex4.ContingencyplanningparametersWorkrateofULVsprayersinDesertLocustcontrolSprayertype Targetsize(ha) Targettype Treatment(ha/day)Handheld,backpack 0.1–10 bands 15Vehicle-mounted 1–100 bands,swarms 100Aircraft >25 bands,swarms,flying 5,000
Resourcesneededtocontrol100,000haControlmethod Sprayers Pesticide(l) TrucksAerialswarmcontrol 4 50,000 3Aerialblockbandcontrol 84 1,250,000 75Individualbandcontrol 167 50,000 9Handheldcropprotection(only25%treated)
38,000 127
Three-monthinvasioncampaign–araceagainsttime
Week Locustbehaviour1 Swarminvasionandlaying2 (1–2weeks)3 4 Hatchingandbandformation5 (3–5weeks)6 7 8 9 Fledgingandnewswarmformation10 (1–3weeks)
LocationsofDesertLocusthopperbandsandswarmsinSWAC,1990–2016
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Annex4.SurveyandcontrolresourcesinSWACcountries(asofNovember2016)
ITEM AFG IND IRN PAKSprayers ULVsprayers-handheld 660 96 50 1,800ULVsprayers-backpack 15 0 0 0ULVsprayers-vehicle-mounted
19 20 30 23
ULVsprayer-aerial 0 0 0+3 3Vehicles 4WDpickups 8 39 30+20 154WDstationwagons 0 3 0 11motorcycles 115 0 4+10 0Other eLocust3 0 35 12 30HFradios 0 38 8 17GPS 34 34 50+20 14Pesticide ULVformulation@1L/ha 0 2,000 10,000+10,000 42,[email protected]/ha 60,000 0 20,000+20,000 0Staff-NLCU surveyofficers 50 51 24+30 50controlofficers 68 51 30+30 50locustinformationofficers 20 2 2 2drivers 8 35 15+15 16Staff-seconded surveyofficers 0 0 15 ondemandcontrolofficers 0 0 30 ondemanddrivers 0 0 15 ondemandFinances annualoperatingbudget/USD 116,000 1,283,669 500,000 12,500emergencyfunds-NCLU/USD 1,200,000 0 300,000 ondemandemergencyfunds-other 539,919 ondemand 500,000+1,000,000 ondemand
Notes Iran:PPO+AgricultureOffices Pakistan:nospecificannualbudget;fundsareprovidedaccordingtorequirements
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Annex5.ControlpotentialinSWACcountries(asofNovember2016)TherewasinsufficientinformationtofullydeterminethecontrolpotentialinAfghanistan,IndiaandPakistan;however,thiswasnearlycompletedforI.R.Iran.
AFG IND IRN PAK
Outbreak
Areatreated(ha)
perday 3,440 2,300
perweek 13,800
permonth 57,500
Pesticide(litres)
perday 2,300
perweek 13,800
permonth 57,500
Teams
survey 31
handheldcontrol 10 20
vehiclecontrol 10 20
Workingdays
perweek 6
permonth 25
Upsurge
Areatreated(ha)
perday 5,340
perweek 32,040
permonth 133,500
Pesticide(litres)
perday 5,340
perweek 32,040
permonth 133,500
Teams
survey 31
handheldcontrol 10 96
vehiclecontrol 10 39
Workingdays
perweek 6
permonth 25
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Annex5.ControlpotentialinSWACcountries(asofNovember2016)TherewasinsufficientinformationtofullydeterminethecontrolpotentialinAfghanistan,IndiaandPakistan;however,thiswasnearlycompletedforI.R.Iran.
AFG IND IRN PAK
Outbreak
Areatreated(ha)
perday 3,440 2,300
perweek 13,800
permonth 57,500
Pesticide(litres)
perday 2,300
perweek 13,800
permonth 57,500
Teams
survey 31
handheldcontrol 10 20
vehiclecontrol 10 20
Workingdays
perweek 6
permonth 25
Upsurge
Areatreated(ha)
perday 5,340
perweek 32,040
permonth 133,500
Pesticide(litres)
perday 5,340
perweek 32,040
permonth 133,500
Teams
survey 31
handheldcontrol 10 96
vehiclecontrol 10 39
Workingdays
perweek 6
permonth 25