Design and Technology Week 7 work for Year 7

You should have already completed the tasks on how to draw cylinders. If you haven't, do thisfirst (the tasks follow in this presentation).

If you have learnt how to draw cylinders, move on to the tasks which help you learn how todraw cubes (further down in this presentation).

3D DrawingWhen sketching products/ideas by hand, it is beneficial if you can make the sketch look 3D.

This will make the item you are sketching look more realistic and help people who are looking

at the sketch to understand it better.

When your teacher assesses your sketched ideas in Year 7, 8 and 9, one thing we look for is the

quality of your communication. This means how well you present your ideas so that others can

understand them, through both the quality of the sketches and your written notes (annotation).

This is also assessed if you take the Design and Technology GCSE.

There are different techniques you can use to make your sketches look 3D. We are going to learn

some of the techniques now.

Drawing shapesAll objects are really just a combination of different shapes. If you can learn how to draw shapes

in 3D you can then put these together to create objects.

CylindersWe will start with cylinders.

A cylinder is made up of

two ellipses and two parallel

lines.

An ellipse is the shape you see

when you view a circle from an

angle. It looks like a squashed

circle. There is an ellipse at the

top and bottom of the cylinder.

Parallel lines are lines that

are the same distance apart

and will never meet. There are

parallel lines on each side of the

cylinder.

Ellipse

Parallel lines

Ellipse

Ellipses

To draw an ellipse, take a pencil and make the shape of the ellipse

without actually touching the lead on the paper. Do this a few times

to get the feel of the shape and how to make it.

You should be moving the pencil quite quickly and holding the pencil

securely but not too tightly. You need your hand to be able to move

freely and smoothly.

Next, whilst still repeating the shape of the ellipse lower the lead onto

the paper. Do not press too hard, you want to achieve a light sketchy

line. You may have to overlap the pencil lines and draw the shape a few

times over the top of previous lines until you get it right. This is fine.

This is not an ellipse.

It has sharp points like an eye.

It needs to be more rounded.

This is not an ellipse.

It is too flat.

It is more of a sausage shape.

This is a good ellipse.

It looks like a squashed circle.

Notice the overlapping lines

and that the line is quite sketchy.

This is what you need to aim for.

Keep practicing until you feel more confident

when drawing ellipses.

Remember this success criteria:

• Use a light pressure on your pencil

• Make the shape quickly to get a

smoother line (you shouldn’t be stopping

and restarting the line, it should be

continuous)

• Overlapping helps you refine and improve

the shape if your first attempt wasn’t

great. Don’t rub out.

• The shape should be rounded- no pointy

corners or flat edges.

Cylinders- Follow the steps below to draw a cylinder

1) Start with an ellipse. Follow the success criteria on the previous

page for drawing ellipses.

2) Next, add a center line. This should be drawn with a very light

pressure and be feint (I’ve drawn mine darker so you can see it).

If you want to, make this a dashed line so it is different from the

other lines. The centre line should start in the center of the ellipse

and work its way down vertically at 90 degrees to the bottom of

the page.

3) Next, draw two vertical parallel lines from each end of the

ellipse. They should be exactly the same distance from the center

line and should be at 90 to the bottom edge of the page.

4) Finally, add the bottom ellipse. Its outer edges should line up

with the two vertical lines. You can carefully rub out the center line

now if you want to.

Congratulations! You have drawn an cylinder!

Practice makes perfect!

Now that you know how to draw a cylinder,

practice drawing different sized cylinders.

To do this, you need to experiment with the

width of the ellipse and the length of the

parallel lines.

Drawing objects using cylinders

If you look around your home, you will see many

objects that have a cylinder shape in their

structure.

By combining cylinders together, or cylinders with

other shapes, We can draw a wide range of products.

Have a go at some of the products on the next few pages.

Remember:

• Draw the cylinders first using the success

criteria on the previous page

• Use a feint line with light pressure

• Once you have drawn the cylinders that make

up the main structure, connect them together

and add extra details.The lamp is just three cylinders, one for the shade,

one for the stem and one for the base.

The center line helps to keep each one aligned. You

can experiment by making the shade taller or the

base wider. Try to draw three different designs for

a lamp.

Shade

Stem

Base

Now try these… Level: Easy

Pencil

TeapotCup and Saucer

Saucepan

Now try these… Level: More of a challenge

Chair

Drink CanCupboard

Now try these… Level: Challenging

Candlestick Children’s Stacking Toy

Oblique

Isometric

Cubes

There are different techniques for drawing cubes.

One of the most common is called OBLIQUE.

This is not the most realistic looking view of a cube.

It is better to use a technique called ‘Isometric’

Which we will look at now.

With isometric, we see the front corner of the cube

and the left and right sides are drawn at

30 degrees.

30 degrees

45 degrees

Cubes- Follow the steps below to draw a cube

1) Start with a vertical line. This will be the front edge of the

cube.

2) From the bottom point of the vertical line, draw the bottom

right edge and bottom left edge of the cube. They should be the

same length and should be drawn at 30 degrees to the bottom

of the page.

1 2

3

4

3) Next, add the top left and right edges of the cube. They should

be the same length as the bottom lines and should be parallel to

them.

4) Next, add two more vertical lines, one to join up the lines on the

left and one on the right.

4

5) Now, put the back top lines in. They should be parallel with

the front top two edges.

5

Cuboids

Now you can draw a cube, you can use the

same technique for drawing cuboids.

For a tall cuboid like this,

you need to make the

vertical lines longer than

the horizontal lines.

This cuboid is similar to a

box of chocolates. To draw

this, you need to make

the vertical lines very

short and the lines on the

right longer than those

on the left.

This cuboid is similar to a shoebox.

The vertical lines are about twice the

height of the lines in the previous cuboid

and the horizontal lines are longer on the

left than the right.

Using cubes and cuboids to draw products

A cube shape can be

used to create products

such as shape sorters

Tips for drawing on the surface of the cube:• Draw a feint center line to help you align

the letter or number• Draw a border around the edge. It should

be the same thickness all the way around

Building and alphabet blocks

use cube shapes. You can draw

letters and numbers on their

surfaces

Tips for drawing on the surface of the cube:

• Draw a feint cross that divides the surface equally into four sections to help identify the center point.

By combining cubes with cuboids

and other shapes you can build up

more complicated products.

A shallow cuboid

can be turned into

a jigsaw piece by

adding some

Cylinders.

Tips for creating a jigsaw piece• Add two centre lines on the topsurface of the cuboid to help you

Line up the cylinders centrally